TAS2R45

Summary

TAS2R45 (taste 2 receptor member 45, HGNC:18876) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12 alternate reference locus, encoding Taste receptor type 2 member 45 (P59539). Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked.

Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor activity and bitter taste receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste. Located in membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 259291 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_176886

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18876
Approved symbol	TAS2R45
Name	taste 2 receptor member 45
Location	12 alternate reference locus
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ZG24P
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000261936
OMIM	613967
Entrez	259291

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 0

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_176886 NM_176886

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000571573 — 0 exons

Expression profiles

Top tissues by expression

0 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

Taste receptor type 2 member 45 — P59539 (reviewed: P59539)

Alternative names: G-protein coupled receptor 59

All UniProt accessions (1): A0A0J9YXD8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.

Miscellaneous. Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_795367* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007960	TAS2R	Family

Pfam: PF05296

UniProt features (17 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, chain 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P59539-F1	86.31	0.47

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 161

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

MSigDB gene sets: 19 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_BITTER_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_BITTER_TASTE, PEDRIOLI_MIR31_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOMF_MOLECULAR_TRANSDUCER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (4): sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)

GO Molecular Function (2): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
GPCR downstream signalling	1
GPCR ligand binding	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste	1
sensory perception of bitter taste	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

3 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
INSR	UBXN8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
INSR	ATOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

ESM2 similar proteins: P0DSN6, P0DTE0, P59537, P59538, P59539, P59540, P59541, P59542, P59543, P59544, Q5Y4Y8, Q5Y4Y9, Q5Y4Z5, Q5Y4Z8, Q5Y500, Q645T2, Q645T3, Q645T4, Q645T6, Q645V2, Q645V3, Q645V4, Q645V6, Q645V7, Q645Z2, Q645Z6, Q645Z7, Q645Z9, Q646A0, Q646A1, Q646B4, Q646B9, Q646C0, Q646C1, Q646C2, Q646C3, Q646E0, Q646E1, Q646E2, Q646E3

Diamond homologs: P0DSN6, P0DTE0, P59528, P59530, P59537, P59538, P59539, P59540, P59541, P59542, P59543, P59544, Q5Y4Y8, Q5Y4Y9, Q5Y4Z5, Q5Y4Z8, Q5Y500, Q645T0, Q645T2, Q645T3, Q645T4, Q645T6, Q645T7, Q645U8, Q645V1, Q645V2, Q645V3, Q645V4, Q645V6, Q645V7, Q645V8, Q645V9, Q645Z2, Q645Z5, Q645Z6, Q645Z7, Q645Z9, Q646A0, Q646A1, Q646A2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

0 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001066490 (12:11098681 T>C), RS1001080575 (12:11098615 A>G), RS1004515901 (12:11098183 G>A,C), RS1005731202 (12:11098942 C>T), RS1007989955 (12:11098270 T>C,G), RS1012269965 (12:11091208 ACAGTATAGAAAAAC>A), RS1012457767 (12:11099280 C>T), RS1014901703 (12:11099335 C>T), RS1015407676 (12:11099090 C>T), RS1017983636 (12:11098958 C>T), RS1018474486 (12:11099167 A>T), RS1021517048 (12:11098312 G>C), RS1025187018 (12:11098757 T>G), RS1025248203 (12:11098921 G>A), RS1025385998 (12:11098809 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613967 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4523252 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 40,234 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL434	ISOPROTERENOL	4	40,234

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Taste 2 receptors

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.31	EC50	4.9	nM	ISOPROTERENOL

CTD chemical–gene interactions

3 total (human), top 3 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Clorgyline	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Asbestos, Crocidolite	affects expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

6 unique, capped per target: 6 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4419019	Functional	Agonist activity at recombinant human N-terminal rat ST3 receptor-fused TAS2R45 expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing Galpha16gust44 assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level at 100 uM by FLIPR assay	Methods of identifying antagonists of the hTAS2R46 bitter taste receptor

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.