TAS2R60

Summary

TAS2R60 (taste 2 receptor member 60, HGNC:20639) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q35, encoding Taste receptor type 2 member 60 (P59551). Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked.

This gene encodes a member of the bitter taste receptor family which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are predominantly expressed in taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. This intronless taste receptor gene encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor. This gene is clustered together with eight other taste receptor genes on chromosome 7.

Source: NCBI Gene 338398 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 1 total — 1 pathogenic
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_177437

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20639
Approved symbol	TAS2R60
Name	taste 2 receptor member 60
Location	7q35
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	T2R60
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000185899
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613968
Entrez	338398

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000332690

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_177437 NM_177437

CCDS: CCDS5885

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000332690 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001317227	143443453	143444409

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 17 present calls, max score 55.76.

Top tissues by expression

98 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	55.76	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	55.47	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	50.74	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	49.08	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	45.23	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	43.39	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	43.38	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	42.71	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	40.37	silver quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	37.86	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	36.58	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	36.55	silver quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	36.30	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	34.66	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	34.03	silver quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	33.41	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	33.34	silver quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	33.15	silver quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	33.09	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	31.88	silver quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	31.77	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	30.93	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	30.77	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	29.57	silver quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	29.43	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.40	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.38

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tas2r200.2	ENSDARG00000074066
danio_rerio	tas2r200.1	ENSDARG00000079880
mus_musculus	Tas2r135	ENSMUSG00000056203
rattus_norvegicus	Tas2r135	ENSRNOG00000026811

Paralogs (23): TAS2R8 (ENSG00000121314), TAS2R10 (ENSG00000121318), TAS2R7 (ENSG00000121377), TAS2R9 (ENSG00000121381), TAS2R3 (ENSG00000127362), TAS2R4 (ENSG00000127364), TAS2R5 (ENSG00000127366), TAS2R16 (ENSG00000128519), TAS2R1 (ENSG00000169777), TAS2R42 (ENSG00000186136), TAS2R19 (ENSG00000212124), TAS2R50 (ENSG00000212126), TAS2R14 (ENSG00000212127), TAS2R13 (ENSG00000212128), TAS2R41 (ENSG00000221855), TAS2R40 (ENSG00000221937), TAS2R46 (ENSG00000226761), TAS2R39 (ENSG00000236398), TAS2R43 (ENSG00000255374), TAS2R20 (ENSG00000255837), TAS2R30 (ENSG00000256188), TAS2R31 (ENSG00000256436), TAS2R38 (ENSG00000257138)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Taste receptor type 2 member 60 — P59551 (reviewed: P59551)

Alternative names: Taste receptor type 2 member 56

All UniProt accessions (1): P59551

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.

Miscellaneous. Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_803186* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007960	TAS2R	Family

Pfam: PF05296

UniProt features (17 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, chain 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P59551-F1	78.02	0.20

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 179

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding

MSigDB gene sets: 26 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, chr7q35, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_BITTER_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TASTE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_BITTER_TASTE, ZWANG_TRANSIENTLY_UP_BY_2ND_EGF_PULSE_ONLY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS

GO Biological Process (4): sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0050913), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909)

GO Molecular Function (2): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by GPCR	2
GPCR downstream signalling	1
GPCR ligand binding	1
Signal Transduction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
sensory perception of taste	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

418 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TAS2R60	PKD2L1	Q9P0L9	590
TAS2R60	OR2M4	Q96R27	575
TAS2R60	PKD1L3	Q7Z443	573
TAS2R60	TAS1R1	Q7RTX1	532
TAS2R60	TAS1R2	Q8TE23	532
TAS2R60	TAS2R50	P59544	514
TAS2R60	OR8H1	Q8NGG4	506
TAS2R60	GPRC6A	Q5T6X5	504
TAS2R60	TAS1R3	Q7RTX0	481
TAS2R60	SCNN1D	P51172	480
TAS2R60	OR5K2	Q8NHB8	470
TAS2R60	OR6N1	Q8NGY5	448
TAS2R60	GNAT3	A8MTJ3	447
TAS2R60	OR7D4	Q8NG98	447
TAS2R60	OR13F1	Q8NGS4	439

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TAS2R60	LRRK2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAS2R60	DAPK1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TAS2R60	MFHAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

BioGRID (4): TAS2R60 (Reconstituted Complex), TAS2R60 (Reconstituted Complex), TAS2R60 (Reconstituted Complex), TAS2R60 (Negative Genetic)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4IM31, A0A0R4IP11, P59532, P59533, P59536, P59551, Q2AB83, Q4VHE7, Q5J3F6, Q5J3L4, Q5J3L7, Q5J3M3, Q5J3M9, Q5J3N1, Q5Y4Z0, Q645S2, Q645U0, Q645U6, Q645U7, Q645Y3, Q645Z0, Q645Z1, Q646A4, Q646A5, Q646B2, Q646C7, Q646D0, Q646D5, Q646E6, Q646E9, Q646F3, Q67ER9, Q67ES2, Q67ES7, Q697L2, Q697L3, Q697L4, Q697L5, Q697L6, Q7TQA6

Diamond homologs: P59529, P59536, P59551, Q5Y4Z0, Q645S2, Q645U1, Q645U2, Q645U6, Q645U7, Q645Y3, Q645Y4, Q645Z0, Q646A5, Q646B2, Q646B3, Q646C7, Q646D0, Q646D1, Q646E7, Q646E8, Q646F1, Q646F3, Q646G6, Q67ES2, Q67ES3, Q67ES7, Q7M720, Q7TQA7, Q7TQA9, Q7TQB0, Q7TQB9, Q9JKE7, Q9JKF0, Q9JKT7, Q9JKU0, Q9NYV7, P59530, P59532, P59534, P59537

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

1 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
144163	GRCh38/hg38 7q34-35(chr7:141126407-145652221)x3	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

245 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:143443541:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9100
7:143443542:A:AA	donor_gain	0.9100
7:143443554:C:T	donor_gain	0.9000
7:143444090:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.8200
7:143443497:G:GT	donor_gain	0.8000
7:143443619:A:G	donor_gain	0.8000
7:143444089:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.7900
7:143443672:ATGG:A	donor_gain	0.7500
7:143444089:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.7400
7:143443556:A:AG	donor_gain	0.7300
7:143443490:C:G	donor_gain	0.7200
7:143444346:CAGCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.6900
7:143444347:AGCAA:A	acceptor_gain	0.6900
7:143443594:C:CG	donor_gain	0.6800
7:143444345:TCAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.6700
7:143443935:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.6600
7:143443936:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.6600
7:143444288:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.6500
7:143443587:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6300
7:143443586:A:AG	donor_gain	0.6200
7:143443931:TCATA:T	acceptor_loss	0.6200
7:143443935:AGG:A	acceptor_loss	0.6200
7:143443936:G:GT	acceptor_loss	0.6200
7:143444344:TTCAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.6100
7:143444348:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.6100
7:143444348:GC:G	acceptor_gain	0.6000
7:143444348:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	0.6000
7:143444347:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5900
7:143444348:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.5900
7:143444348:GCAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.5800

AlphaMissense

2073 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:143443909:A:C	S153R	0.839
7:143443911:C:A	S153R	0.839
7:143443911:C:G	S153R	0.839
7:143444077:T:C	F209L	0.835
7:143444079:T:A	F209L	0.835
7:143444079:T:G	F209L	0.835
7:143444206:T:C	F252L	0.789
7:143444208:T:A	F252L	0.789
7:143444208:T:G	F252L	0.789
7:143444218:T:C	F256L	0.779
7:143444220:C:A	F256L	0.779
7:143444220:C:G	F256L	0.779
7:143443756:T:C	F102L	0.770
7:143443758:C:A	F102L	0.770
7:143443758:C:G	F102L	0.770
7:143443711:T:C	F87L	0.765
7:143443713:C:A	F87L	0.765
7:143443713:C:G	F87L	0.765
7:143443840:T:C	F130L	0.760
7:143443842:C:A	F130L	0.760
7:143443842:C:G	F130L	0.760
7:143443795:A:C	S115R	0.745
7:143443797:T:A	S115R	0.745
7:143443797:T:G	S115R	0.745
7:143443633:A:C	S61R	0.738
7:143443635:C:A	S61R	0.738
7:143443635:C:G	S61R	0.738
7:143443801:T:C	F117L	0.729
7:143443803:C:A	F117L	0.729
7:143443803:C:G	F117L	0.729

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000747422 (7:143444041 C>T), RS1004448451 (7:143441974 T>G), RS1004903987 (7:143441703 T>A), RS1005203496 (7:143444711 A>G), RS1005501402 (7:143442961 G>A,C,T), RS1005863557 (7:143443074 A>G), RS1006681966 (7:143443140 C>A), RS1006698533 (7:143443949 T>C,G), RS1008641040 (7:143442731 C>T), RS1009436705 (7:143444730 G>A), RS1009852333 (7:143444666 C>A), RS1010977899 (7:143442355 A>G), RS1011468654 (7:143442660 T>A), RS1012637026 (7:143442955 C>A), RS1013213242 (7:143444338 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613968 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3309109 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 40,234 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL434	ISOPROTERENOL	4	40,234

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Taste 2 receptors

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.31	EC50	4.9	nM	ISOPROTERENOL

CTD chemical–gene interactions

7 total (human), top 7 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
Aldehydes	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Endosulfan	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation	1

ChEMBL screening assays

5 unique, capped per target: 4 functional, 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3361958	Binding	Agonist activity at human TAS2R60 expressed in U2OS cells by Ga16gust44 Clone 7A FLIPR/summary (Abse5) assay	Identification of diarylsulfonamides as agonists of the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120). — Bioorg Med Chem Lett
CHEMBL4419025	Functional	Agonist activity at recombinant human N-terminal rat ST3 receptor-fused TAS2R60 expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing Galpha16gust44 assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level at 100 uM by FLIPR assay	Methods of identifying antagonists of the hTAS2R46 bitter taste receptor

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.