TEX15

Summary

TEX15 (testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated, HGNC:11738) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8p12, encoding Testis-expressed protein 15 (Q9BXT5). Required during spermatogenesis for normal chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination in germ cells.

This gene encodes a protein that is required for DNA double-strand break repair, chromosome synapsis, and meiotic recombination in spermatocytes. Male mice with a knockout of the orthologous gene are viable but sterile. Loss-of-function mutations in the orthologous mouse gene cause early meiotic arrest in spermatocytes, before the mid-pachytene stage. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with nonobstructive azoospermia.

Source: NCBI Gene 56154 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation (Supportive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 534 total — 7 pathogenic, 15 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 12
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001350162

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11738
Approved symbol	TEX15
Name	testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated
Location	8p12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CT42
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000133863
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605795
Entrez	56154

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 3 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000256246, ENST00000518257, ENST00000638951, ENST00000643185

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001350162 NM_001350162

CCDS: CCDS87593

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000643185 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000911602	30836803	30838061
ENSE00000911603	30839906	30839964
ENSE00001167066	30831544	30833323
ENSE00002090819	30867265	30867502
ENSE00002109501	30858668	30858830
ENSE00002113715	30859911	30860057
ENSE00002133619	30874937	30875102
ENSE00003803810	30842004	30849316
ENSE00003818610	30898742	30898817
ENSE00003827181	30912879	30913008
ENSE00003830142	30887167	30887311

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 76 present calls, max score 95.02.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.4242 / max 39.9982, expressed in 142 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
92642	0.2312	96
92641	0.1407	59
92643	0.0523	24

Top tissues by expression

257 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	95.02	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	91.64	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	88.05	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	82.40	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	78.93	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	78.44	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	77.27	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	76.13	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	71.17	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	71.17	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	64.23	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	63.90	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	62.90	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	61.88	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	61.29	silver quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	60.95	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	60.47	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	56.65	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	56.27	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	54.81	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	54.10	silver quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	53.78	silver quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	53.53	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	53.20	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	52.75	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	52.58	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	52.46	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	51.85	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	51.72	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	51.17	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.03

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• the polymorphisms rs323346 and rs323347 of the TEX15 gene could be considered the genetic risk factors for spermatogenic failure in the Chinese Han population (PMID:22581801)
• Data identified nonsense mutation in TEX15 gene co-segregating with the infertility phenotype, as the cause of spermatogenic defects. (PMID:26199321)
• TEX15 could become a clinical marker for detection of nonobstructive azoospermia or cryptozoospermia–{CASE REPORT} (PMID:28303806)
• Our results indicate a potential role in breast cancer predisposition for heterozygous truncating mutations in FANCD2 and TEX15. Based on our results, FANCD2 c.2715 + 1G > A might act as a moderate breast cancer risk allele, adding FANCD2 to the list of shared genes between FA and breast cancer. (PMID:28386063)
• In Han Chinese, the rare variant, Q1631H in DNA repair gene, TEX15, is associated with prostate cancer risk. (PMID:28730685)
• This result suggests that regular expression of TEX11, TEX12, TEX14 and TEX15 is essential for the early stages of spermatogenesis. (PMID:29932616)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tex15	ENSDARG00000098929
mus_musculus	Tex15	ENSMUSG00000009628
rattus_norvegicus	Tex15	ENSRNOG00000007748

Protein

Protein identifiers

Testis-expressed protein 15 — Q9BXT5 (reviewed: Q9BXT5)

Alternative names: Cancer/testis antigen 42

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A1W2PS94, A0A2R8Y358, Q9BXT5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Required during spermatogenesis for normal chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination in germ cells. Necessary for formation of DMC1 and RAD51 foci on meiotic chromosomes, suggesting a specific role in DNA double-stranded break repair. Essential executor of PIWIL4-piRNA pathway directed transposon DNA methylation and silencing in the male embryonic germ cells. PIWIL4-piRNA binds to nascent transposon transcripts and interacts with TEX15, which may in turn recruit the epigenetic silencing machinery to the transposon loci. Not required for piRNA biosynthesis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with PIWIL4 and PIWIL2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in testis, predominantly in germ cells. Low expression, if any, in ovary. Also expressed in several cancers.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 25 (SPGF25) [MIM:617960] An autosomal recessive infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects that result in severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the TEX15 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001337091* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026616	TEX15	Family
IPR032765	TEX15_dom	Domain

Pfam: PF15326

UniProt features (23 total): sequence variant 10, compositionally biased region 7, region of interest 5, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q9BXT5 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-912446	Meiotic recombination
R-HSA-1474165	Reproduction
R-HSA-1500620	Meiosis
R-HSA-1640170	Cell Cycle

MSigDB gene sets: 162 (showing top): GOBP_MEIOTIC_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DOUBLE_STRAND_BREAK_REPAIR, REACTOME_MEIOTIC_RECOMBINATION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_RECOMBINATION, PEREZ_TP63_TARGETS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DOUBLE_STRAND_BREAK_REPAIR_VIA_HOMOLOGOUS_RECOMBINATION, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_REPAIR, GOBP_SYNAPTONEMAL_COMPLEX_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, GOBP_DNA_METHYLATION_DEPENDENT_CONSTITUTIVE_HETEROCHROMATIN_FORMATION, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS, WEBER_METHYLATED_LCP_IN_FIBROBLAST_DN

GO Biological Process (12): DNA repair (GO:0006281), DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation (GO:0006346), synaptonemal complex assembly (GO:0007130), male meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007140), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), transposable element silencing (GO:0010526), regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (GO:0010569), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing (GO:0031047), DNA damage response (GO:0006974), homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis (GO:0007129), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Meiosis	1
Reproduction	1
Cell Cycle	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle	2
male gamete generation	2
meiotic nuclear division	2
negative regulation of gene expression	2
DNA metabolic process	1
DNA damage response	1
constitutive heterochromatin formation	1
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis	1
cellular component assembly	1
synaptonemal complex organization	1
meiotic cell cycle	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
retrotransposition	1
regulation of DNA recombination	1
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	1
regulation of double-strand break repair	1
cellular developmental process	1
cellular response to stress	1
homologous chromosome segregation	1
cell cycle	1
sexual reproduction	1
reproductive process	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1408 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TEX15	UBL4B	Q8N7F7	927
TEX15	SLC6A17	Q9H1V8	762
TEX15	TEX11	Q8IYF3	728
TEX15	MEIOB	Q8N635	653
TEX15	ALX3	O95076	650
TEX15	SYCE1	Q8N0S2	603
TEX15	UBL4A	P11441	591
TEX15	TEX12	Q9BXU0	558
TEX15	MEI1	Q5TIA1	555
TEX15	SPO11	Q9Y5K1	551
TEX15	ZMYND15	Q9H091	546
TEX15	SPOCD1	Q6ZMY3	545
TEX15	TEX14	Q8IWB6	540
TEX15	PIWIL4	Q7Z3Z4	528
TEX15	TDRKH	Q9Y2W6	527

IntAct

19 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SERPINC1	BTD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TEX15	RPL19	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TEX15	H2BC9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TEX15	GOLGA2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
COLQ	PLOD2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATF6B	AK4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LY6G5B	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SCGB2A2	RTL8C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SPOCK2	VPS4B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LY6G5C	ITGAV	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SERPINC1	HSPA5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TRGV3	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTBP3		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (25): TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Proximity Label-MS), TEX15 (Proximity Label-MS), TEX15 (Proximity Label-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TEX15 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A140LI88, A4D1E1, D3Z987, D3ZUC6, E5FYH0, E5FYH1, E9Q3S4, F6ULY3, F7DF15, G3S077, G7H7V7, G7NY55, O35923, O54952, O88491, O95405, P38398, P48754, P51587, P97929, Q0VBV7, Q0VGT4, Q2M3C7, Q3V089, Q56UN5, Q5DTT3, Q5F2C3, Q5VWN6, Q61493, Q68DQ2, Q6J6I8, Q6J6I9, Q6J6J0, Q6NSW3, Q6ZP01, Q7TSY8, Q7Z570, Q80U44, Q864S8, Q864U1

Diamond homologs: F8VPN2, Q9BXT5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

534 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	7
Likely pathogenic	15
Uncertain significance	383
Likely benign	82
Benign	27

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (22)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1071185	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.6906_6907del (p.Arg2302fs)	Pathogenic
1244247	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.8197_8198del (p.Glu2733fs)	Pathogenic
190036	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.3279T>G (p.Tyr1093Ter)	Pathogenic
523229	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.3568A>T (p.Lys1190Ter)	Pathogenic
523230	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.4189del (p.Ser1397fs)	Pathogenic
523231	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.8083C>T (p.Arg2695Ter)	Pathogenic
835432	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.2574_2581del (p.Thr859fs)	Pathogenic
2442295	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.6874_6877del (p.Ser2292fs)	Likely pathogenic
2442299	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.6118T>G (p.Cys2040Gly)	Likely pathogenic
3064769	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.2134C>T (p.Gln712Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3234971	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.6869_6872del (p.Lys2290fs)	Likely pathogenic
3350376	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.7504_7508del (p.Ser2502fs)	Likely pathogenic
3780706	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.5854del (p.Ile1952fs)	Likely pathogenic
3780707	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.8817del (p.Ile2940fs)	Likely pathogenic
3892637	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.9084T>A (p.Tyr3028Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3892639	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.4385_4386insGTGCTGGGATTACAGGCGTGAGCCACCGCGCCCGGCC (p.Ala1463fs)	Likely pathogenic
3892640	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.4257_4266del (p.Cys1420fs)	Likely pathogenic
3892641	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.3816_3817dup (p.Asp1273fs)	Likely pathogenic
4077086	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.8755C>T (p.Gln2919Ter)	Likely pathogenic
4077693	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.2734dup (p.Ile912fs)	Likely pathogenic
4845718	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.4072_4073del (p.Lys1358fs)	Likely pathogenic
4845775	NM_001350162.2(TEX15):c.2580_2583del (p.Asp860fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

380 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:30839900:TCCTA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
8:30839901:CCTAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
8:30839902:CTACC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
8:30839903:TACCT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
8:30839904:A:AG	donor_loss	0.9900
8:30839961:CTAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839962:TAC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839965:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839967:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839970:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839971:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839971:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:30839963:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
8:30839964:CC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
8:30839967:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:30839969:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
8:30833324:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9500
8:30838082:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9500
8:30842000:ATAC:A	donor_loss	0.9500
8:30842002:A:C	donor_loss	0.9500
8:30839964:CCTG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9400
8:30839969:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9400
8:30839970:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9200
8:30842002:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9200
8:30842003:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9200
8:30838069:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9100
8:30838078:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9100
8:30833319:TGGAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.9000
8:30833321:GAGC:G	acceptor_loss	0.9000
8:30833322:AGCT:A	acceptor_loss	0.9000

AlphaMissense

21228 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:30842794:A:G	L2075P	0.985
8:30842741:A:G	W2093R	0.980
8:30842741:A:T	W2093R	0.980
8:30842736:A:C	F2094L	0.977
8:30842736:A:T	F2094L	0.977
8:30842738:A:G	F2094L	0.977
8:30843777:G:C	F1747L	0.977
8:30843777:G:T	F1747L	0.977
8:30843779:A:G	F1747L	0.977
8:30842348:C:G	G2224R	0.970
8:30842348:C:T	G2224R	0.970
8:30842568:A:C	N2150K	0.970
8:30842568:A:T	N2150K	0.970
8:30842998:A:G	L2007P	0.970
8:30846076:A:G	L981P	0.968
8:30843864:G:C	S1718R	0.967
8:30843864:G:T	S1718R	0.967
8:30843866:T:G	S1718R	0.967
8:30843600:A:C	F1806L	0.963
8:30843600:A:T	F1806L	0.963
8:30843602:A:G	F1806L	0.963
8:30843655:C:G	R1788P	0.963
8:30842846:C:G	A2058P	0.961
8:30843912:G:C	F1702L	0.961
8:30843912:G:T	F1702L	0.961
8:30843914:A:G	F1702L	0.961
8:30843940:A:G	L1693P	0.960
8:30842752:C:G	R2089P	0.958
8:30843778:A:G	F1747S	0.957
8:30842713:A:G	L2102P	0.956

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000204 (8:30852902 G>C), RS1000039350 (8:30856485 C>T), RS1000089293 (8:30901354 T>C), RS1000100350 (8:30859252 ATAATT>A), RS1000110804 (8:30858129 A>G,T), RS1000193303 (8:30863076 G>C,T), RS1000201369 (8:30834734 T>C), RS1000250503 (8:30834524 G>A), RS1000252944 (8:30876648 T>C), RS1000308713 (8:30841277 A>T), RS1000309368 (8:30863446 G>A), RS1000316745 (8:30905617 T>A,G), RS1000322869 (8:30882938 A>G), RS1000350744 (8:30882529 G>C), RS1000355145 (8:30876701 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605795 | disease phenotypes: MIM:617960, MIM:258150

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
spermatogenic failure 25	Limited	Unknown

Mondo (4): spermatogenic failure 25 (MONDO:0054729), myoepithelial tumor (MONDO:0002380), spermatogenic failure 1 (MONDO:0009776), (MONDO:0018393)

Orphanet (1): Male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation (Orphanet:399805)

HPO phenotypes

12 total (12 of 12 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000027	Azoospermia
HP:0000118	Phenotypic abnormality
HP:0000837	Increased circulating gonadotropin level
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0008669	Abnormal spermatogenesis
HP:0008734	Decreased testicular size
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0011961	Non-obstructive azoospermia
HP:0011962	Obstructive azoospermia
HP:0030974	Cryptozoospermia
HP:0031039	Spermatocyte maturation arrest

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003518_18	Daytime sleep phenotypes	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D009208	Myoepithelioma	C04.557.435.585
C562902	Oligosynaptic Infertility (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	10
trichostatin A	increases expression	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
lasiocarpine	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Catechin	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Dinitrochlorobenzene	affects binding	1
Paraquat	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	increases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

5 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03600649	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Clinical Trial of SP-2577 (Seclidemstat) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Ewing or Ewing-related Sarcomas
NCT05266196	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	A Rollover Protocol to Allow for Continued Access to the LSD1 Inhibitor Seclidemstat (SP-2577)
NCT06239272	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	NRSTS2021, A Risk Adapted Study Evaluating Maintenance Pazopanib, Limited Margin, Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Selinexor in Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma (NRSTS)
NCT06625190	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Alpha/Beta T and B Cell Depletion With Zoledronic Acid for Solid Tumors
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