TEN1

Summary

TEN1 (TEN1 subunit of CST complex, HGNC:37242) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q25.1, encoding CST complex subunit TEN1 (Q86WV5). Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 57.0% of cell lines).

C17ORF106, or TEN1, appears to function in a telomere-associated complex with STN1 (OBFC1; MIM 613128) and CTC1 (C17ORF68; MIM 613129) (Miyake et al., 2009 [PubMed 19854130]).

Source: NCBI Gene 100134934 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3 total — 1 pathogenic
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 57.0% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001113324

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:37242
Approved symbol	TEN1
Name	TEN1 subunit of CST complex
Location	17q25.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ39785
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000257949
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613130
Entrez	100134934

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 11 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000397640, ENST00000585710, ENST00000586891, ENST00000588202, ENST00000590676, ENST00000911175, ENST00000911176, ENST00000911177, ENST00000940414, ENST00000940415, ENST00000957727, ENST00000957728

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001113324 NM_001113324

CCDS: CCDS45780

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000397640 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001404122	75979240	75979511
ENSE00001529499	76000141	76000586
ENSE00003507766	75991466	75991623
ENSE00003605036	75986187	75986284

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 132 present calls, max score 93.08.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.0086 / max 30.1615, expressed in 454 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
162812	13.7589	1813
162813	0.9583	416
162814	0.0504	11

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	93.08	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	91.73	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	91.68	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	91.48	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	91.41	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	91.12	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	90.76	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	90.48	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	89.21	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	88.47	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	88.47	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	88.07	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	88.03	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	87.97	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	87.82	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	87.77	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	87.77	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	87.67	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	87.66	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	87.30	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.16	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	87.13	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	87.01	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	86.76	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	86.55	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	86.54	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	86.53	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	86.47	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	86.47	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	86.44	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.61

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

8 targeting TEN1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-4663	99.62	65.33	957
HSA-MIR-186-3P	99.51	66.24	1685
HSA-MIR-3160-5P	99.28	69.07	1938
HSA-MIR-6804-5P	98.39	65.77	1084
HSA-MIR-4733-5P	97.75	67.44	866
HSA-MIR-3665	97.73	65.08	975
HSA-MIR-6783-5P	97.67	67.21	1528

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 57.0% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)

• Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 is a replication protein A (RPA)-like complex that is not directly involved in conventional DNA replication at forks but plays a role in DNA metabolism frequently required by telomeres. (PMID:19854130)
• the human CST (CTC1, STN1 and TEN1) complex, previously implicated in telomere protection and DNA metabolism, inhibits telomerase activity through primer sequestration and physical interaction with the protection of telomeres 1 (POT1)-TPP1 telomerase processivity factor (PMID:22763445)
• data indicate that hTen1 is critical for the telomeric function of hCST, both in telomere protection and downregulation of telomerase function (PMID:23826127)
• The mammalian CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex is directly involved at several stages of telomere end formation and CST seems to play critical roles in coordinating telomerase elongation and fill-in synthesis to complete telomere replication. (PMID:23851344)
• TEN1 likely functions in conjunction with CTC1 and STN1 at the telomere and elsewhere in the genome. (PMID:24025336)
• reveal a critical role for human Stn1 in telomere length maintenance and function, supporting the model that efficient replication of telomeric repeats is critical for long-term viability of normal somatic mammalian cells (PMID:25684230)
• CTC1/STN1/TEN1 (CST) deficiency diminishes HU-induced RAD51 foci formation. (PMID:27487043)
• TERT-mediated G-strand extension and Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1-mediated C-strand fill-in are equally important for telomere length maintenance. (PMID:28334750)
• The findings imply that theCTC1/STN1/TEN1 complex(CST )complex plays an important role in regulating telomere maintenance in alternative-lengthening of telomeres(ALT) cells. (PMID:28366536)
• Studies indicate telomere-binding proteins CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) dysfunction and mutation is associated with several genetic diseases and cancers [Review]. (PMID:29293451)
• CTC1-STN1 terminates TERT while STN1-TEN1 enables C-strand synthesis during telomere replication in colon cancer cells. (PMID:30026550)
• The CST complex (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) maintains genome integrity through resolution of G4 structures both ahead of the replication fork and on the lagging strand template (PMID:30976812)
• CST functions in two distinct aspects of genome-wide DNA replication, namely, origin licensing and replisome assembly. CST interacts with additional replisome components, MCM and AND-1. (PMID:30979824)
• This work provides a blueprint to pinpoint the possible consequences of pathogenic mutations in the CST complex subunit TEN1. (PMID:31028137)
• An Indian child with Coats plus syndrome due to mutations in STN1. (PMID:32627942)
• Human CST complex protects stalled replication forks by directly blocking MRE11 degradation of nascent-strand DNA. (PMID:33210317)
• CST in maintaining genome stability: Beyond telomeres. (PMID:33780718)
• Pan-cancer analysis reveals that CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex may have a key position in oncology. (PMID:35134616)
• Structures of the human CST-Polalpha-primase complex bound to telomere templates. (PMID:35830881)
• Reconstitution of a telomeric replicon organized by CST. (PMID:35831508)
• CST-polymerase alpha-primase solves a second telomere end-replication problem. (PMID:38418884)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ten1	ENSDARG00000097346
mus_musculus	Ten1	ENSMUSG00000020778
rattus_norvegicus	Ten1	ENSRNOG00000060307

Protein

Protein identifiers

CST complex subunit TEN1 — Q86WV5 (reviewed: Q86WV5)

Alternative names: Protein telomeric pathways with STN1 homolog, Telomere length regulation protein TEN1 homolog

All UniProt accessions (4): Q86WV5, K7EIL0, K7EJS2, K7EL09

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication. The CST complex inhibits telomerase and is involved in telomere length homeostasis; it is proposed to bind to newly telomerase-synthesized 3’ overhangs and to terminate telomerase action implicating the association with the ACD:POT1 complex thus interfering with its telomerase stimulation activity. The CST complex is also proposed to be involved in fill-in synthesis of the telomeric C-strand probably implicating recruitment and activation of DNA polymerase alpha. The CST complex facilitates recovery from many forms of exogenous DNA damage; seems to be involved in the re-initiation of DNA replication at repaired forks and/or dormant origins.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the CST complex, composed of TEN1/C17orf106, CTC1/C17orf68 and STN1; in the complex interacts directly with STN1.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Chromosome. Telomere.

Similarity. Belongs to the TEN1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001106795* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR012340	NA-bd_OB-fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029146	Ten1_animal_plant	Family

Pfam: PF15490

UniProt features (15 total): strand 6, helix 3, mutagenesis site 2, chain 1, DNA-binding region 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4JOI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
6W6W	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
8D0B	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.43
8SOJ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.8
8SOK	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1
8D0K	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.27
7U5C	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.6

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q86WV5-F1	93.75	0.89

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
115	2.5-fold reduction in binding affinity for stn1.
119	2-fold reduction in binding affinity for stn1.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-174411	Polymerase switching on the C-strand of the telomere
R-HSA-174430	Telomere C-strand synthesis initiation
R-HSA-157579	Telomere Maintenance
R-HSA-1640170	Cell Cycle
R-HSA-174417	Telomere C-strand (Lagging Strand) Synthesis
R-HSA-180786	Extension of Telomeres
R-HSA-73886	Chromosome Maintenance

MSigDB gene sets: 98 (showing top): GOBP_RNA_TEMPLATED_DNA_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TELOMERE_MAINTENANCE_VIA_TELOMERASE, GOBP_TELOMERE_CAPPING, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_TELOMERE_MAINTENANCE_VIA_TELOMERE_LENGTHENING, GOBP_TELOMERE_ORGANIZATION, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TELOMERE_MAINTENANCE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TELOMERE_MAINTENANCE_VIA_TELOMERE_LENGTHENING, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_DNA_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_EXTENSION_OF_TELOMERES

GO Biological Process (2): telomere capping (GO:0016233), negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase (GO:0032211)

GO Molecular Function (5): single-stranded DNA binding (GO:0003697), telomerase inhibitor activity (GO:0010521), telomeric repeat DNA binding (GO:0042162), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): chromosome, telomeric region (GO:0000781), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), CST complex (GO:1990879), chromosome (GO:0005694)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Telomere C-strand (Lagging Strand) Synthesis	2
Chromosome Maintenance	1
Extension of Telomeres	1
Telomere Maintenance	1
Cell Cycle	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
telomere maintenance	1
telomere maintenance via telomerase	1
regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	1
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening	1
negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	1
DNA binding	1
telomerase activity	1
enzyme inhibitor activity	1
sequence-specific DNA binding	1
nucleic acid binding	1
binding	1
chromosomal region	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
nuclear telomere cap complex	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

286 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TEN1	CTC1	Q2NKJ3	994
TEN1	STN1	Q9H668	986
TEN1	ANKRD10	Q9NXR5	545
TEN1	RIF1	Q5UIP0	509
TEN1	SHLD2	Q86V20	493
TEN1	C1orf226	A1L170	475
TEN1	SHLD3	Q6ZNX1	455
TEN1	SHLD1	Q8IYI0	419
TEN1	TINF2	Q9BSI4	379
TEN1	CDYL2	Q8N8U2	353
TEN1	DHRS1	Q96LJ7	351
TEN1	DDX47	Q9H0S4	349
TEN1	SNRNP25	Q9BV90	348
TEN1	ACD	Q96AP0	348
TEN1	MGRN1	O60291	347

IntAct

87 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TEN1	STN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.910
STN1	TEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.910
TEN1	CTC1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.860
CTC1	TEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.860
TEN1	CTC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.860
CTC1	TEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.860
TEN1	CASP6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	FGFR3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRIN2C	TEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	HSPB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	LAMP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	PRPH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	PRPS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	RAN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	BAG6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KLF11	TEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	NUP58	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	KIF1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	HTRA2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	UBQLN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TEN1	PRPF40A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (18): TEN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEN1 (Two-hybrid), TEN1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), CTC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TPR (Affinity Capture-MS), TEN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), YTHDC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEN1 (Co-fractionation), TEN1 (Co-fractionation), TEN1 (Co-fractionation), TEN1 (Co-fractionation), TEN1 (Co-fractionation), TEN1 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNQ6, A2RT67, A2RUS2, A6NC42, A6NGQ2, A9X185, O75031, O75817, O94955, O95267, P50747, Q06VW1, Q0II25, Q0ZFW8, Q1RMS8, Q1RMZ1, Q29108, Q2TBA3, Q3T0J1, Q3TYS2, Q4VX76, Q568D5, Q568M3, Q587J7, Q5JSQ8, Q5T9G4, Q5ZLS2, Q62522, Q69ZK0, Q6AYA6, Q6P5G6, Q7Z7H3, Q80X86, Q86WV5, Q8BXK4, Q8C0Q9, Q8CHQ0, Q8TCU6, Q8WUE5, Q91Z62

Diamond homologs: Q86WV5, Q9D7K2

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
TEN1	“form complex”	“CST complex”	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3243044	NC_000017.10:g.(?73974677)(73976617_?)del	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

531 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:75991460:TTCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75991461:TCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75991463:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75991465:G:GA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75991619:GCAGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:75991622:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:75991623:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:75979508:ACAGG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75979509:CAGG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75979510:AGGTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75991464:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75991465:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75991465:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75991465:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75991621:AGG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75991624:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
17:75991625:T:G	donor_loss	0.9900
17:76000139:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:76000140:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75986183:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
17:75986184:C:G	acceptor_loss	0.9800
17:75986185:A:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
17:75991464:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:75991464:AGGTT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:75991465:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:75991465:GGTTG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:76000140:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:76000140:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
17:75986132:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9700
17:75986133:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

794 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:75986281:G:A	G30D	0.977
17:75991597:T:A	V75D	0.971
17:75991602:G:T	G77W	0.971
17:75986273:A:C	R27S	0.968
17:75986273:A:T	R27S	0.968
17:75986280:G:C	G30R	0.967
17:75991543:T:A	V57D	0.963
17:75986281:G:T	G30V	0.961
17:75991549:C:T	T59I	0.961
17:75991602:G:A	G77R	0.960
17:75991602:G:C	G77R	0.960
17:75991603:G:T	G77V	0.959
17:75991603:G:A	G77E	0.958
17:75991590:T:G	Y73D	0.949
17:75991504:T:A	L44Q	0.948
17:75986229:T:A	W13R	0.944
17:75986229:T:C	W13R	0.944
17:75986275:C:A	T28K	0.943
17:75986277:T:C	F29L	0.943
17:75986279:T:A	F29L	0.943
17:75986279:T:G	F29L	0.943
17:75991468:T:C	L32S	0.941
17:75986272:G:C	R27T	0.936
17:76000162:C:A	A91E	0.936
17:76000204:T:C	L105S	0.933
17:76000212:G:C	A108P	0.931
17:75991504:T:G	L44R	0.929
17:75986231:G:C	W13C	0.925
17:75986231:G:T	W13C	0.925
17:76000165:G:C	R92P	0.921

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000059064 (17:75977297 G>A,C), RS1000082215 (17:75984173 G>A,C), RS1000606997 (17:76000518 C>A,T), RS1000672697 (17:75988618 A>C,G), RS1000721935 (17:75994905 G>A), RS1000735619 (17:75990693 G>A,T), RS1000768201 (17:75996147 T>C), RS1000799225 (17:75995880 C>A,T), RS1001041525 (17:75988913 G>T), RS1001069172 (17:75989049 G>A), RS1001081127 (17:75982585 CTTTGT>C,CTTTGTTTTGT), RS1001135066 (17:75982277 T>G), RS1001280873 (17:75995993 G>A), RS1001290573 (17:75995723 A>G), RS1001353626 (17:75988794 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613130 | disease phenotypes: MIM:264470

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency (MONDO:0009919)

Orphanet (1): Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency (Orphanet:2971)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010107_21	L-selectin levels	7.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008202	L-Selectin measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C536662	Peroxisomal ACYL-COA oxidase deficiency (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

14 total (human), top 14 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression	2
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Cadmium	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Cosmetics	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Flame Retardants	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Plasticizers	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Urethane	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Phytoestrogens	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01668186	Not specified	RECRUITING	Longitudinal Natural History Study of Patients With Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders (PBD)