TAMALIN

Summary

TAMALIN (trafficking regulator and scaffold protein tamalin, HGNC:18707) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q13.13, encoding Protein TAMALIN (Q7Z6J2). Plays a role in intracellular trafficking and contributes to the macromolecular organization of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) at synapses.

This gene encodes a protein that functions as a molecular scaffold, linking receptors, including group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, to neuronal proteins. The encoded protein contains conserved domains, including a leucine zipper sequence, PDZ domain and a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 160622 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 88 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_181711

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18707
Approved symbol	TAMALIN
Name	trafficking regulator and scaffold protein tamalin
Location	12q13.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000161835
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612027
Entrez	160622

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 3 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000293662, ENST00000546756, ENST00000547749, ENST00000548505, ENST00000550809, ENST00000552049, ENST00000552508, ENST00000552963

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_181711 NM_001271856, NM_181711

CCDS: CCDS61124, CCDS8817

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000293662 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001060706	52009190	52009239
ENSE00001328100	52006946	52007265
ENSE00001483521	52014694	52015889
ENSE00003460491	52013687	52013780
ENSE00003569538	52013877	52013943
ENSE00003585956	52010881	52010935
ENSE00003643984	52014135	52014201
ENSE00003678666	52011039	52011141

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 239 present calls, max score 99.10.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 23.5916 / max 1936.9717, expressed in 1255 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
125540	22.9479	1181
125542	0.6436	420

Top tissues by expression

252 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	99.10	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	98.22	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	98.01	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	96.83	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	96.70	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	96.42	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	96.39	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	96.38	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	96.38	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	95.78	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	95.28	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	94.56	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	94.48	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	94.38	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.26	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	94.17	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	93.93	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	93.91	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	93.87	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	93.87	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	93.48	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	93.48	silver quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	93.48	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	93.40	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	93.29	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	93.18	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	93.14	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	93.11	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	92.95	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	92.88	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	12.25

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

36 targeting TAMALIN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-5698	99.97	68.49	2029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P	99.97	68.48	2062
HSA-MIR-3065-3P	99.87	70.25	1407
HSA-MIR-629-3P	99.85	67.99	1875
HSA-MIR-4713-5P	99.78	67.80	1794
HSA-MIR-320A-3P	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320B	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320C	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320D	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-4429	99.77	69.62	2111
HSA-MIR-7160-5P	99.11	67.17	2207
HSA-MIR-6814-5P	99.03	66.68	1273
HSA-MIR-6801-3P	98.04	64.64	805
HSA-MIR-6810-3P	97.96	64.57	1023
HSA-MIR-6787-5P	97.54	63.85	457
HSA-MIR-4771	97.43	67.69	596
HSA-MIR-939-5P	97.10	65.80	1579

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

• The crystal structures of the autoinhibitory PDZ domain of Tamalin has implications for the regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking. (PMID:17396155)
• protein-protein interaction mediated by ARNO coiled-coil domain required for ARNO induced motility; coiled-coil domain promotes assembly of multiprotein complex containing ARNO and Dock180; assembly of complex requires coiled-coil domain, GRASP and IPCEF (PMID:20016009)
• the structural basis of the phosphoinhibition of GRASP-mediated membrane tethering and provide a mechanism for its allosteric regulation. (PMID:22523075)
• GRASP regulates the non-clathrin/Arf6-dependent, plasma membrane recycling and signalling pathways. (PMID:22931251)
• GRASP bridges the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Arf and Rac, thereby promoting Arf-to-Rac signaling By binding to both cytohesin 2/ARNO and Dock180. (PMID:23441967)
• myristoylated GRASP promoted tethering and exhibited a unique membrane complex. Thus, myristoylation restricts the membrane orientation of the GRASP domain favoring interactions in trans for membrane tethering. (PMID:24505136)
• Schizophrenia subjects compared to controls showed a marked increase in CA1 hippocampal Norbin, and Tamalin proteins (47% and 34% respectively), which are endogenous regulators of mGluR5 signalling and trafficking (PMID:26048293)
• The post-synaptic scaffolding protein tamalin regulates ligand-mediated trafficking of metabotropic glutamate receptors. (PMID:32376687)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tamalin	ENSDARG00000000588
mus_musculus	Tamalin	ENSMUSG00000000531
rattus_norvegicus	Tamalin	ENSRNOG00000007346
drosophila_melanogaster	ssp6	FBGN0035676
caenorhabditis_elegans	gras-1	WBGENE00009272

Paralogs (1): CYTIP (ENSG00000115165)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein TAMALIN — Q7Z6J2 (reviewed: Q7Z6J2)

Alternative names: General receptor for phosphoinositides 1-associated scaffold protein

All UniProt accessions (2): Q7Z6J2, F8VRX5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in intracellular trafficking and contributes to the macromolecular organization of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) at synapses.

Subunit / interactions. Heteromer. Composed of TAMALIN, CYTH2 and at least one GRM1. Also interacts with CYTH3, GRM2, GRM3 and GRM5.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Perinuclear region. Cell membrane. Postsynaptic cell membrane.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q7Z6J2-1	1	yes
Q7Z6J2-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001258785, NP_859062* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001478	PDZ	Domain
IPR036034	PDZ_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR052122	Intracell_Traff_Signaling_Reg	Family

Pfam: PF00595

UniProt features (23 total): modified residue 5, strand 5, region of interest 3, compositionally biased region 3, splice variant 2, helix 2, chain 1, domain 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2PNT	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.15

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q7Z6J2-F1	61.45	0.19

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 237, 270, 387, 77, 94

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 151 (showing top): GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOMF_GTPASE_BINDING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GTGCCTT_MIR506, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RECEPTOR_INTERNALIZATION, ATF1_Q6, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RECEPTOR_MEDIATED_ENDOCYTOSIS, GOBP_RECEPTOR_INTERNALIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ENDOCYTOSIS, RFX1_02, AML1_01, CCAGGGG_MIR331, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TRANSPORT

GO Biological Process (2): signal transduction (GO:0007165), regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization (GO:0099149)

GO Molecular Function (4): PDZ domain binding (GO:0030165), small GTPase binding (GO:0031267), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020), synapse (GO:0045202)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
regulation of receptor internalization	1
regulation of biological quality	1
postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization	1
protein domain specific binding	1
GTPase binding	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
asymmetric synapse	1
postsynaptic specialization	1
synaptic membrane	1
postsynapse	1
cytoplasm	1
synapse	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

696 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAMALIN	CYTH2	Q99418	981
TAMALIN	NTRK3	Q16288	894
TAMALIN	CYTH3	O43739	864
TAMALIN	APBA2	Q99767	840
TAMALIN	DLG4	P78352	801
TAMALIN	DLGAP3	O95886	784
TAMALIN	NCDN	Q9UBB6	774
TAMALIN	MAGI2	Q86UL8	769
TAMALIN	GRM5	P41594	721
TAMALIN	PEX5L	Q8IYB4	685
TAMALIN	RGS12	O14924	683
TAMALIN	FLNA	P21333	679
TAMALIN	GRM1	Q13255	639
TAMALIN	CYTH1	Q15438	623
TAMALIN	RABIF	P47224	619

IntAct

550 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TAMALIN	ACE2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
TAMALIN	ACE2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
TAMALIN	PTEN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	SNX27	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	MAST2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
FCHSD2	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
CACNA1D	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SLC22A11	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
YAP1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SLC1A1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
WWTR1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	SLC15A5	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	PDZK1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	SHANK3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
PLEKHH2	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
PRKCA	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SHANK1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GNG4	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	NHERF2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
APC	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
OR8G1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
BCR	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SHROOM3	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SLC22A9	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
RCN2	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
RAPGEF2	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
MAST1	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAMALIN	PTPN3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ATP2A2	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SLC5A12	TAMALIN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

BioGRID (19): PSD (Affinity Capture-Western), SRC (Affinity Capture-Western), PTPN11 (Affinity Capture-Western), GRM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), GRASP (Biochemical Activity), GRASP (Biochemical Activity), SYK (Affinity Capture-Western), GRASP (Affinity Capture-Western), DOCK1 (Reconstituted Complex), GRASP (FRET), GRASP (Protein-peptide), GRASP (Affinity Capture-Western), GRASP (Affinity Capture-MS), GRASP (Affinity Capture-MS), GRASP (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8I5KY20, A2A9T0, A2IDD5, B0BNK9, B8ZZ34, C9JI98, C9JLR9, F5GYI3, O18734, P0CG25, P84157, Q0IIA6, Q0PHV7, Q0X0E2, Q13387, Q1RMK9, Q2M3D2, Q2TAM9, Q3ZCQ3, Q4VA45, Q673H1, Q69YZ2, Q6NS60, Q6P6N5, Q6PJ61, Q7Z6J2, Q80ZJ8, Q810I0, Q86SX3, Q86UD0, Q86XT2, Q8BNN1, Q8IUW3, Q8N4Y2, Q8N6N2, Q8QZV0, Q8R4T5, Q8TF61, Q8VCR9, Q8WXF8

Diamond homologs: A1A5G4, A5PKA5, A8JQ65, A8MUH7, B3LXF2, B3NYS4, B4I4Y1, B4JHJ7, B4K6T8, B4PRE2, B4R0A5, B7WN72, D3YXJ0, D3YZU1, E9PUQ8, O14745, O43639, O55033, O55043, P15498, P16333, P27870, P54100, P70441, Q08DN7, Q14155, Q15052, Q15599, Q16760, Q28619, Q3SZK8, Q3T0X8, Q3UHD6, Q4ACU6, Q4R6G4, Q52KW0, Q570Y9, Q5F488, Q5RCF7, Q5T2W1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 190 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Trafficking of AMPA receptors	5	22.1×	5e-04
Neurexins and neuroligins	8	12.8×	1e-04
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission	8	6.5×	3e-03
Transmission across Chemical Synapses	9	5.6×	3e-03
Neuronal System	14	5.0×	2e-04

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	7	25.0×	8e-06
obsolete organic anion transport	5	22.9×	6e-04
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	5	16.6×	2e-03
adult behavior	6	16.1×	6e-04
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	5	15.1×	3e-03
synapse organization	9	14.4×	8e-06
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	5	14.2×	3e-03
synapse assembly	8	10.6×	4e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

88 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	80
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1504 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:52010869:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52010877:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:52010878:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:52010879:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52010880:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52010880:GGAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52010880:GGAAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013681:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013682:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013682:GGCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:52013684:CAGG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:52013685:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013685:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013685:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013685:AGGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013686:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013686:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013686:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013686:GGGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013777:TCAGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013778:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013779:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013780:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013781:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013782:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:52013869:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013875:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013875:AGACT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013876:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:52013876:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2478 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:52010924:T:C	F114L	1.000
12:52010925:T:C	F114S	1.000
12:52010926:T:A	F114L	1.000
12:52010926:T:G	F114L	1.000
12:52011091:T:A	V135D	1.000
12:52011133:T:C	L149P	1.000
12:52013696:T:A	I155N	1.000
12:52013705:T:A	V158D	1.000
12:52013756:T:A	I175N	1.000
12:52013918:T:C	L197P	1.000
12:52013930:T:C	L201P	1.000
12:52013939:T:C	L204P	1.000
12:52014172:T:C	L218P	1.000
12:52010918:T:C	F112L	0.999
12:52010920:C:A	F112L	0.999
12:52010920:C:G	F112L	0.999
12:52010921:G:C	G113R	0.999
12:52010922:G:T	G113V	0.999
12:52010931:T:A	I116N	0.999
12:52010931:T:C	I116T	0.999
12:52010931:T:G	I116S	0.999
12:52010934:A:C	Q117P	0.999
12:52011040:C:T	T118I	0.999
12:52011042:T:G	Y119D	0.999
12:52011046:G:A	G120D	0.999
12:52011087:T:C	F134L	0.999
12:52011089:T:A	F134L	0.999
12:52011089:T:G	F134L	0.999
12:52011100:T:A	V138D	0.999
12:52011118:C:A	A144D	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000183216 (12:52009771 G>C), RS1000525479 (12:52008168 T>C), RS1000527770 (12:52015510 C>T), RS1000719644 (12:52008555 TG>T), RS1000823845 (12:52015296 G>A), RS1001041457 (12:52008418 C>A), RS1001173134 (12:52008291 G>A), RS1001187300 (12:52011394 C>T), RS1001303436 (12:52011757 A>T), RS1001774344 (12:52015925 T>C), RS1002074883 (12:52009080 G>A), RS1002159028 (12:52014338 C>G,T), RS1002885157 (12:52005270 G>A), RS1003025775 (12:52007823 G>A), RS1003517478 (12:52013000 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612027 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (1): Microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma (Orphanet:98555)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002491_14	Age-related hearing impairment	5.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

18 total (human), top 18 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
afuresertib	increases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
abrine	increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	increases expression	1
Arsenic	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Copper	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Disulfiram	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Nickel	increases expression	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.