SYNGR1

Summary

SYNGR1 (synaptogyrin 1, HGNC:11498) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.1, encoding Synaptogyrin-1 (O43759). May play a role in regulated exocytosis.

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein associated with presynaptic vesicles in neuronal cells. The exact function of this protein is unclear, but studies of a similar murine protein suggest that it functions in synaptic plasticity without being required for synaptic transmission. The gene product belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding three different isoforms have been identified.

Source: NCBI Gene 9145 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): bipolar disorder (Limited, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 52
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 56 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004711

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11498
Approved symbol	SYNGR1
Name	synaptogyrin 1
Location	22q13.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000100321
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	603925
Entrez	9145

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 12 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000216155, ENST00000318801, ENST00000328933, ENST00000381535, ENST00000406293, ENST00000415332, ENST00000489206, ENST00000892372, ENST00000892373, ENST00000933677, ENST00000933678, ENST00000968127, ENST00000968128, ENST00000968129

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_004711 NM_004711, NM_145731, NM_145738

CCDS: CCDS13989, CCDS13990, CCDS13991

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000328933 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000654717	39374316	39374553
ENSE00000880353	39381696	39385575
ENSE00001884196	39349991	39350109
ENSE00003687533	39376052	39376197

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 298 present calls, max score 99.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 24.1795 / max 434.0774, expressed in 1629 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
192335	23.6587	1626
192334	0.3380	180
192338	0.1829	15

Top tissues by expression

304 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	99.09	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	99.08	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	99.00	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	98.99	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	98.93	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	98.63	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	98.62	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	98.31	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	98.12	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	98.00	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	97.88	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	97.64	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	97.64	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	97.46	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	97.46	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	97.30	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	97.15	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	97.11	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	96.89	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	96.82	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	96.68	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	96.55	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	96.39	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	95.97	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	95.56	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	95.40	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	95.31	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	95.27	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	95.21	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	95.14	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 10 experiment(s), a significant marker in 9.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-98	yes	720.15
E-MTAB-7407	yes	512.06
E-MTAB-10042	yes	477.01
E-HCAD-4	yes	151.89
E-CURD-122	yes	23.36
E-CURD-112	yes	19.27
E-GEOD-135922	yes	9.59
E-MTAB-9801	yes	3.20
E-MTAB-7381	no	48.75
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

114 targeting SYNGR1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4747-5P	100.00	67.90	2681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P	100.00	67.98	2761
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-6748-5P	100.00	65.81	1057
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-5010-5P	99.94	64.11	705
HSA-MIR-4525	99.94	64.38	675
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-6783-3P	99.89	67.92	2059
HSA-MIR-1343-3P	99.89	66.78	1815
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-4779	99.86	66.50	1583
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-636	99.80	69.58	1500
HSA-MIR-4713-5P	99.78	67.80	1794
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-2116-3P	99.74	64.32	889
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-6752-3P	99.72	66.71	1587

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• This research found a novel nonsense mutation (Trp27Ter) in exon 2 of the SYNGR1 gene in a family multiply affected with schizophrenia. And expressed in the brain. (PMID:14732601)
• Our results support SYNGR1 as a probable susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (PMID:16215643)
• These mutations were not found in 507 control subjects, suggesting further functional assays are warranted to verify their relevance to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. (PMID:17049558)
• The results of association study support a contribution of SYNGR1 to schizophrenia susceptibility. (PMID:19641478)
• A case-control study with synaptogyrin 1 was conducted in 506 bipolar disorder patients and 507 healthy individuals from the Han Chinese population. No association was found in this study. (PMID:19665806)
• SYNGR1 was soluble and stable in a variety of mild detergents and multiple biophysical methods confirmed the folded state of the protein. (PMID:22675529)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	syngr1a	ENSDARG00000002564
		ENSDARG00000103577
mus_musculus	Syngr1	ENSMUSG00000022415
rattus_norvegicus	Syngr1	ENSRNOG00000017108
drosophila_melanogaster	Syngr	FBGN0033876

Paralogs (3): SYNGR4 (ENSG00000105467), SYNGR2 (ENSG00000108639), SYNGR3 (ENSG00000127561)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Synaptogyrin-1 — O43759 (reviewed: O43759)

All UniProt accessions (4): O43759, A2A283, B5MCD7, F8WCE4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in regulated exocytosis. Modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in synaptic-like microvesicle formation and/or maturation. Involved in the regulation of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Synaptic vesicle membrane. Melanosome.

Similarity. Belongs to the synaptogyrin family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O43759-1	1A	yes
O43759-2	1B
O43759-3	1C

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_004702, NP_663783, NP_663791 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR008253	Marvel	Domain
IPR016579	Synaptogyrin	Family

Pfam: PF01284

UniProt features (27 total): helix 7, topological domain 5, transmembrane region 4, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, turn 2, chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8A6M	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O43759-F1	80.05	0.54

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 1

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-168249	Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256	Immune System

MSigDB gene sets: 216 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_UP, VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, AP1_01, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NEURONAL_SYNAPTIC_PLASTICITY, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SHORT_TERM_NEURONAL_SYNAPTIC_PLASTICITY, GOBP_PROTEIN_TARGETING, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, SHEPARD_BMYB_MORPHOLINO_DN, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING

GO Biological Process (7): protein targeting (GO:0006605), regulated exocytosis (GO:0045055), regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity (GO:0048169), regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity (GO:0048172), synaptic vesicle membrane organization (GO:0048499), cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor (GO:1990830), modulation of chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0050804)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), synaptic vesicle membrane (GO:0030672), neuromuscular junction (GO:0031594), azurophil granule membrane (GO:0035577), melanosome (GO:0042470), Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse (GO:0098685), synaptic vesicle (GO:0008021), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), synapse (GO:0045202)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	1
Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	2
synapse	2
establishment of protein localization	1
exocytosis	1
endomembrane system organization	1
membrane organization	1
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	1
response to leukemia inhibitory factor	1
chemical synaptic transmission	1
regulation of trans-synaptic signaling	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
synaptic vesicle	1
exocytic vesicle membrane	1
lysosomal membrane	1
secretory granule membrane	1
azurophil granule	1
pigment granule	1
exocytic vesicle	1
presynapse	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular vesicle	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1404 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SYNGR1	SYNPR	Q8TBG9	917
SYNGR1	SYP	P08247	773
SYNGR1	SYT1	P21579	676
SYNGR1	RAB3A	P20336	626
SYNGR1	STX1A	Q16623	615
SYNGR1	SV2B	Q7L1I2	557
SYNGR1	STXBP1	P61764	545
SYNGR1	RPH3A	Q9Y2J0	501
SYNGR1	PRSS16	Q9NQE7	486
SYNGR1	TEX2	Q8IWB9	471
SYNGR1	PI4KA	P42356	469
SYNGR1	C3orf18	Q9UK00	464
SYNGR1	CPLX1	O14810	458
SYNGR1	OR13C5	Q8NGS8	448
SYNGR1	SNAP25	P13795	444

IntAct

17 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SYNGR1	FATE1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FATE1	SYNGR1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
YIPF3	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SLC30A2	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SYNGR1	CREB3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
E5	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
K8.1	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	SYNGR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CMTM5	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SYNGR1	TNPO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC6A12	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC7A14	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P/V	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CFTR	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270

BioGRID (113): FATE1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), CREB3 (Two-hybrid), FATE1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SYNGR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), SYNGR1 (Two-hybrid), NDRG4 (Two-hybrid), HAS3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VE58, A3KQ86, A6H7B0, A7E3W5, A8MWL6, B2RZ87, O43759, O43760, O43761, O54980, O55100, O55101, O76735, O95473, P07825, P08247, P0DI73, P20488, P22831, P47987, P79826, Q08AU7, Q08DL4, Q28793, Q2YDD6, Q5EBF8, Q5R703, Q5RER2, Q5XGR0, Q5XIT3, Q5YJC1, Q62277, Q62876, Q642A2, Q6RW13, Q7JYV2, Q7TQJ1, Q8BGN8, Q8R191, Q8TBG9

Diamond homologs: A2VE58, A7E3W5, A8MWL6, O43759, O43760, O43761, O54980, O55100, O55101, O76735, O95473, Q2YDD6, Q5R703, Q62876, Q7JYV2, Q8R191, Q9Z1L2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

56 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	45
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1470 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:39350108:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39350108:GGGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:39350109:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39350109:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:39350110:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
22:39350110:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39350111:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:39374314:AGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39374315:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39374315:GCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39374315:GCTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39374315:GCTGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39376196:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39376197:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39377684:GCC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39378740:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39381648:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:39381906:GGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:39350115:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
22:39374313:CAGCT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
22:39374314:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
22:39374315:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
22:39374552:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
22:39374553:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
22:39374554:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
22:39374557:AGCCC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
22:39376010:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
22:39376014:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
22:39376029:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
22:39376033:C:CA	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1518 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:39374517:C:A	R101S	0.999
22:39376081:T:C	F123L	0.999
22:39376083:C:A	F123L	0.999
22:39376083:C:G	F123L	0.999
22:39374391:T:C	C59R	0.998
22:39374392:G:A	C59Y	0.998
22:39374393:C:G	C59W	0.998
22:39374439:G:C	G75R	0.998
22:39374440:G:A	G75D	0.998
22:39374518:G:C	R101P	0.998
22:39374530:T:A	V105D	0.998
22:39376069:T:A	W119R	0.998
22:39376069:T:C	W119R	0.998
22:39376102:T:A	W130R	0.998
22:39376102:T:C	W130R	0.998
22:39376104:G:C	W130C	0.998
22:39376104:G:T	W130C	0.998
22:39376154:C:A	A147D	0.998
22:39376195:T:A	W161R	0.998
22:39376195:T:C	W161R	0.998
22:39374391:T:A	C59S	0.997
22:39374392:G:C	C59S	0.997
22:39374419:G:A	C68Y	0.997
22:39374420:C:G	C68W	0.997
22:39376091:T:C	L126P	0.997
22:39376100:A:C	Q129P	0.997
22:39376171:T:C	F153L	0.997
22:39376173:C:A	F153L	0.997
22:39376173:C:G	F153L	0.997
22:39374326:T:A	I37K	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000093534 (22:39363708 G>T), RS1000187654 (22:39356116 G>A), RS1000364175 (22:39385267 T>G), RS1000366268 (22:39369402 C>G), RS1000381981 (22:39385172 C>G,T), RS1000520819 (22:39355087 C>T), RS1000839721 (22:39362421 T>G), RS1000857637 (22:39381109 A>G), RS1000896780 (22:39354050 G>A), RS1000990756 (22:39360141 T>C), RS1001041211 (22:39381403 T>A,C), RS1001066819 (22:39374863 G>A,C), RS1001083284 (22:39349195 G>A), RS1001102948 (22:39351747 G>A), RS1001152590 (22:39369799 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603925 | disease phenotypes: MIM:181500

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
bipolar disorder	Limited	Autosomal dominant
schizophrenia	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (3): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), bipolar disorder (MONDO:0004985)

Orphanet (2): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Schizophrenia (Orphanet:3140)

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0100753	Schizophrenia

GWAS associations

52 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001848_106	IgG glycosylation	2.000000e-06
GCST001848_127	IgG glycosylation	6.000000e-10
GCST001848_132	IgG glycosylation	2.000000e-15
GCST001848_216	IgG glycosylation	6.000000e-16
GCST001848_290	IgG glycosylation	5.000000e-10
GCST001848_311	IgG glycosylation	3.000000e-08
GCST001848_342	IgG glycosylation	2.000000e-10
GCST001848_399	IgG glycosylation	3.000000e-13
GCST001848_428	IgG glycosylation	3.000000e-09
GCST001848_444	IgG glycosylation	2.000000e-10
GCST001848_460	IgG glycosylation	1.000000e-10
GCST001848_477	IgG glycosylation	3.000000e-09
GCST001848_563	IgG glycosylation	1.000000e-24
GCST001848_592	IgG glycosylation	1.000000e-16
GCST001848_632	IgG glycosylation	9.000000e-24
GCST001848_74	IgG glycosylation	9.000000e-06
GCST001849_3	IgG glycosylation	3.000000e-08
GCST001849_5	IgG glycosylation	2.000000e-10
GCST001849_6	IgG glycosylation	9.000000e-06
GCST002318_46	Rheumatoid arthritis	1.000000e-16
GCST002318_47	Rheumatoid arthritis	6.000000e-12
GCST002318_48	Rheumatoid arthritis	2.000000e-07
GCST002408_17	Response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis	9.000000e-08
GCST003129_13	Primary biliary cholangitis	2.000000e-11
GCST004131_35	Inflammatory bowel disease	5.000000e-24
GCST004132_19	Crohn’s disease	8.000000e-21
GCST004133_57	Ulcerative colitis	3.000000e-10
GCST004302_11	Primary biliary cholangitis	3.000000e-08
GCST004924_5	IgG monogalactosylation phenotypes (multivariate analysis)	1.000000e-06
GCST004925_5	IgG N-glycosylation phenotypes (multivariate analysis)	3.000000e-19

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005193	serum IgG glycosylation measurement
EFO:0008423	IgG monogalactosylation measurement
EFO:0008424	IgG digalactosylation measurement
EFO:0008425	IgG galactosylation measurement
EFO:0008426	IgG bisecting N-acetyl glucosamine measurement
EFO:0008427	IgG fucosylation measurement
EFO:0008428	IgG sialylation measurement
EFO:0008429	IgG disialylation measurement
EFO:0003924	hair color
EFO:0004630	factor VIII measurement
EFO:0008589	esterified cholesterol measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001714	Bipolar Disorder	F03.600.150.500
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

48 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases expression, affects expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Decitabine	affects expression, affects cotreatment	2
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

600 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00034580	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044187	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044616	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Relapse Prevention for Bipolar Type-II Disorder
NCT00045916	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression
NCT00047567	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Open-label Adjunctive Zonisamide for Bipolar Disorder
NCT00048802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment and Outcome of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder
NCT00050206	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Mania in Adolescents With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00067938	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Bipolar Study in Adults at Least 18 Years of Age
NCT00071253	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Depakote Monotherapy, Olanzapine Monotherapy, and Combination Therapy of Depakote Plus Olanzapine in Stable Subjects During the Maintenance Phase of Bipolar Illness
NCT00094549	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine vs. Comparator and Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00139074	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Seroquel in Acute Mania: Study to Investigate if Valproate Add-On Therapy is Superior to Quetiapine Monotherapy in Acutely Manic Patients
NCT00139594	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open Label Extension Study of Licarbazepine in the Treatment of Manic Episodes of Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00154323	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Oxcarbazepine 300-1200 mg/Day as Adjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder I or II This Study is Not Being Conducted in the United States.
NCT00167479	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Risperidone Monotherapy in Bipolar Anxiety
NCT00177567	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Geriatric Bipolar Mood Disorders: A Pilot Study
NCT00181727	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Depakote ER for the Treatment of Mania in Children Ages 6-12 With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181779	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Mania in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181844	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Lamotrigine for the Treatment of Mania in Youth Ages 6-17 With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181870	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Equetro for the Treatment of Mania in Children Ages 6-12 With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181883	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Quetiapine for Mania In Preschool Children 4 to 6 Years of Age With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181896	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Bupropion SR for Major Depression and Depression NOS in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181922	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ziprasidone for the Treatment of Mania in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181935	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Versus Olanzapine for Mania in Preschool Children 4 to 6 Years of Age With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00181987	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Concerta in the Treatment of ADHD in Youth and Adults With Bipolar Disorder
NCT00183469	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Depression
NCT00186017	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Short Term Rescue Study of Olanzapine
NCT00188643	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Venlafaxine Versus Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Bipolar I/II Depression
NCT00190892	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Plus Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Bipolar I Mania
NCT00191997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Optimal Length of Treatment Continuation With Olanzapine After Remission of Manic or Mixed Episode
NCT00194038	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole in Late Life Bipolar Disorder
NCT00195845	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Galantamine to Improve Cognitive Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder
NCT00198198	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole Treatment of Bipolar Depression
NCT00199966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety And Efficacy Study Of Depakote ER To Treat Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
NCT00202293	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Combination Olanzapine+Lithium or Chlorpromazine+Lithium in Treatment of First Manic Episode With Psychotic Features
NCT00202306	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Indicated Prevention of Psychotic Disorders With Low-dose Lithium
NCT00203528	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex ER vs. Risperidone for Bipolar Disorder With Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00203567	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Carbamazepine Extended-Release for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression
NCT00205699	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Metabolic Effects of Antipsychotics in Children
NCT00208169	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Abilify Therapy for Reducing Comorbid Substance Abuse
NCT00208195	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Depakote ER Therapy for Mania Comorbid With Substance Abuse