TAS2R5

Summary

TAS2R5 (taste 2 receptor member 5, HGNC:14912) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q34, encoding Taste receptor type 2 member 5 (Q9NYW4). Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked.

This gene encodes a bitter taste receptor; bitter taste receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. Each of these apparently intronless taste receptor genes encodes a 7-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor. This gene is clustered with another 3 candidate taste receptor genes on chromosome 7 and is genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception.

Source: NCBI Gene 54429 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 46 total
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018980

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14912
Approved symbol	TAS2R5
Name	taste 2 receptor member 5
Location	7q34
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	T2R5
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000127366
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605062
Entrez	54429

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000247883

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_018980 NM_018980

CCDS: CCDS5869

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000247883 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000872187	141790217	141791367

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 156 present calls, max score 90.43.

Top tissues by expression

245 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	90.43	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	75.60	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	72.31	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	71.99	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	71.24	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	70.54	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	70.44	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	69.62	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	69.39	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	69.29	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	69.20	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	68.93	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	68.81	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	68.26	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	68.07	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	67.98	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	66.59	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	66.39	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	66.35	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	65.31	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	65.19	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	65.11	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	65.08	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	65.08	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	65.02	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	64.82	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	64.77	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	64.44	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	64.32	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	64.26	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.61

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

7 targeting TAS2R5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-4660	97.79	67.44	1328
HSA-MIR-4287	97.55	67.24	1247
HSA-MIR-4685-3P	97.55	67.35	1255
HSA-MIR-7106-3P	97.33	65.33	644
HSA-MIR-3976	96.67	67.79	1187

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Polymorphism of TAS2R3, TAS2R5, TAS2R19, and TAS2R50 genes and bitter food intake frequency inelderly woman. (PMID:32227702)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tas2r200.2	ENSDARG00000074066
danio_rerio	tas2r200.1	ENSDARG00000079880

Paralogs (23): TAS2R8 (ENSG00000121314), TAS2R10 (ENSG00000121318), TAS2R7 (ENSG00000121377), TAS2R9 (ENSG00000121381), TAS2R3 (ENSG00000127362), TAS2R4 (ENSG00000127364), TAS2R16 (ENSG00000128519), TAS2R1 (ENSG00000169777), TAS2R60 (ENSG00000185899), TAS2R42 (ENSG00000186136), TAS2R19 (ENSG00000212124), TAS2R50 (ENSG00000212126), TAS2R14 (ENSG00000212127), TAS2R13 (ENSG00000212128), TAS2R41 (ENSG00000221855), TAS2R40 (ENSG00000221937), TAS2R46 (ENSG00000226761), TAS2R39 (ENSG00000236398), TAS2R43 (ENSG00000255374), TAS2R20 (ENSG00000255837), TAS2R30 (ENSG00000256188), TAS2R31 (ENSG00000256436), TAS2R38 (ENSG00000257138)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Taste receptor type 2 member 5 — Q9NYW4 (reviewed: Q9NYW4)

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9NYW4, A4D1U0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelium and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.

Miscellaneous. Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_061853* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007960	TAS2R	Family

Pfam: PF05296

UniProt features (23 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, sequence variant 6, chain 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NYW4-F1	79.93	0.22

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 155

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

9 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
R-HSA-9717207	Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-9709957	Sensory Perception
R-HSA-9717189	Sensory perception of taste

MSigDB gene sets: 36 (showing top): GOBP_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_CHEMOSENSORY_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_BITTER_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_BITTER_TASTE, MIR651_3P

GO Biological Process (5): detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909)

GO Molecular Function (4): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), taste receptor activity (GO:0008527), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-6 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by GPCR	2
GPCR downstream signalling	1
GPCR ligand binding	1
Sensory perception of taste	1
Signal Transduction	1
Sensory Perception	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste	2
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	2
sensory perception of bitter taste	1
behavior	1
response to chemical	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

304 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAS2R5	GNAT3	A8MTJ3	871
TAS2R5	OR52L1	Q8NGH7	598
TAS2R5	TAS1R2	Q8TE23	587
TAS2R5	TAS1R3	Q7RTX0	586
TAS2R5	OR4F4	Q96R69	548
TAS2R5	OR11H1	Q8NG94	542
TAS2R5	TAS1R1	Q7RTX1	523
TAS2R5	OR2J3	O76001	521
TAS2R5	OR1E1	P30953	506
TAS2R5	OR2L13	Q8N349	506
TAS2R5	OR2T33	Q8NG76	505
TAS2R5	OR10G8	Q8NGN5	480
TAS2R5	OR2T1	O43869	479
TAS2R5	TRPM5	Q9NZQ8	475
TAS2R5	OR2D2	Q9H210	474

IntAct

19 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SLC30A2	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
VAMP5	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CCL4	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RTP2	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM187	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SFT2D2	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CCL4	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RTP2	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TMEM187	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
VAMP5	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
SFT2D2	TAS2R5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (7): TAS2R5 (Synthetic Lethality), SLC30A2 (Two-hybrid), VAMP5 (Two-hybrid), TMEM187 (Two-hybrid), RTP2 (Two-hybrid), SFT2D2 (Two-hybrid), CCL4 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4IM31, A0A0R4IP11, P59532, P59533, P59536, P59551, Q2AB83, Q4VHE7, Q5J3F6, Q5J3L4, Q5J3L7, Q5J3M3, Q5J3M9, Q5J3N1, Q5Y4Z0, Q645S2, Q645U0, Q645U6, Q645U7, Q645Y3, Q645Z0, Q645Z1, Q646A4, Q646A5, Q646B2, Q646C7, Q646D0, Q646D5, Q646E6, Q646E9, Q646F3, Q67ER9, Q67ES2, Q67ES7, Q697L2, Q697L3, Q697L4, Q697L5, Q697L6, Q7TQA6

Diamond homologs: P59532, P59534, P59535, P59536, P59551, Q2AB83, Q4VHE7, Q50KZ9, Q5Y4Z0, Q645S5, Q645T0, Q645T6, Q645T7, Q645U0, Q645U1, Q645U4, Q645U5, Q645U6, Q645U7, Q645V0, Q645V8, Q645V9, Q645Y3, Q645Y4, Q645Y5, Q645Y7, Q645Y8, Q645Y9, Q645Z0, Q645Z1, Q645Z4, Q646A2, Q646A3, Q646A4, Q646A5, Q646A7, Q646A9, Q646B0, Q646B1, Q646B2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

46 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	43
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

398 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:141791024:G:GT	donor_gain	0.8100
7:141790397:GGC:G	donor_gain	0.7500
7:141791182:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.7200
7:141791181:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.6800
7:141791181:ATGG:A	acceptor_gain	0.6800
7:141791364:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.6800
7:141791181:ATGGG:A	acceptor_gain	0.6600
7:141791365:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.6600
7:141790992:G:T	donor_gain	0.6500
7:141790734:C:CG	donor_gain	0.6300
7:141790960:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.6300
7:141790961:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.6300
7:141790339:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6200
7:141790445:G:GA	donor_gain	0.6200
7:141790953:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.6200
7:141790435:G:GT	donor_gain	0.6100
7:141790734:C:G	donor_gain	0.6100
7:141790980:GCTG:G	donor_gain	0.6000
7:141791174:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.6000
7:141791174:ATT:A	acceptor_gain	0.6000
7:141791183:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.6000
7:141791056:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.5900
7:141790338:A:AG	donor_gain	0.5800
7:141790925:T:A	acceptor_gain	0.5800
7:141790959:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5800
7:141790957:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5700
7:141791176:T:A	acceptor_gain	0.5700
7:141790554:GACT:G	donor_gain	0.5600
7:141791181:ATG:A	acceptor_gain	0.5600
7:141790819:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.5500

AlphaMissense

1945 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:141790635:A:C	S92R	0.968
7:141790637:C:A	S92R	0.968
7:141790637:C:G	S92R	0.968
7:141790626:A:C	S89R	0.953
7:141790628:C:A	S89R	0.953
7:141790628:C:G	S89R	0.953
7:141791040:T:C	F227L	0.946
7:141791042:C:A	F227L	0.946
7:141791042:C:G	F227L	0.946
7:141790659:A:C	S100R	0.945
7:141790661:T:A	S100R	0.945
7:141790661:T:G	S100R	0.945
7:141790641:T:A	W94R	0.934
7:141790641:T:C	W94R	0.934
7:141790410:T:C	F17L	0.928
7:141790412:T:A	F17L	0.928
7:141790412:T:G	F17L	0.928
7:141791073:A:C	S238R	0.928
7:141791075:C:A	S238R	0.928
7:141791075:C:G	S238R	0.928
7:141790911:T:C	F184L	0.913
7:141790913:T:A	F184L	0.913
7:141790913:T:G	F184L	0.913
7:141790718:G:C	K119N	0.912
7:141790718:G:T	K119N	0.912
7:141790452:A:C	S31R	0.905
7:141790454:T:A	S31R	0.905
7:141790454:T:G	S31R	0.905
7:141790433:T:A	N24K	0.897
7:141790433:T:G	N24K	0.897

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000251882 (7:141788353 C>G,T), RS1000596029 (7:141789859 C>T), RS1000738197 (7:141790092 A>G,T), RS1001956582 (7:141790461 G>A,C), RS1003365437 (7:141791802 T>C), RS1003497164 (7:141791812 A>C,G), RS1003832717 (7:141791539 G>A,C), RS1004291518 (7:141789734 G>A,C), RS1004368663 (7:141791180 C>A), RS1005296921 (7:141791169 C>T), RS1008460414 (7:141789837 A>G), RS1010528313 (7:141789887 G>A), RS1013671164 (7:141788618 A>G,T), RS1016728183 (7:141788794 A>G), RS1016886573 (7:141791861 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605062 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001961_2	Anorexia nervosa	2.000000e-07
GCST003815_21	Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease	7.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001870	late-onset Alzheimers disease

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4523473 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 40,234 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL434	ISOPROTERENOL	4	40,234

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Taste 2 receptors

Most potent curated ligand interactions (2 total), top 2:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
epigallocatechin-3-gallate	Agonist	4.91	pEC50
Procyanidin C2	Agonist	4.45	pEC50

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.31	EC50	4.9	nM	ISOPROTERENOL

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	1
Hydralazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Asbestos, Crocidolite	affects expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

8 unique, capped per target: 8 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4346425	Functional	Antagonist activity at recombinant human TAS2R5 transiently expressed in HEK293T co-expressing Galpha16gust44 assessed as inhibition of picoline-induced intracellular calcium level by measuring remaining activity at 25 uM by fluo-4AM dye ba	Discovery and Development of S6821 and S7958 as Potent TAS2R8 Antagonists. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.