TDRD1

Summary

TDRD1 (tudor domain containing 1, HGNC:11712) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q25.3, encoding Tudor domain-containing protein 1 (Q9BXT4). Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by participating in the repression transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity.

This gene encodes a protein containing a tudor domain that is thought to function in the suppression of transposable elements during spermatogenesis. The related protein in mouse forms a complex with piRNAs and Piwi proteins to promote methylation and silencing of target sequences. This gene was observed to be upregulated by ETS transcription factor ERG in prostate tumors.

Source: NCBI Gene 56165 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 143 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001395205

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11712
Approved symbol	TDRD1
Name	tudor domain containing 1
Location	10q25.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CT41.1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000095627
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605796
Entrez	56165

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 8 protein_coding

ENST00000251864, ENST00000369280, ENST00000369282, ENST00000695399, ENST00000860255, ENST00000860256, ENST00000952550, ENST00000952551

RefSeq mRNA: 13 — MANE Select: NM_001395205 NM_001365891, NM_001385363, NM_001385364, NM_001385365, NM_001385366, NM_001385367, NM_001385368, NM_001385369, NM_001385370, NM_001385371, NM_001385372, NM_001395205, NM_198795

CCDS: CCDS7588, CCDS91352, CCDS91353, CCDS91354

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000695399 — 25 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000933319	114204722	114204893
ENSE00000933320	114206244	114206330
ENSE00000933321	114210581	114210748
ENSE00000933322	114210860	114210967
ENSE00000933323	114211866	114212036
ENSE00000986731	114213346	114213588
ENSE00000986732	114213977	114214114
ENSE00000986733	114217545	114217655
ENSE00000986734	114218414	114218584
ENSE00000986735	114220568	114220843
ENSE00000986736	114221357	114221476
ENSE00000986737	114222587	114222703
ENSE00000986738	114226049	114226216
ENSE00000986739	114227072	114227299
ENSE00000986740	114227910	114227956
ENSE00001000250	114204073	114204216
ENSE00001449379	114228038	114232666
ENSE00003474694	114199173	114199317
ENSE00003519815	114187826	114188156
ENSE00003564712	114202238	114202298
ENSE00003582289	114201410	114201515
ENSE00003583346	114203072	114203176
ENSE00003639093	114203388	114203567
ENSE00003648319	114190961	114191019
ENSE00003963631	114179353	114179416

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 108 present calls, max score 92.53.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.6449 / max 125.3243, expressed in 199 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
107151	0.3386	128
107153	0.1904	94
107152	0.1158	64

Top tissues by expression

261 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	92.53	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.77	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	77.63	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	74.59	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	74.10	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	73.63	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	70.99	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	62.88	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	59.04	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	59.03	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	58.71	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	57.13	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	56.10	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	54.63	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	54.53	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	54.50	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	54.30	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	53.83	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	53.67	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	53.17	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	51.74	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	51.41	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	51.39	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	51.28	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	50.45	silver quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	50.43	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	50.13	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.50	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	49.31	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	49.24	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.66

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ERG, TSC22D3

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• A protein encoded by this locus was found to be differentially expressed in postmortem brains from patients with atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (PMID:22360420)
• TDRD1 is the first identified upregulated direct ERG target gene that is strongly associated with ERG overexpression in primary prostate cancer (PMID:23319146)
• ERG induces epigenetic activation of Tudor domain-containing protein 1 (TDRD1) in ERG rearrangement-positive prostate cancer. (PMID:23555854)
• the involvement of TDRD1 genetic polymorphisms in piRNA processing genes in the risk of spermatogenic impairment in a Han Chinese population (PMID:27233649)
• TDRD1 protein is expressed in the majority of human prostate tumors, but not in normal prostate tissue. (PMID:27272765)
• Mutational alterations of TDRD 1, 4 and 9 genes in colorectal cancers. (PMID:32036563)
• Here we evaluate gene and protein expression levels of four key TDRDs (TDRD1, TDRD5, TDRD9 and TDRD12) in testicular biopsy samples obtained from men with obstructive azoospermia (OA, n = 29), as controls, and various types of non-obstructive azoospermia containing hypospermatogenesis (HP, 28), maturation arrest (MA, n = 30), and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS, n = 32) as cases. (PMID:32059713)
• Prospective assessment of two-gene urinary test with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate for men undergoing primary prostate biopsy. (PMID:32681273)
• The cancer testis antigen TDRD1 regulates prostate cancer proliferation by associating with the snRNP biogenesis machinery. (PMID:37041411)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tdrd1	ENSDARG00000007465
mus_musculus	Tdrd1	ENSMUSG00000025081
rattus_norvegicus	Tdrd1	ENSRNOG00000017064

Paralogs (6): TDRD5 (ENSG00000162782), TDRD10 (ENSG00000163239), TDRD6 (ENSG00000180113), TDRKH (ENSG00000182134), TDRD7 (ENSG00000196116), TDRD15 (ENSG00000218819)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Tudor domain-containing protein 1 — Q9BXT4 (reviewed: Q9BXT4)

Alternative names: Cancer/testis antigen 41.1

All UniProt accessions (4): Q9BXT4, A0A140VJW6, H9KV62, H9KV63

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by participating in the repression transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Required for the localization of Piwi proteins to the meiotic nuage. Involved in the piRNA metabolic process by ensuring the entry of correct transcripts into the normal piRNA pool and limiting the entry of cellular transcripts into the piRNA pathway. May act by allowing the recruitment of piRNA biogenesis or loading factors that ensure the correct entry of transcripts and piRNAs into Piwi proteins.

Subunit / interactions. Found in a mRNP complex, at least composed of TDRD1, TDRD6, TDRD7 and DDX4. Interacts with MAEL. Interacts with PIWIL1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 (when methylated on arginine residues). Interacts with TDRD12.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Testis and ovary specific. Also expressed in several cancers.

Domain organisation. Tudor domains 2 and 3 have higher affinity for arginine-methylated peptides, tudor domain 1 is a poor binder due to an impaired aromatic cage.

Similarity. Belongs to the TDRD1 family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9BXT4-1	1	yes
Q9BXT4-2	2
Q9BXT4-3	3
Q9BXT4-4	4

RefSeq proteins (13): NP_001352820, NP_001372292, NP_001372293, NP_001372294, NP_001372295, NP_001372296, NP_001372297, NP_001372298, NP_001372299, NP_001372300, NP_001372301, NP_001382134, NP_942090 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002893	Znf_MYND	Domain
IPR002999	Tudor	Domain
IPR035437	SNase_OB-fold_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR047376	Tudor_TDRD1_rpt1	Domain
IPR047377	Tudor_TDRD1_rpt2	Domain
IPR047378	Tudor_TDRD1_rpt3	Domain
IPR050621	Tudor_domain_containing	Family

Pfam: PF00567, PF01753

UniProt features (52 total): strand 12, binding site 8, helix 7, splice variant 6, domain 4, compositionally biased region 3, sequence conflict 3, region of interest 3, sequence variant 2, turn 2, chain 1, zinc finger region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5M9N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BXT4-F1	71.72	0.32

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8): 170; 173; 181; 184; 190; 194; 202; 206

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5601884	PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis
R-HSA-211000	Gene Silencing by RNA
R-HSA-74160	Gene expression (Transcription)

MSigDB gene sets: 125 (showing top): GOBP_AXIS_SPECIFICATION, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GOBP_EMBRYONIC_AXIS_SPECIFICATION, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_OOGENESIS, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, USF_C, GOBP_ANATOMICAL_STRUCTURE_MATURATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, GOBP_DNA_METHYLATION_DEPENDENT_CONSTITUTIVE_HETEROCHROMATIN_FORMATION, GOBP_ANTERIOR_POSTERIOR_PATTERN_SPECIFICATION, GOBP_CELL_MATURATION, GOBP_EMBRYONIC_PATTERN_SPECIFICATION, GOBP_SEGMENTATION, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM

GO Biological Process (8): germ cell development (GO:0007281), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), P granule organization (GO:0030719), piRNA processing (GO:0034587), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321), transposable element silencing by piRNA-mediated DNA methylation (GO:0141196), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing (GO:0031047)

GO Molecular Function (2): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (6): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), chromatoid body (GO:0033391), P granule (GO:0043186), synapse (GO:0045202), pi-body (GO:0071546), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Gene Silencing by RNA	1
Gene expression (Transcription)	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
developmental process involved in reproduction	2
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule	2
gamete generation	1
cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism	1
cell development	1
male gamete generation	1
organelle organization	1
pole plasm assembly	1
regulatory ncRNA processing	1
cell cycle	1
sexual reproduction	1
reproductive process	1
meiotic nuclear division	1
transposable element silencing by heterochromatin formation	1
gene silencing by piRNA-directed DNA methylation	1
cellular developmental process	1
negative regulation of gene expression	1
transition metal ion binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
germ plasm	1
cell junction	1
P granule	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1142 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TDRD1	PIWIL2	Q8TC59	991
TDRD1	PIWIL1	Q96J94	944
TDRD1	PIWIL4	Q7Z3Z4	843
TDRD1	TDRD9	Q8NDG6	742
TDRD1	MAEL	Q96JY0	731
TDRD1	MOV10L1	Q9BXT6	719
TDRD1	TDRD12	Q587J7	682
TDRD1	DLX1	P56177	676
TDRD1	PLD6	Q8N2A8	672
TDRD1	DDX4	Q9NQI0	635
TDRD1	GTSF1	Q8WW33	626
TDRD1	STK31	Q9BXU1	613
TDRD1	ASZ1	Q8WWH4	600
TDRD1	TDRD6	O60522	592
TDRD1	TDRD7	Q8NHU6	587

IntAct

6 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TDRD1	FYN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TDRD1	PLCG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TDRD1	LEMD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	SRRM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	RPS10-NUDT3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (9): TDRD1 (Two-hybrid), TDRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TDRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TDRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TDRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TDRD1 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), TDRD1 (Protein-RNA), TDRD1 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), TDRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JM98, A1L1H3, A6NAF9, A6QLE1, A9CPT4, B5MCY1, D2H0H6, D2H3M0, D4A7V9, E1BPH3, E1C3S7, E2QTD3, E2RDV1, E7FDW8, F1R237, O60522, P57075, P61407, P97874, Q14B46, Q1L981, Q4R3G4, Q58EK5, Q5DTW2, Q5JTW2, Q5M7P8, Q5RAH6, Q5VCS6, Q5VZ19, Q5XGX5, Q61846, Q68DX3, Q6NU04, Q80VK6, Q8K1H1, Q8NAT2, Q8NHU6, Q90WE3, Q99KY4, Q99MV1

Diamond homologs: A9CPT4, B4F7C4, D2H3M0, E1BPH3, E2QTD3, H9JD76, Q1XG89, Q24180, Q3TPE9, Q58EK5, Q5VCS6, Q7M6Z3, Q80VL1, Q8NAT2, Q8R5A0, Q8VZG7, Q99MV1, Q9BXT4, Q9FLT0, Q9Y2W6, C3RZA1, D3ZKV9, E1C5V0, F1QN74, F1RET2, O74467, P97443, Q0P585, Q12529, Q3TYX3, Q4VC12, Q5BJI7, Q5F3V0, Q5R5X9, Q5RGL7, Q5UNT8, Q5ZIZ2, Q6C9E7, Q6GMV2, Q6GN68

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ERG	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	TDRD1	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

143 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	125
Likely benign	13
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3024497	NM_001395205.1(TDRD1):c.887C>A (p.Ser296Tyr)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3507 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:114190955:CCCCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114190957:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114190958:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114190959:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114190959:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114190960:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114191008:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191015:ATATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191016:TATT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191016:TATTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114191017:ATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191018:TT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191018:TTGTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114191019:TG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114191020:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114191020:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114191021:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114191022:AA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114199168:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114199169:ATAG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114199170:TAGAA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114199171:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114199171:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114199172:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114199172:G:GC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:114199172:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114199172:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:114199317:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
10:114199318:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:114199319:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000004087 (10:114183870 A>G), RS1000074085 (10:114219856 T>G), RS1000136737 (10:114178203 C>A,T), RS1000193160 (10:114207403 T>C), RS1000222188 (10:114189438 T>A), RS1000247309 (10:114208839 T>C), RS1000321406 (10:114209043 A>C,G), RS1000347158 (10:114196531 A>G,T), RS1000481108 (10:114177925 T>C,G), RS1000519359 (10:114208107 T>G), RS1000534852 (10:114190240 T>G), RS1000557313 (10:114194467 G>A), RS1000611209 (10:114194084 C>T), RS1000679225 (10:114224925 T>A,G), RS1000763814 (10:114201238 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605796 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	increases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, affects methylation	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Malathion	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00178516	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin E and Male Infertility
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT00341120	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
NCT00481403	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Sperm Molecular Factors Implicated in Male Fertility
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT00596739	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Semen Analyses and Reproductive Hormone Levels of Men Undergoing Weight-reduction Surgery
NCT00756561	Not specified	COMPLETED	HOP-2A - Intratesticular Hormone Levels
NCT00961558	Not specified	TERMINATED	Canadian Varicocelectomy Initiative (CVI): Effects on Male Fertility and Testicular Function of Varicocelectomy
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