TAS2R10

Summary

TAS2R10 (taste 2 receptor member 10, HGNC:14918) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p13.2, encoding Taste receptor type 2 member 10 (Q9NYW0). Gustducin-coupled strychnine receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract.

This gene product belongs to the family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These proteins are specifically expressed in the taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. They are organized in the genome in clusters and are genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception in mice and humans. In functional expression studies, they respond to bitter tastants. This gene maps to the taste receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12p13.

Source: NCBI Gene 50839 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 47 total
• Druggable target: yes — 2 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_023921

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14918
Approved symbol	TAS2R10
Name	taste 2 receptor member 10
Location	12p13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	T2R10, TRB2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000121318
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604791
Entrez	50839

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000240619

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_023921 NM_023921

CCDS: CCDS8634

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000240619 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000821987	10825219	10826358

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 118 present calls, max score 63.49.

Top tissues by expression

129 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	63.49	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	63.41	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	63.23	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	61.49	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	59.73	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	59.38	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	58.62	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	57.66	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	56.92	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	56.60	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	55.12	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	53.84	silver quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	53.54	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	52.68	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	52.53	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	51.75	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	51.74	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	51.44	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	51.26	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	51.11	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	51.08	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	50.65	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	50.62	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	50.23	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	50.23	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	50.06	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	49.97	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	49.92	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	49.80	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	49.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• The human bitter taste receptor TAS2R10 is tailored to accommodate numerous diverse ligands (PMID:23283334)
• targets cancer stem cells by suppressing cancer stemness characteristics and neuroblastoma cell invasion (PMID:28467517)

Cross-species orthologs

10 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Tas2r105	ENSMUSG00000051153
mus_musculus	Tas2r107	ENSMUSG00000053389
mus_musculus	Tas2r106	ENSMUSG00000057754
mus_musculus	Tas2r104	ENSMUSG00000061977
mus_musculus	Tas2r114	ENSMUSG00000063478
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r107	ENSRNOG00000005646
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r105	ENSRNOG00000005664
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r114	ENSRNOG00000005692
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r106	ENSRNOG00000031185
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r104	ENSRNOG00000032448

Paralogs (23): TAS2R8 (ENSG00000121314), TAS2R7 (ENSG00000121377), TAS2R9 (ENSG00000121381), TAS2R3 (ENSG00000127362), TAS2R4 (ENSG00000127364), TAS2R5 (ENSG00000127366), TAS2R16 (ENSG00000128519), TAS2R1 (ENSG00000169777), TAS2R60 (ENSG00000185899), TAS2R42 (ENSG00000186136), TAS2R19 (ENSG00000212124), TAS2R50 (ENSG00000212126), TAS2R14 (ENSG00000212127), TAS2R13 (ENSG00000212128), TAS2R41 (ENSG00000221855), TAS2R40 (ENSG00000221937), TAS2R46 (ENSG00000226761), TAS2R39 (ENSG00000236398), TAS2R43 (ENSG00000255374), TAS2R20 (ENSG00000255837), TAS2R30 (ENSG00000256188), TAS2R31 (ENSG00000256436), TAS2R38 (ENSG00000257138)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Taste receptor type 2 member 10 — Q9NYW0 (reviewed: Q9NYW0)

Alternative names: Taste receptor family B member 2

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9NYW0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Gustducin-coupled strychnine receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelium and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.

Miscellaneous. Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single taste receptor cell.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_076410* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007960	TAS2R	Family

Pfam: PF05296

UniProt features (19 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NYW0-F1	87.06	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (2): 92, 158

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

9 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
R-HSA-9717207	Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-9709957	Sensory Perception
R-HSA-9717189	Sensory perception of taste

MSigDB gene sets: 34 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_BITTER_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_BITTER_TASTE, PTEN_DN.V1_DN, GSE11864_CSF1_VS_CSF1_PAM3CYS_IN_MAC_UP, OSMAN_BLOOD_CHAD63_KH_AGE_18_50YO_HIGH_DOSE_SUBJECTS_24HR_DN

GO Biological Process (4): detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909)

GO Molecular Function (4): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), taste receptor activity (GO:0008527), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-6 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by GPCR	2
GPCR downstream signalling	1
GPCR ligand binding	1
Sensory perception of taste	1
Signal Transduction	1
Sensory Perception	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste	2
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	2
sensory perception of bitter taste	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

334 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAS2R10	GNAT3	A8MTJ3	904
TAS2R10	GRIA4	P48058	635
TAS2R10	PLCB2	Q00722	592
TAS2R10	TPMT	P51580	543
TAS2R10	OR52L1	Q8NGH7	511
TAS2R10	OR4F4	Q96R69	505
TAS2R10	OR10G8	Q8NGN5	477
TAS2R10	C4BPA	P04003	470
TAS2R10	OR2T33	Q8NG76	447
TAS2R10	OR11H1	Q8NG94	447
TAS2R10	OR2L13	Q8N349	432
TAS2R10	OR13G1	Q8NGZ3	428
TAS2R10	OR2D2	Q9H210	419
TAS2R10	OR7D4	Q8NG98	399
TAS2R10	OR2T1	O43869	392

IntAct

13 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
HERPUD2	TAS2R10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RTP4	TAS2R10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SSMEM1	TAS2R10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PDCD1LG2	TAS2R10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R10	HERPUD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R10	RTP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R10	PDCD1LG2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R10	SSMEM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (4): HERPUD2 (Two-hybrid), RTP4 (Two-hybrid), SSMEM1 (Two-hybrid), PDCD1LG2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: P59530, Q645T0, Q645T7, Q645T9, Q645U2, Q645U8, Q645V0, Q645V1, Q645V8, Q645V9, Q645Y5, Q645Z4, Q645Z5, Q646A2, Q646A7, Q646B5, Q646B6, Q646C4, Q646C6, Q646D2, Q646D6, Q646D8, Q646D9, Q646E8, Q646F6, Q646F7, Q646G3, Q646G5, Q67ER8, Q67ES1, Q67ES6, Q67ET3, Q67ET5, Q7M707, Q7M711, Q7M713, Q7M720, Q7M721, Q7M725, Q9JKA3

Diamond homologs: P0DSN6, P0DTE0, P59528, P59530, P59537, P59538, P59539, P59540, P59541, P59542, P59543, P59544, Q5Y4Y8, Q5Y4Y9, Q5Y4Z5, Q5Y4Z8, Q5Y500, Q645T2, Q645T3, Q645T4, Q645T6, Q645T7, Q645U8, Q645V1, Q645V2, Q645V3, Q645V4, Q645V6, Q645V7, Q645V8, Q645Z2, Q645Z5, Q645Z6, Q645Z7, Q645Z9, Q646A0, Q646A1, Q646A2, Q646B4, Q646B5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

47 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	42
Likely benign	5
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

184 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:10825668:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9600
12:10825669:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9200
12:10825668:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9100
12:10826316:CCTG:C	donor_gain	0.8400
12:10826314:TA:T	donor_loss	0.8200
12:10826315:A:AG	donor_loss	0.8200
12:10825681:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.7900
12:10826226:CTAA:C	donor_gain	0.7900
12:10825667:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.7200
12:10825596:G:A	donor_gain	0.6900
12:10825677:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6900
12:10826317:C:A	donor_loss	0.6900
12:10825666:TCCAA:T	acceptor_gain	0.6800
12:10825677:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.6400
12:10826319:G:A	donor_gain	0.5400
12:10825542:ATGC:A	acceptor_loss	0.5200
12:10825543:TGCC:T	acceptor_loss	0.5200
12:10825544:GCCTA:G	acceptor_loss	0.5200
12:10825546:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.5200
12:10825546:C:CG	acceptor_loss	0.5200
12:10825547:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.5200
12:10826306:T:C	donor_gain	0.5200
12:10825553:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.5100
12:10825556:CAAGA:C	acceptor_loss	0.5100
12:10825557:A:T	acceptor_loss	0.5100
12:10825560:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.5100
12:10826253:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5000
12:10825541:CATGC:C	acceptor_gain	0.4900
12:10825663:GTCTC:G	acceptor_gain	0.4900
12:10825664:TCTC:T	acceptor_gain	0.4900

AlphaMissense

2042 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:10825985:A:C	S95R	0.928
12:10825985:A:T	S95R	0.928
12:10825987:T:G	S95R	0.928
12:10825967:G:C	S101R	0.895
12:10825967:G:T	S101R	0.895
12:10825969:T:G	S101R	0.895
12:10825981:A:G	W97R	0.891
12:10825981:A:T	W97R	0.891
12:10825574:G:C	F232L	0.880
12:10825574:G:T	F232L	0.880
12:10825576:A:G	F232L	0.880
12:10825961:G:C	S103R	0.869
12:10825961:G:T	S103R	0.869
12:10825963:T:G	S103R	0.869
12:10826108:T:A	R54S	0.864
12:10826108:T:G	R54S	0.864
12:10825916:A:C	F118L	0.861
12:10825916:A:T	F118L	0.861
12:10825918:A:G	F118L	0.861
12:10826198:A:C	N24K	0.839
12:10826198:A:T	N24K	0.839
12:10825931:A:C	F113L	0.831
12:10825931:A:T	F113L	0.831
12:10825933:A:G	F113L	0.831
12:10826192:A:C	F26L	0.831
12:10826192:A:T	F26L	0.831
12:10826194:A:G	F26L	0.831
12:10826225:A:C	S15R	0.807
12:10826225:A:T	S15R	0.807
12:10826227:T:G	S15R	0.807

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000021490 (12:10827617 A>G), RS1000472531 (12:10826874 T>C), RS1000479506 (12:10827969 C>T), RS1001109808 (12:10827109 G>T), RS1001773125 (12:10826180 T>A,C,G), RS1004937948 (12:10824818 T>C), RS1005374026 (12:10827955 A>G), RS1006416620 (12:10826970 T>G), RS1008783569 (12:10824899 T>C), RS1009126203 (12:10825220 A>C), RS1009491150 (12:10825233 T>A), RS1010118766 (12:10827112 G>T), RS1010194056 (12:10827441 C>A,T), RS1011794180 (12:10825708 G>A,C), RS1011863713 (12:10825880 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604791 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3559704 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

2 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 48,500 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL434	ISOPROTERENOL	4	40,234
CHEMBL6067658	DENATONIUM BENZOATE	2	8,266

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Taste 2 receptors

Most potent curated ligand interactions (4 total), top 4:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
bergapten	Agonist	5.55	pEC50
cucurbitacin B	Agonist	5.2	pEC50
strychnine	Agonist	4.48	pEC50
denatonium	Agonist	4.13	pEC50

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 10 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.31	EC50	4.9	nM	ISOPROTERENOL
5.56	EC50	2740	nM	CHEMBL4440983
5.30	EC50	5000	nM	STRYCHNINE
5.27	EC50	5390	nM	CHEMBL4440983

CTD chemical–gene interactions

13 total (human), top 13 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	increases expression	1
Ethanol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Amiodarone	increases expression	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Folic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

38 unique, capped per target: 38 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4417671	Functional	Activation of full-length human TAS2R10 expressed in HEK293T/Galpha16-gustducin 44 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux by measuring deltaF/F0 ratio at 100 mM by Fluo-4 dye based FLIPR assay	Methods to identify tas2r modulators

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.