TAS2R19

Summary

TAS2R19 (taste 2 receptor member 19, HGNC:19108) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p13.2, encoding Taste receptor type 2 member 19 (P59542). Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked.

Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor activity and bitter taste receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste. Located in membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 259294 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_176888

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:19108
Approved symbol	TAS2R19
Name	taste 2 receptor member 19
Location	12p13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	T2R19, T2R23
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000212124
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613961
Entrez	259294

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000390673

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_176888 NM_176888

CCDS: CCDS8640

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000390673 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001508591	11021619	11022620

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 130 present calls, max score 87.66.

Top tissues by expression

132 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.66	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	75.72	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	69.89	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	66.66	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	64.19	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	63.63	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	63.22	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	62.99	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	62.40	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	62.30	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	62.26	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	62.21	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	61.89	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	61.50	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	61.29	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	60.91	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	60.87	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	60.36	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	60.15	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	59.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	58.89	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	58.73	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	58.06	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	57.96	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	56.38	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	56.33	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	55.91	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	55.81	silver quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	55.72	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	55.44	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-124858	no	46.16
E-ANND-3	no	0.05

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Polymorphism of TAS2R3, TAS2R5, TAS2R19, and TAS2R50 genes and bitter food intake frequency inelderly woman. (PMID:32227702)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Tas2r136	ENSMUSG00000053217
mus_musculus	Tas2r120	ENSMUSG00000059382
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r120	ENSRNOG00000021445
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r136	ENSRNOG00000029561

Paralogs (23): TAS2R8 (ENSG00000121314), TAS2R10 (ENSG00000121318), TAS2R7 (ENSG00000121377), TAS2R9 (ENSG00000121381), TAS2R3 (ENSG00000127362), TAS2R4 (ENSG00000127364), TAS2R5 (ENSG00000127366), TAS2R16 (ENSG00000128519), TAS2R1 (ENSG00000169777), TAS2R60 (ENSG00000185899), TAS2R42 (ENSG00000186136), TAS2R50 (ENSG00000212126), TAS2R14 (ENSG00000212127), TAS2R13 (ENSG00000212128), TAS2R41 (ENSG00000221855), TAS2R40 (ENSG00000221937), TAS2R46 (ENSG00000226761), TAS2R39 (ENSG00000236398), TAS2R43 (ENSG00000255374), TAS2R20 (ENSG00000255837), TAS2R30 (ENSG00000256188), TAS2R31 (ENSG00000256436), TAS2R38 (ENSG00000257138)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Taste receptor type 2 member 19 — P59542 (reviewed: P59542)

Alternative names: Taste receptor type 2 member 23, Taste receptor type 2 member 48

All UniProt accessions (1): P59542

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.

Miscellaneous. Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_795369* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007960	TAS2R	Family

Pfam: PF05296

UniProt features (19 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, sequence variant 2, chain 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P59542-F1	84.80	0.39

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 161

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding

MSigDB gene sets: 28 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_BITTER_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_BITTER_TASTE, HMGA1_TARGET_GENES, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOMF_MOLECULAR_TRANSDUCER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (3): sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)

GO Molecular Function (3): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), protein binding (GO:0005515), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by GPCR	2
GPCR downstream signalling	1
GPCR ligand binding	1
Signal Transduction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
binding	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

268 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAS2R19	TAS1R3	Q7RTX0	507
TAS2R19	PKD1L3	Q7Z443	447
TAS2R19	TAS1R1	Q7RTX1	436
TAS2R19	TAS1R2	Q8TE23	432
TAS2R19	PKD2L1	Q9P0L9	430
TAS2R19	GNAT3	A8MTJ3	399
TAS2R19	OR13C5	Q8NGS8	396
TAS2R19	SIL1	Q9H173	371
TAS2R19	SLC23A1	Q9UHI7	371
TAS2R19	CA6	P23280	370
TAS2R19	CTNNA1	P35221	353
TAS2R19	OR5M8	Q8NGP6	348
TAS2R19	SCNN1D	P51172	348
TAS2R19	OR8U1	Q8NH10	337
TAS2R19	MATR3	P43243	306

IntAct

23 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LNPEP	TAS2R19	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	TYW1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	LNPEP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PGRMC2	TAS2R19	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PVR	TAS2R19	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	TMEM14B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	TMEM167B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	MMGT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TAS2R19	STXBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TAS2R19	TYW1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R19	PGRMC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R19	PVR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R19	TMEM14B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R19	TMEM167B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TAS2R19	MMGT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (24): TAS2R19 (Two-hybrid), TAS2R19 (Two-hybrid), TAS2R19 (Two-hybrid), TAS2R19 (Two-hybrid), TAS2R19 (Two-hybrid), TMEM167B (Two-hybrid), TYW1B (Two-hybrid), ABCB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP5F1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP5D (Affinity Capture-MS), SERINC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TTYH3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PAG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFAF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA5 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: P0DSN6, P0DTE0, P59537, P59538, P59539, P59540, P59541, P59542, P59543, P59544, Q5Y4Y8, Q5Y4Y9, Q5Y4Z5, Q5Y4Z8, Q5Y500, Q645T2, Q645T3, Q645T4, Q645T6, Q645V2, Q645V3, Q645V4, Q645V6, Q645V7, Q645Z2, Q645Z6, Q645Z7, Q645Z9, Q646A0, Q646A1, Q646B4, Q646B9, Q646C0, Q646C1, Q646C2, Q646C3, Q646E0, Q646E1, Q646E2, Q646E3

Diamond homologs: P0DSN6, P0DTE0, P59528, P59530, P59537, P59538, P59539, P59540, P59541, P59542, P59543, P59544, Q5Y4Y8, Q5Y4Y9, Q5Y4Z5, Q5Y4Z8, Q5Y500, Q645T0, Q645T2, Q645T3, Q645T4, Q645T6, Q645T7, Q645U8, Q645V1, Q645V2, Q645V3, Q645V4, Q645V6, Q645V7, Q645V8, Q645V9, Q645Z2, Q645Z5, Q645Z6, Q645Z7, Q645Z9, Q646A0, Q646A1, Q646A2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

0 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

312 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:11021631:C:A	donor_gain	0.8500
12:11021690:CAAAA:C	acceptor_gain	0.8500
12:11021695:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.8000
12:11022415:C:CT	donor_gain	0.8000
12:11022336:TCTAA:T	donor_gain	0.7900
12:11022064:T:A	donor_gain	0.7800
12:11021692:AAAC:A	acceptor_loss	0.7300
12:11021695:C:A	acceptor_loss	0.7300
12:11021696:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.7300
12:11021961:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.7300
12:11022441:G:C	donor_gain	0.7200
12:11021693:AA:A	acceptor_gain	0.7100
12:11021961:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.7000
12:11021964:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.6900
12:11022177:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6900
12:11022173:CAGTA:C	donor_gain	0.6700
12:11022416:C:CT	donor_gain	0.6500
12:11021694:ACT:A	acceptor_gain	0.6300
12:11021692:AAA:A	acceptor_gain	0.6200
12:11022033:G:C	donor_gain	0.6200
12:11022388:TG:T	donor_gain	0.6100
12:11022600:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6100
12:11021957:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6000
12:11021965:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.6000
12:11021691:AAAA:A	acceptor_gain	0.5900
12:11021696:T:A	acceptor_gain	0.5800
12:11022599:TAGTA:T	donor_gain	0.5800
12:11022600:AGTAA:A	donor_gain	0.5800
12:11021892:G:C	donor_gain	0.5700
12:11021695:CTG:C	acceptor_gain	0.5600

AlphaMissense

1951 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:11021999:G:C	S191R	0.776
12:11021999:G:T	S191R	0.776
12:11022001:T:G	S191R	0.776
12:11022521:A:C	F17L	0.773
12:11022521:A:T	F17L	0.773
12:11022523:A:G	F17L	0.773
12:11021870:G:C	F234L	0.760
12:11021870:G:T	F234L	0.760
12:11021872:A:G	F234L	0.760
12:11022008:A:C	F188L	0.744
12:11022008:A:T	F188L	0.744
12:11022010:A:G	F188L	0.744
12:11022494:G:C	F26L	0.708
12:11022494:G:T	F26L	0.708
12:11022496:A:G	F26L	0.708
12:11022269:G:C	S101R	0.665
12:11022269:G:T	S101R	0.665
12:11022271:T:G	S101R	0.665
12:11022287:G:C	S95R	0.643
12:11022287:G:T	S95R	0.643
12:11022289:T:G	S95R	0.643
12:11022290:G:C	F94L	0.642
12:11022290:G:T	F94L	0.642
12:11022292:A:G	F94L	0.642
12:11022263:G:C	S103R	0.620
12:11022263:G:T	S103R	0.620
12:11022265:T:G	S103R	0.620
12:11022394:A:G	W60R	0.618
12:11022394:A:T	W60R	0.618
12:11022233:G:C	F113L	0.609

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001923227 (12:11023236 GAC>G), RS1002259670 (12:11023595 A>T), RS1005893780 (12:11021315 A>G), RS1006916764 (12:11024387 T>A,C), RS1007189691 (12:11024310 A>C,G), RS1007563222 (12:11024068 G>T), RS1009124829 (12:11022851 T>C,G), RS1013457880 (12:11023633 C>T), RS1013725261 (12:11023934 T>G), RS1015544513 (12:11023263 C>G,T), RS1016064892 (12:11021331 C>G,T), RS1017987159 (12:11024069 T>C), RS1018355891 (12:11024388 C>T), RS1018581249 (12:11022643 C>A,T), RS1021083679 (12:11024396 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613961 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4523255 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 40,234 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL434	ISOPROTERENOL	4	40,234

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Taste 2 receptors

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.31	EC50	4.9	nM	ISOPROTERENOL

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

18 unique, capped per target: 18 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4419022	Functional	Agonist activity at recombinant human N-terminal rat ST3 receptor-fused TAS2R48 expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing Galpha16gust44 assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level at 100 uM by FLIPR assay	Methods of identifying antagonists of the hTAS2R46 bitter taste receptor

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.