TEX11

Summary

TEX11 (testis expressed 11, HGNC:11733) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xq13.1, encoding Testis-expressed protein 11 (Q8IYF3). Regulator of crossing-over during meiosis.

This gene is X-linked and is expressed in only male germ cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 56159 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2 (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 180 total — 17 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 12
• MANE Select transcript: NM_031276

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11733
Approved symbol	TEX11
Name	testis expressed 11
Location	Xq13.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	TSGA3, TGC1, ZIP4, ZIP4H, MZIP4, Spo22
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000120498
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300311
Entrez	56159

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 4 protein_coding

ENST00000344304, ENST00000374320, ENST00000374333, ENST00000395889

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_031276 NM_001003811, NM_031276

CCDS: CCDS35323, CCDS43968

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000374333 — 30 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000815621	70529835	70529999
ENSE00000893187	70651450	70651552
ENSE00000893188	70629611	70629735
ENSE00000893189	70624839	70624924
ENSE00000893192	70609091	70609177
ENSE00000893193	70606959	70607029
ENSE00000893194	70605401	70605517
ENSE00000893195	70591751	70591823
ENSE00000893196	70554651	70554800
ENSE00000893197	70553306	70553414
ENSE00000893198	70552126	70552246
ENSE00001092372	70853248	70853328
ENSE00001092375	70740701	70740796
ENSE00001161753	70670377	70670514
ENSE00001161763	70678804	70678889
ENSE00001161771	70682674	70682825
ENSE00001161789	70725262	70725343
ENSE00001161801	70744165	70744219
ENSE00001161805	70806705	70806790
ENSE00001161818	70853034	70853153
ENSE00001161828	70860857	70860936
ENSE00001161835	70873223	70873307
ENSE00001210585	70879988	70880109
ENSE00001223175	70610503	70610543
ENSE00001223213	70833513	70833593
ENSE00001223391	70623950	70624006
ENSE00001463176	70528940	70529187
ENSE00001463235	70908654	70908711
ENSE00003614364	70722618	70722696
ENSE00003617602	70907753	70907810

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 68 present calls, max score 93.51.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0840 / max 49.8415, expressed in 11 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
199533	0.0647	10
199532	0.0174	5
199534	0.0020	1

Top tissues by expression

250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	93.51	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	91.53	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	89.46	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	83.70	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.27	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	80.01	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	78.08	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	77.50	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	74.66	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	73.42	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	72.80	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	72.01	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	71.53	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	70.00	silver quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	69.77	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	69.56	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	69.47	silver quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	68.70	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	67.72	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	67.62	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	66.66	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	66.64	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	65.84	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	65.34	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	65.05	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	64.46	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	63.71	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	62.77	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	62.50	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	62.49	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	14.79

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ESR1, ESR2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting TEX11, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-561-3P	99.64	70.90	3647
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472
HSA-MIR-3128	99.50	67.85	1258
HSA-MIR-6868-5P	99.06	65.69	1284
HSA-MIR-4272	98.76	68.74	1810
HSA-MIR-4799-3P	97.78	65.97	893
HSA-MIR-4720-5P	97.46	65.67	893
HSA-MIR-5588-5P	97.46	65.70	913
HSA-MIR-514A-5P	96.94	65.49	801
HSA-MIR-7108-5P	96.42	66.17	598

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

• TEX11 was specifically expressed in human testis. (PMID:11279525)
• hemizygous TEX11 mutations were a common cause of meiotic arrest and azoospermia in infertile men (PMID:25970010)
• Genetic screening of a large cohort of idiopathic infertile men reveals that TEX11 mutations, including frameshift and splicing acceptor site mutations, cause infertility in 1% of azoospermic men. (PMID:26136358)
• TEX11 mutations, including frameshift and splicing acceptor site mutations, cause infertility in 1% of non-obstructive azoospermic men. (PMID:26136358)
• Through the translational regulation of novel RNA targets SMC1B and TEX11, DAZL may have a key role in regulating chromosome cohesion and DNA recombination; two processes fundamental in determining oocyte quality and whose establishment in foetal life may support lifelong fertility. (PMID:28364521)
• Data identified one novel TEX11 mutation in two brothers. The missense mutation is associated with male infertility, especially azoospermia. (PMID:29661171)
• This result suggests that regular expression of TEX11, TEX12, TEX14 and TEX15 is essential for the early stages of spermatogenesis. (PMID:29932616)
• Targeted next-generation sequencing panel screening of 668 Chinese patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. (PMID:33728612)
• A new TEX11 mutation causes azoospermia and testicular meiotic arrest. (PMID:33762476)
• Zinc transporter mutations linked to acrodermatitis enteropathica disrupt function and cause mistrafficking. (PMID:33837739)
• Association of CATSPER1, SPATA16 and TEX11 genes polymorphism with idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia risk in Iranian population. (PMID:35248021)
• Downregulation of TEX11 promotes S-Phase progression and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells through the FOXO3a/COP1/c-Jun/p21 axis. (PMID:36258021)
• Testis-expressed gene 11 inhibits cisplatin-induced DNA damage and contributes to chemoresistance in testicular germ cell tumor. (PMID:36319719)
• Novel mutations of TEX11 are associated with non-obstructive azoospermia. (PMID:37124723)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tex11	ENSDARG00000078995
mus_musculus	Tex11	ENSMUSG00000009670
rattus_norvegicus	Tex11	ENSRNOG00000025672

Protein

Protein identifiers

Testis-expressed protein 11 — Q8IYF3 (reviewed: Q8IYF3)

Alternative names: Protein ZIP4 homolog

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8IYF3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Regulator of crossing-over during meiosis. Involved in initiation and/or maintenance of chromosome synapsis and formation of crossovers.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with SYCP2. Interacts with PBXIP1; may prevent interaction between PBXIP1 and ESR2. Interacts with SHOC1. Interacts with REDIC1.

Subcellular location. Chromosome.

Tissue specificity. Testis-specific. Not expressed in adult ovaries.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2 (SPGFX2) [MIM:309120] An infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects. It is characterized by mixed testicular atrophy and azoospermia with meiotic arrest. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the SPO22 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8IYF3-1	1	yes
Q8IYF3-2	2
Q8IYF3-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001003811, NP_112566* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR011990	TPR-like_helical_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013940	Spo22/ZIP4/TEX11	Family
IPR019734	TPR_rpt	Repeat
IPR042861	TEX11	Family

Pfam: PF08631

UniProt features (9 total): sequence variant 4, splice variant 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8IYF3-F1	86.45	0.57

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 101 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_DN, GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_DN, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_SYNAPTONEMAL_COMPLEX_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOBP_REPRODUCTIVE_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION_INVOLVED_IN_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_SEX_DIFFERENTIATION, SABATES_COLORECTAL_ADENOMA_DN, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, GOBP_HOMOLOGOUS_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, GOBP_FERTILIZATION

GO Biological Process (15): resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates (GO:0000712), meiotic gene conversion (GO:0006311), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), male meiosis chromosome segregation (GO:0007060), synaptonemal complex assembly (GO:0007130), reciprocal meiotic recombination (GO:0007131), male gonad development (GO:0008584), fertilization (GO:0009566), ectopic germ cell programmed cell death (GO:0035234), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), chiasma assembly (GO:0051026), negative regulation of developmental process (GO:0051093), negative regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000242), male meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007140), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): central element (GO:0000801), chromosome (GO:0005694), condensed nuclear chromosome (GO:0000794), synaptonemal complex (GO:0000795)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
reproductive process	3
reciprocal meiotic recombination	2
meiosis I cell cycle process	2
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis	2
cellular component assembly	2
meiotic cell cycle process	2
sexual reproduction	2
negative regulation of biological process	2
meiotic nuclear division	2
gene conversion	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
male meiotic nuclear division	1
meiotic chromosome segregation	1
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle	1
synaptonemal complex organization	1
meiosis I	1
reciprocal homologous recombination	1
gonad development	1
development of primary male sexual characteristics	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
programmed cell death involved in cell development	1
apoptotic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of programmed cell death	1
developmental process	1
regulation of developmental process	1
regulation of reproductive process	1
male gamete generation	1
meiotic cell cycle	1
cell cycle	1
binding	1
synaptonemal complex	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
nuclear chromosome	1
condensed chromosome	1
nucleus	1
synaptonemal structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1070 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TEX11	SYCP2	Q9BX26	961
TEX11	HFM1	A2PYH4	866
TEX11	MSH4	O15457	811
TEX11	C1orf146	Q5VVC0	798
TEX11	SHOC1	Q5VXU9	786
TEX11	RNF212	Q495C1	774
TEX11	MSH5	O43196	743
TEX11	TEX15	Q9BXT5	728
TEX11	SPO11	Q9Y5K1	716
TEX11	HORMAD1	Q86X24	700
TEX11	MEIOB	Q8N635	684
TEX11	SYCE1	Q8N0S2	666
TEX11	HORMAD2	Q8N7B1	663
TEX11	TAF7L	Q5H9L4	649
TEX11	ZMYND15	Q9H091	628

IntAct

125 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TEX11	STMN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
BORCS8	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
STMN2	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
TEX11	BORCS8	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
CDKN1A	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
HYI	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TEX11	POM121	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TEX11	SNX7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TEX11	HYI	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
POM121	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TEX11	CDKN1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
SNX7	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
NEFL	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600

BioGRID (135): TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid), TEX11 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4P9, A4QNG1, B1WB06, B8JLV7, F4HVW5, F4IRM4, F4J264, F4JTI1, K7TQE3, O48781, O65573, O80462, O81893, O82387, Q0IY07, Q0WPN7, Q3EBL9, Q3KPR1, Q3ZBK3, Q5BK13, Q5M7V7, Q5M856, Q5MK23, Q5MK24, Q5RHZ2, Q6BDI9, Q6E7H0, Q7X6P3, Q7ZYB4, Q84JN1, Q84M47, Q84WF5, Q8IYF3, Q8L7N4, Q8LBH4, Q8RXH2, Q8S9J3, Q8W032, Q8W4F0, Q94BM7

Diamond homologs: Q14AT2, Q8IYF3

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 49 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
flagellated sperm motility	5	16.2×	3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

180 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	17
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	64
Likely benign	20
Benign	8

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (17)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1210142	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1751+2T>G	Pathogenic
1210143	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1381-1G>A	Pathogenic
1210144	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.2568G>T (p.Trp856Cys)	Pathogenic
1210145	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1006G>T (p.Glu336Ter)	Pathogenic
1210146	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1208dup (p.Asn403fs)	Pathogenic
1210147	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.253del (p.Val85fs)	Pathogenic
1210148	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.812del (p.Lys271fs)	Pathogenic
192378	NC_000023.10:g.69954448_70045530del	Pathogenic
3061752	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1008dup (p.Ser337fs)	Pathogenic
3061753	NM_001003811.2:c.(-157_-99+1)_(738-1_792+1)del	Pathogenic
3061754	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1200G>A (p.Trp400Ter)	Pathogenic
3061755	NM_001003811.2:c.(652-1_737+1)_(738-1_792+1)del	Pathogenic
3061756	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.686G>A (p.Trp229Ter)	Pathogenic
3061762	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.1792+1G>C	Pathogenic
3061763	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.37+10228del	Pathogenic
3061764	NM_031276.3(TEX11):c.747+1G>A	Pathogenic
3061765	NM_001003811.2:c.(159+1_160-1)_(692+1_693-1)del	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

4800 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:70529851:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70529996:CTTT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70530008:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70552124:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70552125:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70552125:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70552125:CAGTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70552243:TTTG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70552244:TTG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70552245:TG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70552247:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70553303:AAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70553304:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70553305:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70553410:TATTA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70553412:TTA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70553413:TA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70553415:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:70554649:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70554650:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70554693:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70606952:AACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606953:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606954:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606955:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606956:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606957:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70606957:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
X:70606958:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:70606958:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6191 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:70853042:C:G	A188P	0.995
X:70744213:G:C	S248R	0.992
X:70744213:G:T	S248R	0.992
X:70744215:T:G	S248R	0.992
X:70529900:A:G	W889R	0.991
X:70529900:A:T	W889R	0.991
X:70529954:A:G	W871R	0.989
X:70529954:A:T	W871R	0.989
X:70806712:A:G	W244R	0.989
X:70806712:A:T	W244R	0.989
X:70607027:A:G	W643R	0.984
X:70607027:A:T	W643R	0.984
X:70873285:A:G	L76P	0.983
X:70529968:A:G	L866P	0.982
X:70833593:C:G	A191P	0.982
X:70853276:G:T	A141D	0.981
X:70607017:G:T	A646D	0.980
X:70529944:C:T	G874E	0.979
X:70873295:C:G	A73P	0.979
X:70553409:C:G	A781P	0.978
X:70553408:G:T	A781E	0.977
X:70853256:C:G	A148P	0.976
X:70853312:C:T	G129E	0.976
X:70833566:C:G	A200P	0.972
X:70529945:C:G	G874R	0.971
X:70529945:C:T	G874R	0.971
X:70554741:C:G	A749P	0.971
X:70605466:A:G	C683R	0.970
X:70740775:C:G	A272P	0.970
X:70806708:A:G	L245P	0.970

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000010705 (X:70803780 T>C), RS1000012498 (X:70696624 C>A), RS1000020793 (X:70862119 A>C), RS1000034844 (X:70752000 G>A,C), RS1000044179 (X:70885717 C>G), RS1000055047 (X:70871094 A>C,G), RS1000056883 (X:70725124 T>A), RS1000086966 (X:70751617 A>C), RS1000087487 (X:70810031 C>T), RS1000109178 (X:70888684 C>A,T), RS1000112714 (X:70844939 A>T), RS1000117410 (X:70807410 G>A), RS1000126374 (X:70618481 G>A), RS1000126672 (X:70870606 A>G), RS1000137370 (X:70637915 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300311 | disease phenotypes: MIM:309120

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2	Strong	X-linked
male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (3): spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2 (MONDO:0010647), male infertility (MONDO:0005372), (MONDO:0018393)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

12 total (12 of 12 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000027	Azoospermia
HP:0000029	Testicular atrophy
HP:0000118	Phenotypic abnormality
HP:0000837	Increased circulating gonadotropin level
HP:0001419	X-linked recessive inheritance
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0008669	Abnormal spermatogenesis
HP:0008734	Decreased testicular size
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0011961	Non-obstructive azoospermia
HP:0011962	Obstructive azoospermia
HP:0031038	Spermatogenesis maturation arrest

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006011_36	Mean corpuscular volume	3.000000e-08
GCST008151_52	Waist circumference	8.000000e-06
GCST008160_11	Waist circumference	8.000000e-06

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

15 total (human), top 15 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation	2
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Latex	increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Phenobarbital	affects expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00178516	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin E and Male Infertility
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT00341120	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
NCT00481403	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Sperm Molecular Factors Implicated in Male Fertility
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT00596739	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Semen Analyses and Reproductive Hormone Levels of Men Undergoing Weight-reduction Surgery
NCT00756561	Not specified	COMPLETED	HOP-2A - Intratesticular Hormone Levels
NCT00961558	Not specified	TERMINATED	Canadian Varicocelectomy Initiative (CVI): Effects on Male Fertility and Testicular Function of Varicocelectomy
NCT01075334	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Is a Carnitine Based Food Supplement (PorimoreTM) for Infertile Men Superior to Folate and Zinc With Regard to Pregnancy Rates in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles?
NCT01178463	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Azoospermic Patients: a Comparison Between Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia