TAL2

Summary

TAL2 (TAL bHLH transcription factor 2, HGNC:11557) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q31.2, encoding T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 2 (Q16559).

This intronless gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 9 and the T-cell receptor beta-chain locus on chromosome 7 have been associated with activation of the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 2 gene and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Source: NCBI Gene 6887 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 9 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 3
• Cancer driver (intOGen): activating (oncogene-like) across 1 cancer types
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005421

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11557
Approved symbol	TAL2
Name	TAL bHLH transcription factor 2
Location	9q31.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	bHLHa19
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000186051
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	186855
Entrez	6887

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000334077

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005421 NM_005421

CCDS: CCDS6767

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000334077 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001336146	105662457	105663124

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 138 present calls, max score 89.12.

Top tissues by expression

239 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	89.12	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	86.55	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	86.11	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	82.42	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	80.14	silver quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	78.80	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	77.42	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	74.75	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	74.63	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	73.63	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	73.22	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	72.37	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	72.23	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	70.61	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	69.78	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	68.75	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	68.61	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	67.98	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	67.61	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	67.29	silver quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	66.79	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	66.74	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	66.74	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	66.57	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	66.49	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	66.15	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	66.00	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	65.98	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	65.72	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	65.70	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.61

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): SPI1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting TAL2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-34C-5P	99.97	70.45	1577
HSA-MIR-449B-5P	99.97	70.26	1580
HSA-MIR-515-5P	99.92	69.82	2343
HSA-MIR-519E-5P	99.92	69.62	2358
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P	99.78	71.12	3085
HSA-MIR-548F-5P	99.78	71.02	3093
HSA-MIR-548G-5P	99.78	71.12	3085
HSA-MIR-548X-5P	99.78	71.12	3085
HSA-MIR-1290	99.59	69.90	2079
HSA-MIR-519D-5P	99.41	69.30	2057
HSA-MIR-1264	99.25	66.81	1317
HSA-MIR-4292	99.16	65.57	1767
HSA-MIR-6791-5P	99.16	65.92	1844
HSA-MIR-6815-3P	99.13	68.98	1530
HSA-MIR-11399	98.71	65.69	869
HSA-MIR-6840-3P	98.68	65.95	1923
HSA-MIR-518C-5P	98.53	69.20	1640
HSA-MIR-3187-5P	98.36	65.74	1776
HSA-MIR-876-5P	97.99	68.49	1345
HSA-MIR-490-3P	97.79	65.54	606
HSA-MIR-1285-3P	97.72	67.02	1932
HSA-MIR-5189-5P	97.72	66.96	1814
HSA-MIR-3173-5P	97.35	65.82	1282
HSA-MIR-6799-3P	97.35	65.60	1302
HSA-MIR-612	97.26	65.95	1597
HSA-MIR-6860	97.21	66.31	1656
HSA-MIR-514A-5P	96.94	65.49	801
HSA-MIR-7976	95.75	65.67	1186

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• Activation of the TAL2 gene in T-ALL. (PMID:12567187)
• low expression of TAL2 and EGF was observed in human epithelial ovarian cancer (PMID:21971700)
• the expression control of Tal2 in hematopoietic cells (PMID:24086757)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tal2	ENSDARG00000042041
mus_musculus	Tal2	ENSMUSG00000028417
rattus_norvegicus	Tal2	ENSRNOG00000028082

Paralogs (4): LYL1 (ENSG00000104903), TAL1 (ENSG00000162367), NHLH1 (ENSG00000171786), NHLH2 (ENSG00000177551)

Protein

Protein identifiers

T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 2 — Q16559 (reviewed: Q16559)

Alternative names: Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 19

All UniProt accessions (1): Q16559

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Disease relevance. A chromosomal aberration involving TAL2 may be a cause of some T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Translocation t(7;9)(q34;q32) with TCRB.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005412* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR011598	bHLH_dom	Domain
IPR036638	HLH_DNA-bd_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040238	TAL-like	Family

Pfam: PF00010

UniProt features (3 total): chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q16559-F1	79.17	0.56

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 85 (showing top): GOBP_GROWTH, KONG_E2F3_TARGETS, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GOBP_FOREBRAIN_DEVELOPMENT, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_NEUROEPITHELIUM_DN, GOBP_MIDBRAIN_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM_GROWTH, GOBP_HEAD_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_DIENCEPHALON_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_THALAMUS_DEVELOPMENT, HAND1E47_01, YY1_01, GOBP_POST_EMBRYONIC_DEVELOPMENT, GOMF_PROTEIN_DIMERIZATION_ACTIVITY, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH

GO Biological Process (5): regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), post-embryonic development (GO:0009791), thalamus development (GO:0021794), midbrain development (GO:0030901), multicellular organism growth (GO:0035264)

GO Molecular Function (5): RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): chromatin (GO:0000785)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
multicellular organismal process	2
anatomical structure development	2
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
multicellular organism development	1
diencephalon development	1
brain development	1
developmental growth	1
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1
chromatin	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
nucleic acid binding	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
chromosome	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

518 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAL2	LMO1	P25800	863
TAL2	LMO2	P25791	816
TAL2	TCF3	P15883	762
TAL2	TLX1	P31314	672
TAL2	OLIG2	Q13516	668
TAL2	TLX3	O43711	653
TAL2	LDB1	Q86U70	604
TAL2	GATA1	P15976	598
TAL2	GATA2	P23769	594
TAL2	LDB2	O43679	569
TAL2	EPB42	P16452	549
TAL2	HELT	A6NFD8	504
TAL2	TMEM38B	Q9NVV0	497
TAL2	IER5	Q5VY09	496
TAL2	MPDZ	O75970	492

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TCF4	TAL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TAL2	TCF4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
TAL2	TCF12	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
LMO2	TAL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RUNX1T1	TAL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TAL2	PCBD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TAL2	CBFA2T2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TAL1	PRPF40A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (13): TCF4 (Two-hybrid), TAL2 (Two-hybrid), TCF4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SCCPDH (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF3 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF12 (Affinity Capture-MS), LMO1 (Two-hybrid), LMO2 (Two-hybrid), TAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TAL2 (Two-hybrid), TCF12 (Two-hybrid), CBFA2T2 (Two-hybrid), PCBD2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A8E5T6, O13125, O13126, O35437, O43680, O57598, O60682, O73615, O88940, P12979, P13903, P15173, P15375, P19335, P23409, P34060, P41133, P41138, P49812, P59101, P70562, P70661, P79782, P97831, Q01795, Q02535, Q02576, Q02577, Q16559, Q20561, Q32PV5, Q3YFL6, Q5E981, Q5E9S3, Q62282, Q6GNB7, Q6VNZ9, Q712G9, Q7YS80, Q8AW52

Diamond homologs: A8E5T6, B6VQA1, O13125, O13126, O16867, O35437, O42202, O42606, O43680, O57598, O60682, O73615, O73823, O88940, O93507, O96004, O96642, P13903, P17542, P22091, P24899, P26687, P46581, P48985, P48987, P57100, P57101, P57102, P59101, P61295, P61296, P70661, P79765, P79782, P97831, P97832, Q02575, Q02576, Q02577, Q0VCE2

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SPI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	TAL2	“transcriptional regulation”
“all-trans-retinoic acid”	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	TAL2

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: activating (oncogene-like) across 1 cancer types — GBM.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

9 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	9
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

136 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:105662574:G:GT	donor_gain	0.7900
9:105662608:C:G	donor_gain	0.7400
9:105662720:TGGGG:T	acceptor_gain	0.6300
9:105662640:G:GT	donor_gain	0.6200
9:105662569:C:G	donor_gain	0.5900
9:105662643:GTAT:G	donor_gain	0.5700
9:105662505:G:GT	donor_gain	0.5600
9:105662644:T:A	donor_gain	0.5400
9:105662721:GGGGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.5400
9:105662735:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.5300
9:105662640:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.5200
9:105662643:G:GG	donor_gain	0.5100
9:105662802:TCC:T	donor_gain	0.4900
9:105662927:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.4900
9:105662639:TGAG:T	donor_loss	0.4800
9:105662641:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	0.4800
9:105662642:GGTA:G	donor_loss	0.4800
9:105662643:G:GA	donor_loss	0.4800
9:105662896:TTCCA:T	donor_gain	0.4800
9:105662695:G:GT	donor_gain	0.4700
9:105662607:GC:G	donor_gain	0.4500
9:105662641:AGGT:A	donor_gain	0.4500
9:105662845:C:CA	acceptor_gain	0.4500
9:105662923:TGAAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.4500
9:105662642:GGT:G	donor_gain	0.4400
9:105662901:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.4400
9:105662832:TGG:T	acceptor_gain	0.4200
9:105662900:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.4200
9:105662901:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.4200
9:105662901:GAGTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.4200

AlphaMissense

705 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:105662615:A:T	K40I	0.999
9:105662616:A:C	K40N	0.999
9:105662616:A:T	K40N	0.999
9:105662537:G:C	R14T	0.998
9:105662537:G:T	R14M	0.998
9:105662538:G:C	R14S	0.998
9:105662538:G:T	R14S	0.998
9:105662560:T:C	F22L	0.998
9:105662562:T:A	F22L	0.998
9:105662562:T:G	F22L	0.998
9:105662570:T:C	L25P	0.997
9:105662614:A:G	K40E	0.997
9:105662627:T:A	L44H	0.997
9:105662627:T:C	L44P	0.996
9:105662635:G:C	A47P	0.996
9:105662561:T:C	F22S	0.995
9:105662561:T:G	F22C	0.995
9:105662584:C:T	P30S	0.995
9:105662612:G:T	S39I	0.995
9:105662614:A:C	K40Q	0.995
9:105662615:A:C	K40T	0.995
9:105662573:G:C	R26T	0.994
9:105662573:G:T	R26M	0.994
9:105662579:T:C	L28P	0.994
9:105662585:C:A	P30H	0.994
9:105662536:A:G	R14G	0.993
9:105662570:T:A	L25Q	0.993
9:105662574:G:C	R26S	0.993
9:105662574:G:T	R26S	0.993
9:105662611:A:C	S39R	0.993

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001649415 (9:105661684 T>A,C), RS1001701484 (9:105661946 C>A,G), RS1002036681 (9:105663080 CTT>C), RS1004313639 (9:105663039 G>A), RS1006768477 (9:105663553 G>A), RS1007940722 (9:105662417 A>G), RS1008018671 (9:105661016 G>A), RS1008789989 (9:105660957 C>G), RS1009581686 (9:105660641 C>A,G,T), RS1010048900 (9:105663526 C>T), RS1011020911 (9:105661940 C>T), RS1012647690 (9:105661319 T>A,C), RS1012680701 (9:105661510 C>A,T), RS1013681919 (9:105660467 G>A), RS1014044488 (9:105660646 C>A,G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:186855 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

3 total (3 of 3 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0001442	Typified by somatic mosaicism
HP:0006721	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
HP:0010982	Polygenic inheritance

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000404_1	Menarche (age at onset)	2.000000e-09
GCST000579_56	Cognitive performance	3.000000e-06
GCST001524_14	Visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio	4.000000e-06
GCST003061_4	Cutaneous malignant melanoma	7.000000e-11
GCST004142_1	Melanoma	7.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004703	age at menarche
EFO:0003926	neuropsychological test
EFO:0004767	visceral:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, affects response to substance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.