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Atlas / Gene / TEX101

TEX101

gene
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Also known as MGC4766SGRGCT131SPATA44TES101RP

Summary

TEX101 (testis expressed 101, HGNC:30722) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.31, encoding Testis-expressed protein 101 (Q9BY14). Plays a role in fertilization by controlling binding of sperm to zona pellucida and migration of spermatozoa into the oviduct.

Predicted to be involved in binding activity of sperm to zona pellucida; flagellated sperm motility; and regulation of flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in acrosomal vesicle; extracellular region; and plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane raft.

Source: NCBI Gene 83639 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 40 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001130011

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:30722
Approved symbolTEX101
Nametestis expressed 101
Location19q13.31
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGC4766, SGRG, CT131, SPATA44, TES101RP
Ensembl geneENSG00000131126
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM612665
Entrez83639

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000598265, ENST00000601707, ENST00000602198, ENST00000917590, ENST00000945096

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001130011 NM_001130011, NM_031451

CCDS: CCDS12619, CCDS59393

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000598265 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000031826714341489043415038
ENSE000034848684341816843418597
ENSE000036648374341609943416242
ENSE000036650514341637343416555
ENSE000036718754341588143415983
ENSE000036937154341787843418006

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 152 present calls, max score 98.70.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1059 / max 118.6354, expressed in 4 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1761890.06724
1761900.03383
1761910.00493

Top tissues by expression

247 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right testisUBERON:000453498.70gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453398.11gold quality
testisUBERON:000047395.16gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370188.84gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702387.35gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047386.40gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233682.75gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004382.64gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099178.84gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818873.57gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583473.52gold quality
spermCL:000001971.29silver quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548869.44gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425269.34gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065567.01silver quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246967.01gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008366.53gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207966.24silver quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481966.01gold quality
oocyteCL:000002365.68silver quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194965.60silver quality
gingivaUBERON:000182865.03silver quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692065.03silver quality
endothelial cellCL:000011564.97gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183164.43gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150764.09gold quality
upper arm skinUBERON:000426362.68gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830362.67gold quality
nasal cavity epitheliumUBERON:000538462.07gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208061.74gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-124263yes1930.51
E-GEOD-134144yes1821.95
E-ANND-3yes2.59

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

13 targeting TEX101, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-33A-3P99.7070.273362
HSA-MIR-494-3P99.7071.452795
HSA-MIR-568999.5071.261154
HSA-MIR-217-5P99.4969.931419
HSA-MIR-6807-3P99.1569.231275
HSA-MIR-92299.0267.231838
HSA-MIR-513B-3P98.7668.121577
HSA-MIR-4709-5P98.5167.251335
HSA-MIR-6867-3P98.1266.071305
HSA-MIR-446997.9365.811319
HSA-MIR-10398-5P97.1264.941051
HSA-MIR-61492.1266.5755

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

  • NYD-SP8 has a role in regulating ECM degradation, providing a novel mechanism that modulates urokinase signalling in the suppression of cancer progression (PMID:19017363)
  • identification & function of a novel sperm GPI-anchored membrane protein, NYD-SP8; release of NYD-SP8 during sperm-egg interaction & binding to cumulus elicits cross-talk between the gametes leading to the acrosome reaction (PMID:19153666)
  • The SPATA19 and TEX101 genes may be possible targets for cancer immunotherapy and novel markers for early detection of basal cell carcinoma. (PMID:19886887)
  • Combination of two proteins, SPAG11B and TEX101, can be used for differential diagnosis of azoospermia (PMID:21933954)
  • Overexpression of NYD-SP8 in various nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines indicated its complicated functions, and that it could play an important role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma carcinogenesis. (PMID:22158499)
  • TEX101 is a cancer-testis (CT) gene useful for detection of CML. It was expressed in 30% of CML patients, but not in healthy donors. Unlike many CT genes, overexpression of TEX101 was not shown to induce immunologic responses in these samples. (PMID:22588436)
  • Clinical assays for ECM1 and TEX101 have the potential to replace most of the diagnostic testicular biopsies and facilitate the prediction of outcome of sperm retrieval procedures, increasing the reliability and success of assisted reproduction techniques (PMID:24259048)
  • Overexpression of TEX101 is associated with breast tumors. (PMID:25994570)
  • Study provides evidence that spermatozoa of rs35033974 homozygous men have substantially reduced levels of TEX101 and could be used as a model to elucidate the precise TEX101 function. Because TEX101 seminal plasma levels were found significantly lower in heterozygous than in WT men, rs35033974 status could be considered in TEX101 diagnostics. (PMID:30429210)
  • Crystal structure of TEX101, a glycoprotein essential for male fertility, reveals the presence of tandemly arranged Ly6/uPAR domains. (PMID:32608065)
  • Role of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Protein TEX101 and Its Related Molecules in Spermatogenesis. (PMID:32927778)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusTex101ENSMUSG00000062773
rattus_norvegicusTex101ENSRNOG00000020057

Paralogs (2): CD177 (ENSG00000204936), LYPD4 (ENSG00000273111)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Testis-expressed protein 101 — Q9BY14 (reviewed: Q9BY14)

Alternative names: Cell surface receptor NYD-SP8, Scleroderma-associated autoantigen, Spermatogenesis-related gene protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9BY14

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in fertilization by controlling binding of sperm to zona pellucida and migration of spermatozoa into the oviduct. May play a role in signal transduction and promote protein tyrosine phosphorylation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with VAMP3. Interacts with LY6K. Interacts with DPEP3; co-localized on the cell surface of spermatocytes, spermatids, and testicular spermatozoa, co-localized only in cytoplasmic droplets of caput and corpus epididymal sperm. Interacts with ADAM5.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Membrane raft. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Acrosome. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in testis and spermatogonia. Not detected in spermatocytes. Detected in blood leukocytes.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated; by high mannose and/or biantennary complex and/or certain types of hybrid oligosaccharides; possesses different oligosaccharides chains according to its subcellular localization in the testis. Sheds from membrane raft by ACE and released from the cell surface of epididymal sperm while it passes through the caput epididymis leading to disappearance of TEX101 on spermatozoa; is essential to produce fertile spermatozoa.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9BY14-11yes
Q9BY14-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001123483, NP_113639 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR016054LY6_UPA_recep-likeDomain
IPR045860Snake_toxin-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR051899Fert-Immune_med_proteinFamily

Pfam: PF00021

UniProt features (28 total): strand 14, helix 2, sequence variant 2, glycosylation site 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, propeptide 1, turn 1, domain 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7BPRX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.95

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BY14-F181.100.58

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 222

Glycosylation sites (2): 45, 159

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-163125Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins

MSigDB gene sets: 71 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8_TCELL_DN, GOBP_SINGLE_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MICROTUBULE_BASED_PROCESS, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_SPERM_EGG_RECOGNITION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MICROTUBULE_BASED_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_REPRODUCTIVE_PROCESS, BROWN_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_RECOGNITION, GOBP_BINDING_OF_SPERM_TO_ZONA_PELLUCIDA, GOCC_ACROSOMAL_MEMBRANE

GO Biological Process (4): binding of sperm to zona pellucida (GO:0007339), fertilization (GO:0009566), flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317), regulation of flagellated sperm motility (GO:1901317)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): acrosomal vesicle (GO:0001669), acrosomal membrane (GO:0002080), extracellular region (GO:0005576), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853), side of membrane (GO:0098552), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), membrane raft (GO:0045121)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Post-translational protein modification1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
membrane2
sperm-egg recognition1
sexual reproduction1
reproductive process1
cilium-dependent cell motility1
cilium movement involved in cell motility1
sperm motility1
flagellated sperm motility1
regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility1
regulation of reproductive process1
binding1
secretory granule1
acrosomal vesicle1
secretory granule membrane1
cell periphery1
plasma membrane1
membrane raft1
plasma membrane region1
leaflet of membrane bilayer1
cytoplasm1
intracellular vesicle1
membrane microdomain1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1458 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TEX101LY6KQ17RY6815
TEX101DPEP3Q9H4B8751
TEX101PLAURQ03405744
TEX101SPACA4Q8TDM5660
TEX101PHLDB3Q6NSJ2623
TEX101ACRV1P26436595
TEX101LYPD5Q6UWN5582
TEX101PINLYPA6NC86582
TEX101PATE3B3GLJ2571
TEX101LY6LH3BQJ8570
TEX101PDILTQ8N807545
TEX101PRSS55Q6UWB4532
TEX101SLURP1P55000530
TEX101LYPD3O95274521
TEX101ECM1Q16610514

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TEX101DPEP3psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.420
TEX101PSMD12psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TEX101NDUFA4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TEX101ITGB1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TEX101GGT3Ppsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TEX101MAP4K4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TEX101ACEpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (258): PLAUR (Affinity Capture-Western), PLAU (Affinity Capture-Western), TEX101 (Affinity Capture-Western), RBM27 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUL9 (Affinity Capture-MS), THY1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ACE2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), COX5A (Affinity Capture-MS), ART3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CAND2 (Affinity Capture-MS), IPO4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ITGB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BSG (Affinity Capture-MS), ARPC1B (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNB3, A0JNL5, A6NC86, H3BJG9, H3BQJ8, O55186, O94772, O95867, P05533, P0CW02, P0CW03, P0DTL4, P13987, P35456, P35459, P35460, P35461, P46657, P47777, P49616, P57096, P58019, Q03405, Q05588, Q14210, Q148C3, Q28216, Q28785, Q32PB3, Q4R5M8, Q5R510, Q63317, Q64253, Q6UWN5, Q6UX82, Q80ZQ0, Q8K1T6, Q8SQ46, Q8TDM5, Q924B5

Diamond homologs: Q7TQN2, Q8N6Q3, Q8R2S8, Q924B5, Q9BY14, Q9JMI7, Q32LD3, Q6UWN0, Q8BVP6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

40 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance33
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

976 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
19:43415979:GACCT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
19:43415984:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416097:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416097:AGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416097:AGCG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416098:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416098:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416098:GCG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416098:GCGG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416182:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416218:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416219:A:Tdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416239:GCAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416368:AACAG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:43416481:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416490:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
19:43416544:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
19:43417741:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
19:43417741:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
19:43417745:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
19:43418004:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
19:43415980:ACCT:Adonor_gain0.9900
19:43415981:CCT:Cdonor_gain0.9900
19:43415982:CT:Cdonor_gain0.9900
19:43415983:TGTG:Tdonor_loss0.9900
19:43415984:G:GAdonor_loss0.9900
19:43415985:TGCG:Tdonor_loss0.9900
19:43415987:CG:Cdonor_loss0.9900
19:43416094:CTCA:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
19:43416095:TCA:Tacceptor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

1593 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
19:43416212:T:AC60S0.990
19:43416213:G:CC60S0.990
19:43416172:G:CW46C0.986
19:43416172:G:TW46C0.986
19:43416504:T:AC114S0.979
19:43416505:G:CC114S0.979
19:43416474:T:CS104P0.978
19:43417976:T:AC164S0.978
19:43417977:G:CC164S0.978
19:43416116:T:AC28S0.977
19:43416117:G:CC28S0.977
19:43416214:C:GC60W0.976
19:43416401:G:CK79N0.975
19:43416401:G:TK79N0.975
19:43417904:T:AC140S0.974
19:43417905:G:CC140S0.974
19:43416509:T:AN115K0.973
19:43416509:T:GN115K0.973
19:43418197:G:TG184C0.973
19:43416118:T:GC28W0.971
19:43417955:T:AC157S0.971
19:43417956:G:CC157S0.971
19:43416212:T:CC60R0.970
19:43416405:T:AC81S0.969
19:43416406:G:CC81S0.969
19:43416219:A:TE62V0.968
19:43416489:T:AC109S0.968
19:43416490:G:CC109S0.968
19:43416228:T:CL65P0.967
19:43417955:T:CC157R0.967

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000071900 (19:43417084 T>G), RS1000120078 (19:43415304 T>C), RS1000179265 (19:43388045 C>T), RS1000196499 (19:43404772 A>G), RS1000206295 (19:43393140 A>G), RS1000417832 (19:43404454 G>C), RS1000533845 (19:43414250 C>A,T), RS1000789187 (19:43398961 T>C), RS1000866572 (19:43403306 T>C), RS1000995990 (19:43409092 T>C), RS1001127116 (19:43414422 A>G), RS1001179865 (19:43388238 G>A), RS1001324757 (19:43405732 C>G,T), RS1001355872 (19:43405427 A>T), RS1001500469 (19:43417301 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612665 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002652_14Cotinine glucuronidation4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006508cotinine glucuronidation measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Diethylhexyl Phthalatedecreases expression1
Nickelincreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Valproic Acidincreases methylation1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.4
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 75

This page pulls from 75 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

alphafoldalphamissenseantibodybgeebgee_evidencebindingdbbiogrid_interactionbrendabrenda_kineticsccdscellosauruschembl_activitychembl_targetciviccivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclingen_gene_validityclinical_trialsclinvarcollectrictd_gene_interactiondbsnpdepmapdiamond_similarityefoensemblentrezesm2_similarityexonfantom5_genefantom5_promotergenccgenerifgogoparentgtopdbgwasgwas_studyhgnchpointactinterprointogenjasparmeshmimmirdbmondomsigdborphanetorthologparalogpdbpfampharmgkb_clinicalpharmgkb_genepharmgkb_guidelinepharmgkb_variantpubchempubchem_activitypubchem_assaypubmedreactomereactomeparentrefseqrhearnacentralscxa_expressionscxa_gene_experimentsignorspliceaistring_interactiontranscriptufeatureuniprot