TCF25

gene
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Also known as Nulp1KIAA1049

Summary

TCF25 (TCF25 ribosome quality control complex subunit, HGNC:29181) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q24.3, encoding Ribosome quality control complex subunit TCF25 (Q9BQ70). Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), a ribosome-associated complex that mediates ubiquitination and extraction of incompletely synthesized nascent chains for proteasomal degradation.

TCF25 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors that are important in embryonic development (Steen and Lindholm, 2008 [PubMed 18068114]).

Source: NCBI Gene 22980 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 22
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 167 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_014972

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:29181
Approved symbolTCF25
NameTCF25 ribosome quality control complex subunit
Location16q24.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesNulp1, KIAA1049
Ensembl geneENSG00000141002
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM612326
Entrez22980

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 44 — 29 protein_coding, 8 retained_intron, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000263346, ENST00000263347, ENST00000561585, ENST00000561958, ENST00000562184, ENST00000562193, ENST00000562256, ENST00000563032, ENST00000563406, ENST00000563484, ENST00000563636, ENST00000564652, ENST00000564957, ENST00000565196, ENST00000565404, ENST00000565860, ENST00000566158, ENST00000566283, ENST00000566751, ENST00000567171, ENST00000568409, ENST00000568412, ENST00000568870, ENST00000570116, ENST00000614813, ENST00000640279, ENST00000856677, ENST00000856678, ENST00000856679, ENST00000856680, ENST00000856681, ENST00000940255, ENST00000940256, ENST00000940257, ENST00000940258, ENST00000943599, ENST00000943600, ENST00000943601, ENST00000943602, ENST00000943603, ENST00000943604, ENST00000943605, ENST00000943606, ENST00000943607

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014972 NM_014972

CCDS: CCDS10987

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000263346 — 18 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000009460388990493889905096
ENSE000012317078990411889904205
ENSE000026247948987359289873859
ENSE000034837858989503889895137
ENSE000034874228990063589900794
ENSE000034964578989372889893858
ENSE000035423278991108089911379
ENSE000035445338988584889885966
ENSE000035690878988765289887717
ENSE000035778558988335189883512
ENSE000035839278988458289884656
ENSE000036216388989876789898872
ENSE000036496198991059189910663
ENSE000036722448989855789898649
ENSE000036790018990724389907322
ENSE000036820788990619489906284
ENSE000037872588989219389892275
ENSE000037877298989599089896083

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 302 present calls, max score 99.34.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 125.5268 / max 1427.9818, expressed in 1826 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15565889.52821826
15565734.98141819
1556590.8373436
1556630.094427
1556610.035411
1556650.02237
1556620.01985
1556640.00823

Top tissues by expression

303 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
sural nerveUBERON:001548899.34gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818899.32gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009498.99gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111998.99gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219698.98gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112098.92gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000798.83gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130298.83gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119998.81gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489098.74gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203098.73gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053398.73gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211998.72gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045898.69gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204698.69gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211898.68gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224598.66gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116698.65gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212998.63gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453398.62gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132398.61gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985398.52gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116198.51gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151198.51gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345498.51gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225598.50gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453498.49gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004398.48gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183098.48gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582798.45gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-137537yes986.70
E-MTAB-9467no32.17
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

3 targeting TCF25, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-391999.8769.452489
HSA-MIR-472999.6972.184233
HSA-MIR-4742-5P98.8968.411542

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • hnulp1 may act as a novel transcriptional repressor in serum response factor signaling pathways. (PMID:16574069)
  • These results indicate that Nulp1 plays a role in cell death control and may influence tumor growth. (PMID:18068114)
  • Hearing ability was strongly associated with DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions of several genes, including TCF25, FGFR1, and POLE. (PMID:25184702)
  • NULP1 Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing NFAT3 Transcriptional Activity. (PMID:32805187)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriotcf25ENSDARG00000040861
mus_musculusTcf25ENSMUSG00000001472
rattus_norvegicusTcf25ENSRNOG00000017023
drosophila_melanogasterNulp1FBGN0027549
caenorhabditis_elegansK07A12.1WBGENE00010620

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ribosome quality control complex subunit TCF25Q9BQ70 (reviewed: Q9BQ70)

Alternative names: Nuclear localized protein 1, Transcription factor 25

All UniProt accessions (12): Q9BQ70, H3BMJ8, H3BPU1, H3BQ53, H3BR53, H3BRP4, H3BS87, H3BSP8, H3BSS3, H3BTU3, Q9H384, Q9H7D3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), a ribosome-associated complex that mediates ubiquitination and extraction of incompletely synthesized nascent chains for proteasomal degradation. In the RQC complex, required to promote formation of ‘Lys-48’-linked polyubiquitin chains during ubiquitination of incompletely synthesized proteins by LTN1. May negatively regulate the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade by suppressing the activity of transcription factor NFATC4. May play a role in cell death control.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), composed of the E3 ubiquitin ligase LTN1, TCF25 and NEMF associated with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Interacts (via C-terminus) with NFATC4; the interaction leads to suppresson of NFATC4 transcription factor activity and is reduced following stimulation with angiotensin-2. Interacts with XIAP.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytosol.

Tissue specificity. In the embryo, widely expressed with highest levels in brain. In the adult, highest expression is found in the heart. Repressed in cardiac tissue of patients with heart failure (at protein level). mRNA levels in the heart are unchanged in patients with heart failure.

Similarity. Belongs to the TCF25 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_055787* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR006994TCF25/Rqc1Family
IPR011990TPR-like_helical_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF04910

UniProt features (5 total): region of interest 2, chain 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BQ70-F172.870.44

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 602

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9954709Ribosome Quality Control (RQC) complex extracts and degrades nascent peptide

MSigDB gene sets: 164 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_1, GOBP_TRANSLATION, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_16Q24_AMPLICON, RHEIN_ALL_GLUCOCORTICOID_THERAPY_UP, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM4, ACEVEDO_LIVER_TUMOR_VS_NORMAL_ADJACENT_TISSUE_DN, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_POLYUBIQUITINATION, GOBP_TRANSLATIONAL_ELONGATION, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN

GO Biological Process (2): regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination (GO:0061945), rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome (GO:0072344)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytosol (GO:0005829), RQC complex (GO:1990112), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Ribosome-associated quality control1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
protein K48-linked ubiquitination1
regulation of protein polyubiquitination1
cytoplasmic translational elongation1
ribosome disassembly1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
cytoplasm1
protein-containing complex1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1223 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TCF25NEMFO60524864
TCF25LTN1O94822841
TCF25ANKZF1Q9H8Y5754
TCF25VCPP55072697
TCF25SRFP11831629
TCF25DEF8Q6ZN54577
TCF25XIAPP98170574
TCF25SPIRE2Q8WWL2572
TCF25UFD1Q92890538
TCF25HBS1LQ9Y450526
TCF25ZNF598Q86UK7520
TCF25NPLOC4Q8TAT6516
TCF25LGALS4P56470495
TCF25ZNF276Q8N554475
TCF25FANCAO15360471

IntAct

115 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
SAT1TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.910
TCF25SAT1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.910
TCF25GPRASP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.900
GPRASP2TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.900
MLF1DNAJB6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.750
MAGEA11TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
LRRK2TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.590
MAGEA11TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
KASH5TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TCF25APPBP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DERL1TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TCF25KASH5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
APPBP2TCF25psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560

BioGRID (131): TCF25 (Two-hybrid), TCF25 (Two-hybrid), TCF25 (Two-hybrid), DERL1 (Two-hybrid), GPRASP2 (Two-hybrid), CCDC155 (Two-hybrid), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCF25 (Two-hybrid), TCF25 (Two-hybrid), SAT1 (Two-hybrid), TCF25 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1S4D1D3, A0A1W2PR95, A0A8I6ASZ5, A8WE67, D2K8N5, D3Z8X7, D3ZND0, E1C760, E7EXT2, F6Y9J3, F7AEX0, O08836, O60308, P27641, P54729, P78318, Q0P4W3, Q14CX7, Q15021, Q2QY04, Q2YD98, Q3ZC62, Q4V8E4, Q5EAU9, Q61249, Q68FJ0, Q6NY52, Q6PBQ2, Q6PGY6, Q6QI44, Q7ZXA8, Q80V31, Q86VS3, Q8BWZ3, Q8C6E0, Q8C9J3, Q8IYW2, Q8K2Z4, Q8LDQ4, Q8LNU5

Diamond homologs: A0A8I6ASZ5, Q8R3L2, Q9BQ70

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
TCF25“form complex”“RQC complex”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 95 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways557.9×4e-06
RHO GTPases activate PKNs527.4×1e-04
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions515.2×1e-03
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions514.7×1e-03
Apoptosis514.5×1e-03
Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane513.3×1e-03
Programmed Cell Death512.6×1e-03
SARS-CoV-1 Infection512.3×1e-03

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
cellular response to insulin stimulus612.2×4e-03
MAPK cascade610.9×5e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

167 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance122
Likely benign16
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4172 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
16:89873823:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
16:89873856:GCTG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89873858:TGGTG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
16:89873859:GGTGA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89873860:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:89873860:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89883442:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:89884578:TTAGT:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89884579:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89884580:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89884580:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89884581:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89884581:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89884581:GTCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89884581:GTCTC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89884657:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:89884661:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:89885842:TTTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89885843:TTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89885844:TTAGG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89885846:A:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89885847:G:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89885940:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:89895988:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89895989:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89896084:G:GCdonor_loss1.0000
16:89896084:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:89898544:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89898548:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89898549:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

4439 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
16:89896083:G:TR341M1.000
16:89892254:T:AW226R0.999
16:89892254:T:CW226R0.999
16:89893817:T:CF263L0.999
16:89893818:T:CF263S0.999
16:89893819:C:AF263L0.999
16:89893819:C:GF263L0.999
16:89895075:T:CL289P0.999
16:89895078:T:CL290P0.999
16:89895084:T:CL292P0.999
16:89895995:G:CA312P0.999
16:89896081:C:AN340K0.999
16:89896081:C:GN340K0.999
16:89896083:G:CR341T0.999
16:89898640:T:CL369P0.999
16:89904996:T:AW510R0.999
16:89904996:T:CW510R0.999
16:89906234:C:AR557S0.999
16:89887675:T:CL191P0.998
16:89895071:T:CS288P0.998
16:89895132:T:CL308P0.998
16:89896059:T:CL333P0.998
16:89898557:G:CR341S0.998
16:89898557:G:TR341S0.998
16:89906235:G:CR557P0.998
16:89887657:T:CL185S0.997
16:89887686:T:CF195L0.997
16:89887688:T:AF195L0.997
16:89887688:T:GF195L0.997
16:89893737:T:AM236K0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000002708 (16:89906280 C>G,T), RS1000041954 (16:89883916 T>C), RS1000059004 (16:89901034 T>C), RS1000073767 (16:89871986 C>G,T), RS1000223486 (16:89888326 G>A), RS1000256623 (16:89911341 C>G,T), RS1000269034 (16:89884108 A>G), RS1000308311 (16:89892591 C>A), RS1000336590 (16:89878709 C>A,G,T), RS1000366104 (16:89876002 A>G,T), RS1000453971 (16:89880031 C>T), RS1000513403 (16:89901199 G>A,C,T), RS1000570100 (16:89897962 G>A,C), RS1000634261 (16:89891550 C>A), RS1000821470 (16:89897026 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612326 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

22 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003996_47Monobrow7.000000e-14
GCST004611_213High light scatter reticulocyte count4.000000e-13
GCST004612_203High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells8.000000e-12
GCST004619_9Reticulocyte fraction of red cells1.000000e-14
GCST004622_45Reticulocyte count2.000000e-16
GCST005790_41Rosacea symptom severity1.000000e-07
GCST006986_17Red vs. brown/black hair color5.000000e-25
GCST006986_2Red vs. brown/black hair color3.000000e-13
GCST006986_20Red vs. brown/black hair color3.000000e-61
GCST006986_23Red vs. brown/black hair color1.000000e-13
GCST006986_26Red vs. brown/black hair color5.000000e-10
GCST006988_153Blond vs. brown/black hair color7.000000e-36
GCST006988_174Blond vs. brown/black hair color2.000000e-33
GCST006989_45Brown vs. black hair color3.000000e-18
GCST006989_46Brown vs. black hair color1.000000e-11
GCST010102_8White matter integrity (fractional anisotropy)1.000000e-09
GCST010148_22Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma6.000000e-87
GCST010703_280Brain morphology (MOSTest)2.000000e-15
GCST90002385_85High light scatter reticulocyte count3.000000e-27
GCST90002386_297High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells2.000000e-24
GCST90002405_322Reticulocyte count2.000000e-25
GCST90002406_446Reticulocyte fraction of red cells2.000000e-25

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007906synophrys measurement
EFO:0007986reticulocyte count
EFO:0009180rosacea severity measurement
EFO:0003924hair color
EFO:0004641white matter integrity
EFO:1001927cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

54 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Adecreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment3
sodium arseniteaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression3
bisphenol Fincreases methylation, decreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Air Pollutantsincreases oxidation, affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance2
Arsenicaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
Ozoneincreases oxidation, increases abundance, affects expression, affects cotreatment2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
testosterone enanthateaffects expression1
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression, increases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
geraniolincreases expression1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression1
manganese chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment1
benzo(e)pyrenedecreases methylation1
aflatoxin B2decreases methylation1
nickel sulfateincreases expression1
coumarindecreases phosphorylation1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
K 7174increases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
bisphenol Saffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 embryonic stem cell

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_A7D7SEES3-1V human TCF25, clone1Embryonic stem cellMale
CVCL_A7D8SEES3-1V human TCF25, clone2Embryonic stem cellMale
CVCL_A7D9SEES3-1V human TCF25, clone3Embryonic stem cellMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.