TDRD12

Summary

TDRD12 (tudor domain containing 12, HGNC:25044) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.11, encoding Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase TDRD12 (Q587J7). Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase required during spermatogenesis to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity.

Predicted to enable several functions, including ATP binding activity; ATP hydrolysis activity; and RNA helicase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including germ-line stem cell division; male meiotic nuclear division; and regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing. Predicted to be part of PET complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 91646 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 72 total — 4 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001366102

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25044
Approved symbol	TDRD12
Name	tudor domain containing 12
Location	19q13.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ECAT8, FLJ13072
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000173809
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	91646

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 5 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000421545, ENST00000444215, ENST00000564769, ENST00000637289, ENST00000639142, ENST00000647536

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001366102 NM_001110822, NM_001366102

CCDS: CCDS46038, CCDS92580

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000639142 — 33 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001185345	32777149	32777229
ENSE00001185348	32773456	32773532
ENSE00001185356	32749784	32749869
ENSE00001185359	32748476	32748531
ENSE00001185364	32738856	32738992
ENSE00001291601	32772753	32772850
ENSE00001294133	32742781	32742900
ENSE00001309804	32755992	32756181
ENSE00001480488	32757038	32757130
ENSE00001644138	32815448	32815620
ENSE00001686111	32818089	32818157
ENSE00002202887	32794628	32794813
ENSE00002208338	32790531	32790591
ENSE00002208380	32813684	32813776
ENSE00002208837	32798308	32798435
ENSE00002212176	32790964	32791068
ENSE00002222082	32800167	32800358
ENSE00002240148	32731725	32731883
ENSE00002242544	32810093	32810277
ENSE00002247891	32802922	32803142
ENSE00002255570	32807549	32807648
ENSE00002286104	32811210	32811420
ENSE00002292378	32802656	32802789
ENSE00002295311	32797735	32797891
ENSE00002295554	32801756	32801873
ENSE00002311772	32800644	32800772
ENSE00003792582	32826098	32826161
ENSE00003796118	32826445	32826598
ENSE00003800800	32826244	32826357
ENSE00003804812	32826683	32826749
ENSE00003806824	32827164	32829580
ENSE00003963841	32719767	32720096
ENSE00003963842	32821033	32821139

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 159 present calls, max score 90.70.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.3083 / max 115.0951, expressed in 46 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
175066	0.3083	46

Top tissues by expression

279 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	90.70	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.21	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	86.71	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	86.11	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	85.65	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	74.83	silver quality
sperm	CL:0000019	68.85	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	68.05	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	66.28	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	66.05	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	64.74	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	64.58	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	64.02	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	62.67	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	62.53	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	62.40	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	61.59	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	61.54	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	61.32	silver quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	61.23	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	60.80	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	60.67	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	60.39	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	60.34	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	60.24	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	59.12	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	58.84	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	58.08	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	58.02	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	57.97	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-53	no	760.07
E-ANND-3	no	7.24

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Here we evaluate gene and protein expression levels of four key TDRDs (TDRD1, TDRD5, TDRD9 and TDRD12) in testicular biopsy samples obtained from men with obstructive azoospermia (OA, n = 29), as controls, and various types of non-obstructive azoospermia containing hypospermatogenesis (HP, 28), maturation arrest (MA, n = 30), and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS, n = 32) as cases. (PMID:32059713)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tdrd12	ENSDARG00000075217
mus_musculus	Tdrd12	ENSMUSG00000030491
rattus_norvegicus	Tdrd12	ENSRNOG00000012719

Paralogs (38): DDX20 (ENSG00000064703), DDX3Y (ENSG00000067048), DDX1 (ENSG00000079785), DDX43 (ENSG00000080007), DDX18 (ENSG00000088205), DDX24 (ENSG00000089737), DDX17 (ENSG00000100201), DDX49 (ENSG00000105671), DDX50 (ENSG00000107625), DDX5 (ENSG00000108654), DDX25 (ENSG00000109832), DDX6 (ENSG00000110367), DDX55 (ENSG00000111364), DDX59 (ENSG00000118197), DDX54 (ENSG00000123064), DDX39A (ENSG00000123136), DDX27 (ENSG00000124228), DDX31 (ENSG00000125485), DDX56 (ENSG00000136271), EIF4A3 (ENSG00000141543), DDX46 (ENSG00000145833), DDX4 (ENSG00000152670), EIF4A2 (ENSG00000156976), DDX19B (ENSG00000157349), EIF4A1 (ENSG00000161960), DDX21 (ENSG00000165732), DDX19A (ENSG00000168872), DDX23 (ENSG00000174243), DDX10 (ENSG00000178105), DDX28 (ENSG00000182810), DDX41 (ENSG00000183258), DDX53 (ENSG00000184735), DDX51 (ENSG00000185163), DDX42 (ENSG00000198231), DDX39B (ENSG00000198563), DDX47 (ENSG00000213782), DDX3X (ENSG00000215301), DDX52 (ENSG00000278053)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase TDRD12 — Q587J7 (reviewed: Q587J7)

Alternative names: ES cell-associated transcript 8 protein, Tudor domain-containing protein 12

All UniProt accessions (5): Q587J7, A0A1B0GU57, A0A1W2PRK2, A0A2R8Y872, H3BU70

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase required during spermatogenesis to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Involved in the secondary piRNAs metabolic process. Acts via the PET complex, a multiprotein complex required during the secondary piRNAs metabolic process for the PIWIL2 slicing-triggered loading of PIWIL4 piRNAs.

Subunit / interactions. Component of a mRNP complex containing PIWIL2, TDRD1 and piRNAs. Component of the PET complex, at least composed of EXD1, PIWIL2, TDRD12 and piRNAs.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q587J7-1	1	yes
Q587J7-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001104292, NP_001353031* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002999	Tudor	Domain
IPR011545	DEAD/DEAH_box_helicase_dom	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR035437	SNase_OB-fold_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR047390	Tudor_TDRD12_rpt1	Domain

Pfam: PF00270, PF00567

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)

UniProt features (13 total): domain 3, sequence conflict 3, splice variant 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, short sequence motif 1, compositionally biased region 1, binding site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q587J7-F1	73.57	0.36

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 460–467

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5601884	PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis
R-HSA-211000	Gene Silencing by RNA
R-HSA-74160	Gene expression (Transcription)

MSigDB gene sets: 80 (showing top): GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_STEM_CELL_DIVISION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, GOBP_DNA_METHYLATION_DEPENDENT_CONSTITUTIVE_HETEROCHROMATIN_FORMATION, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, HELLER_HDAC_TARGETS_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_UP, GOBP_PIRNA_PROCESSING, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, GOBP_FERTILIZATION, KORKOLA_EMBRYONIC_CARCINOMA_VS_SEMINOMA_DN, GOBP_CHROMATIN_REMODELING, GOBP_HETEROCHROMATIN_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_EPIGENETIC_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION

GO Biological Process (9): male meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007140), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), fertilization (GO:0009566), piRNA processing (GO:0034587), germ-line stem cell division (GO:0042078), transposable element silencing by piRNA-mediated DNA methylation (GO:0141196), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing (GO:0031047), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321)

GO Molecular Function (7): nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), RNA helicase activity (GO:0003724), ATP binding (GO:0005524), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), helicase activity (GO:0004386), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (1): PET complex (GO:1990923)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Gene Silencing by RNA	1
Gene expression (Transcription)	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
male gamete generation	2
meiotic nuclear division	2
sexual reproduction	2
reproductive process	2
ATP-dependent activity	2
meiotic cell cycle	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
regulatory ncRNA processing	1
germ cell development	1
stem cell division	1
transposable element silencing by heterochromatin formation	1
gene silencing by piRNA-directed DNA methylation	1
cellular developmental process	1
negative regulation of gene expression	1
cell cycle	1
binding	1
helicase activity	1
ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA	1
catalytic activity, acting on RNA	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
nucleic acid conformation isomerase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid	1
catalytic activity	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2445 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TDRD12	EXD1	Q8NHP7	910
TDRD12	PIWIL2	Q8TC59	776
TDRD12	TDRD9	Q8NDG6	700
TDRD12	TDRD5	Q8NAT2	698
TDRD12	TDRD1	Q9BXT4	682
TDRD12	TDRKH	Q9Y2W6	648
TDRD12	ERI2	A8K979	603
TDRD12	GTSF1	Q8WW33	600
TDRD12	TDRD6	O60522	588
TDRD12	MOV10L1	Q9BXT6	584
TDRD12	FKBP6	O75344	583
TDRD12	PIWIL4	Q7Z3Z4	566
TDRD12	TDRD15	B5MCY1	560
TDRD12	RNF17	Q9BXT8	553
TDRD12	PIWIL1	Q96J94	541

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TDRD12	RPN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TP53	PPM1G	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (2): TDRD12 (Proximity Label-MS), TDRD12 (Protein-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNQ6, A2RT67, A2RUS2, A6NC42, A6NGQ2, A9X185, O75031, O75817, O94955, O95267, P50747, Q06VW1, Q0II25, Q0ZFW8, Q1RMS8, Q1RMZ1, Q29108, Q2TBA3, Q3T0J1, Q3TYS2, Q4VX76, Q568D5, Q568M3, Q587J7, Q5JSQ8, Q5T9G4, Q5ZLS2, Q62522, Q69ZK0, Q6AYA6, Q6P5G6, Q7Z7H3, Q80X86, Q86WV5, Q8BXK4, Q8C0Q9, Q8CHQ0, Q8TCU6, Q8WUE5, Q91Z62

Diamond homologs: Q587J7, Q9CWU0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

72 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	4
Uncertain significance	56
Likely benign	5
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (4)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3024505	NM_001366102.1(TDRD12):c.963+1G>T	Likely pathogenic
3024506	NM_001366102.1(TDRD12):c.986G>A (p.Trp329Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3024507	NM_001366102.1(TDRD12):c.2419C>T (p.Arg807Cys)	Likely pathogenic
3024508	NM_001366102.1(TDRD12):c.3157del (p.Leu1053fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

4510 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:32731712:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32731713:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32731715:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32731880:ACAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32731881:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32731882:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32731884:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32731885:TATG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32738850:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:32738851:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:32738852:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:32738853:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:32738855:GGTGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32738989:AAAA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32738989:AAAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32738990:AAA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32738990:AAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32738991:AA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32738992:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32738993:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32738993:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32738994:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32742779:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32742780:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32742780:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:32742896:ATTGT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32742897:TTGT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32742899:GT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
19:32742900:TG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:32742901:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

8834 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:32748489:T:A	W152R	0.998
19:32748489:T:C	W152R	0.998
19:32738897:G:C	R75S	0.997
19:32738897:G:T	R75S	0.997
19:32738889:T:A	W73R	0.996
19:32738889:T:C	W73R	0.996
19:32748491:G:C	W152C	0.996
19:32748491:G:T	W152C	0.996
19:32811409:T:A	W1013R	0.996
19:32811409:T:C	W1013R	0.996
19:32738896:G:C	R75T	0.995
19:32738895:A:G	R75G	0.994
19:32738896:G:T	R75M	0.994
19:32755999:T:A	V197D	0.994
19:32794679:T:A	W447R	0.994
19:32794679:T:C	W447R	0.994
19:32801834:T:A	W720R	0.994
19:32801834:T:C	W720R	0.994
19:32798320:T:A	V548D	0.993
19:32738898:G:C	A76P	0.992
19:32738958:G:C	D96H	0.991
19:32756003:T:A	N198K	0.991
19:32756003:T:G	N198K	0.991
19:32756011:T:C	L201P	0.991
19:32802751:C:A	R765S	0.991
19:32813762:T:A	W1043R	0.991
19:32813762:T:C	W1043R	0.991
19:32798389:T:C	L571P	0.990
19:32738866:T:A	V65D	0.989
19:32738959:A:C	D96A	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007795 (19:32739830 C>G,T), RS1000033929 (19:32734247 A>G), RS1000035260 (19:32757521 C>G), RS1000081585 (19:32748637 C>A,G,T), RS1000111922 (19:32748478 C>G), RS1000116159 (19:32827994 A>T), RS1000130414 (19:32820549 T>A,G), RS1000178524 (19:32782785 A>C,G,T), RS1000200291 (19:32782833 A>G), RS1000225917 (19:32827869 C>T), RS1000227420 (19:32731320 C>T), RS1000253931 (19:32782552 A>C,G), RS1000267793 (19:32822752 A>G), RS1000272965 (19:32800964 G>C), RS1000287542 (19:32751741 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000649_8	Chronic kidney disease	3.000000e-15
GCST90002383_276	Hematocrit	7.000000e-18
GCST90002384_449	Hemoglobin	2.000000e-21

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004348	hematocrit
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

7 total (human), top 7 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression, increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Lead	decreases expression	1
Phthalic Acids	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
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