TARM1

Summary

TARM1 (T cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells 1, HGNC:37250) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.42, encoding T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 (B6A8C7). May act as receptor.

Enables immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. Located in plasma membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 441864 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 42 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001135686

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:37250
Approved symbol	TARM1
Name	T cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells 1
Location	19q13.42
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000248385
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	616802
Entrez	441864

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000432826, ENST00000616041

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001135686 NM_001135686, NM_001330650

CCDS: CCDS46173, CCDS82395

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000432826 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001605638	54081307	54081365
ENSE00002204018	54074824	54075114
ENSE00002265916	54073920	54074216
ENSE00003087520	54075883	54075918
ENSE00003724761	54069895	54070160

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 24 present calls, max score 80.46.

Top tissues by expression

120 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	80.46	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	76.07	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	73.07	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	63.15	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	62.77	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	61.30	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	59.38	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	43.60	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	41.90	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	40.73	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	36.32	silver quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	36.10	silver quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	35.56	silver quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	34.01	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	33.38	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	32.33	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	30.76	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	30.33	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	29.89	silver quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.88	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	29.29	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	29.20	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	28.89	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	28.19	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	27.66	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.29

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• These results suggest that a putative T cell ligand can interact with TARM1 receptor, resulting in bidirectional signaling and raising the T cell activation threshold while costimulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils. (PMID:26311901)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Tarm1	ENSMUSG00000053338
rattus_norvegicus	Tarm1	ENSRNOG00000055581

Paralogs (25): GP6 (ENSG00000088053), LILRB1 (ENSG00000104972), LILRA1 (ENSG00000104974), LILRB5 (ENSG00000105609), A1BG (ENSG00000121410), KIR2DL1 (ENSG00000125498), LILRB2 (ENSG00000131042), IGSF1 (ENSG00000147255), LAIR2 (ENSG00000167618), KIR3DL1 (ENSG00000167633), OSCAR (ENSG00000170909), FCAR (ENSG00000186431), LILRB4 (ENSG00000186818), LILRA5 (ENSG00000187116), KIR2DL4 (ENSG00000189013), VSTM1 (ENSG00000189068), NCR1 (ENSG00000189430), LILRB3 (ENSG00000204577), KIR2DS4 (ENSG00000221957), LILRA4 (ENSG00000239961), LILRA2 (ENSG00000239998), KIR3DL2 (ENSG00000240403), KIR3DL3 (ENSG00000242019), KIR2DL3 (ENSG00000243772), LILRA6 (ENSG00000244482)

Protein

Protein identifiers

T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 — B6A8C7 (reviewed: B6A8C7)

Alternative names: OSCAR-like transcript-2 protein

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A087X1Q6, B6A8C7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May act as receptor. Negatively regulates TCR-mediated CD4(+) T cell proliferation and activation, possibly by binding an unknown ligand on the T cell surface. Enhances Toll-like receptor-mediated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with Fc receptor gamma chain FCER1G.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in fetal and adult liver, lung, testis, thymus and spleen. Expressed in blood neutrophils.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
B6A8C7-1	1	yes
B6A8C7-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001129158, NP_001317579 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050412	Ig-like_Receptors_ImmuneReg	Family

Pfam: PF13895

UniProt features (14 total): sequence variant 3, topological domain 2, domain 2, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, transmembrane region 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-B6A8C7-F1	84.69	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 49–97, 146–196

Glycosylation sites (1): 44

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-168249	Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256	Immune System

MSigDB gene sets: 62 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_PROCESS, GOBP_CD4_POSITIVE_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CD4_POSITIVE_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_T_CELL_PROLIFERATION

GO Biological Process (5): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), immune response-regulating signaling pathway (GO:0002764), innate immune response (GO:0045087), negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation (GO:2000515), immune system process (GO:0002376)

GO Molecular Function (1): immunoglobulin receptor binding (GO:0034987)

GO Cellular Component (4): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), specific granule membrane (GO:0035579), tertiary granule membrane (GO:0070821), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	1
Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
immune response	2
secretory granule membrane	2
signal transduction	1
regulation of immune response	1
defense response to symbiont	1
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	1
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation	1
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	1
biological_process	1
signaling receptor binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
specific granule	1
tertiary granule	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

302 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TARM1	LENG9	Q96B70	413
TARM1	TFPT	P0C1Z6	402
TARM1	PITHD1	Q9GZP4	374
TARM1	LENG8	Q96PV6	360
TARM1	ACOD1	A6NK06	357
TARM1	CDC42EP5	Q6NZY7	321
TARM1	ARHGAP40	Q5TG30	321
TARM1	FNDC10	F2Z333	317
TARM1	BSPH1	Q075Z2	305
TARM1	MILR1	Q7Z6M3	305
TARM1	NDUFA3	O95167	299
TARM1	RFPL4A	A6NLU0	291
TARM1	UNC93A	Q86WB7	283
TARM1	RABGEF1	Q9UJ41	273
TARM1	DXO	O77932	262

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TARM1	BTN1A1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
FCGR2A	TARM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
OSCAR	TARM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TARM1	ROBO4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0B4J1G0, A0A0G2KBC9, A3RFZ7, B6A8C7, B6A8R8, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, E2RP87, G1T7E7, G1TR84, H0VDZ8, M3XWH1, O75015, P08101, P08508, P08637, P0DTI4, P12314, P12318, P12319, P13598, P24071, P26151, P27645, P31994, P31995, P35330, P43631, P43632, P79107, P97484, Q09TM2, Q09TM4, Q14952, Q14953, Q14954, Q28942, Q3B8P2, Q5NKV1, Q5NKV2

Diamond homologs: B6A8C7, B6A8R8, O75022, O75023, P04217, P0C191, P24071, P43628, P43629, P43630, P59901, P83555, P97484, Q14943, Q2KJF1, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q6UX27, Q7TQA1, Q8IYS5, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N109, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C5, Q8N6C8, Q8N743, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHK3, Q8NHL6, Q8VBT3, Q925N6, Q9H7L2, Q9HCN6, A6NI73, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, O75019

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

42 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	36
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

853 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:54070161:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54073914:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54073915:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54073916:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54073917:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54073919:CCTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54070157:GGAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54070158:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54070159:AAC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:54070160:AC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:54072333:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54073919:CCTGT:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54073921:TGTC:T	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54074213:TGTC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54074217:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54074217:CTGTA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:54074218:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:54074823:CCTG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54070159:AA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54072330:CAGT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54072333:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54073918:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
19:54073919:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9800
19:54074178:CCCTT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54074219:G:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:54070156:GGGAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:54072309:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:54074090:GCCTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9600
19:54074091:CCTTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9600
19:54074108:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9600

AlphaMissense

1726 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:54074036:A:C	F181C	0.973
19:54074035:G:C	F181L	0.970
19:54074035:G:T	F181L	0.970
19:54074037:A:G	F181L	0.970
19:54074939:A:C	F82L	0.967
19:54074939:A:T	F82L	0.967
19:54074941:A:G	F82L	0.967
19:54074104:G:C	F158L	0.963
19:54074104:G:T	F158L	0.963
19:54074106:A:G	F158L	0.963
19:54074141:C:G	C146S	0.963
19:54074142:A:T	C146S	0.963
19:54074901:T:C	Y95C	0.963
19:54075039:C:G	C49S	0.963
19:54075040:A:T	C49S	0.963
19:54074849:A:C	S112R	0.962
19:54074849:A:T	S112R	0.962
19:54074851:T:G	S112R	0.962
19:54074901:T:G	Y95S	0.962
19:54073945:A:C	S211R	0.958
19:54073945:A:T	S211R	0.958
19:54073947:T:G	S211R	0.958
19:54073963:G:C	F205L	0.950
19:54073963:G:T	F205L	0.950
19:54073965:A:G	F205L	0.950
19:54073991:C:G	C196S	0.948
19:54073992:A:T	C196S	0.948
19:54074850:C:A	S112I	0.947
19:54074902:A:C	Y95D	0.944
19:54074036:A:G	F181S	0.943

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000021578 (19:54074856 T>A), RS1000101748 (19:54081174 C>G,T), RS1000152323 (19:54080920 C>T), RS1000456660 (19:54074586 A>G), RS1000490669 (19:54079239 G>C), RS1001617358 (19:54081199 G>A), RS1001987026 (19:54079820 T>G), RS1002039215 (19:54079590 G>A), RS1002620100 (19:54082342 C>A,G), RS1002649800 (19:54082683 G>A), RS1003650922 (19:54071396 G>A), RS1003864179 (19:54077066 G>A), RS1004000048 (19:54076754 G>A), RS1004052662 (19:54076502 A>G), RS1004272618 (19:54071637 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616802 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

5 total (human), top 5 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_F1UF	HyCyte THP-1 KO-hTARM1	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.