TGOLN2

gene
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Also known as TGN51TGN46TGN48TGN38TTGN2

Summary

TGOLN2 (trans-golgi network protein 2, HGNC:15450) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p11.2, encoding Trans-Golgi network integral membrane protein 2 (O43493). May be involved in regulating membrane traffic to and from trans-Golgi network.

This gene encodes a type I integral membrane protein that is localized to the trans-Golgi network, a major sorting station for secretory and membrane proteins. The encoded protein cycles between early endosomes and the trans-Golgi network, and may play a role in exocytic vesicle formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 10618 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 66 total
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_006464

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:15450
Approved symbolTGOLN2
Nametrans-golgi network protein 2
Location2p11.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesTGN51, TGN46, TGN48, TGN38, TTGN2
Ensembl geneENSG00000152291
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM603062
Entrez10618

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 6 protein_coding

ENST00000377386, ENST00000398263, ENST00000409015, ENST00000409232, ENST00000444342, ENST00000971851

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_006464 NM_001206844, NM_001368095, NM_001368096, NM_006464

CCDS: CCDS46351, CCDS56126, CCDS56127, CCDS92789

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000377386 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000010045448532650885327685
ENSE000013284078532491585324998
ENSE000018951598532791785327989
ENSE000019440988531802785322741

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 306 present calls, max score 99.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 99.2419 / max 698.9366, expressed in 1827 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
2938988.05711827
293888.87911666
293911.2971747
293900.9633543
293810.045217

Top tissues by expression

307 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
renal medullaUBERON:000036299.36gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183199.33gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435899.12gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273699.10gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176599.07gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499399.00gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894998.95gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435998.94gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240198.84gold quality
epididymisUBERON:000130198.83gold quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031798.80gold quality
choroid plexus epitheliumUBERON:000391198.80gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039998.79gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190698.79gold quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324498.77gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116698.76gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130498.71gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161498.67gold quality
blood vessel layerUBERON:000479798.67gold quality
pleuraUBERON:000097798.64gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189798.64gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702398.61gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536398.60gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240098.58gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167598.55gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722798.54gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189698.53gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196698.53gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098898.51gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195198.49gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7606no1806.07
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

145 targeting TGOLN2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-1193100.0065.93529
HSA-MIR-4476100.0068.182030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P100.0067.682126
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-3924100.0072.092394
HSA-MIR-432-3P100.0067.86705
HSA-MIR-118499.9968.191458
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-520G-5P99.9966.76658
HSA-MIR-453199.9969.703181
HSA-MIR-3617-3P99.9867.86918
HSA-MIR-27A-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-998599.9872.112939
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-302C-5P99.9772.563642
HSA-MIR-314399.9371.963104
HSA-MIR-454-3P99.9174.011925
HSA-MIR-367199.9073.043897
HSA-MIR-130A-3P99.9073.311861
HSA-MIR-130B-3P99.9073.271850
HSA-MIR-301A-3P99.9073.151839
HSA-MIR-301B-3P99.9073.191836
HSA-MIR-366699.9073.241833
HSA-MIR-429599.9073.111838
HSA-MIR-7162-3P99.8968.161682
HSA-MIR-990299.8969.152250

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

  • FXIII-A associated with podosomes & other structures adjacent to the plasma membrane, containing TGN46 & GM130 but not protein disulphide isomerase. FXIII-A was present in GM130-positive intracellular vesicles that could mediate its transport. (PMID:20086247)
  • These data have identified different itineraries for the retrograde transport of Shiga toxin and TGN38 and distinct retromer components that regulate the transport of these cargos. (PMID:20138391)
  • These analyses do not provide support for the hypothesis that common genetic variation in TGOLN2 contributes significantly to the risk for attempted suicide in subjects with major mood disorders. (PMID:20468057)
  • These results indicate that hepatitis E virus (HEV)forms membrane-associated particles in the cytoplasm, and that the released HEV particles with a lipid membrane retain the antigenicity of TGOLN2 on their surface. (PMID:24221250)
  • Golgi-58K can re-localize to late endosomes upon cellular uptake of PS-ASOs and facilitates endosomal release of ASOs. (PMID:34244781)
  • Sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network by human TGN46. (PMID:38466628)
  • Whole-exome sequencing reveals an association of rs112065068 in TGOLN2 gene with distant metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. (PMID:38670394)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriotgoln2ENSDARG00000102599
mus_musculusTgoln1ENSMUSG00000056429
rattus_norvegicusTgoln2ENSRNOG00000014617

Protein

Protein identifiers

Trans-Golgi network integral membrane protein 2O43493 (reviewed: O43493)

Alternative names: Trans-Golgi network glycoprotein 46, Trans-Golgi network glycoprotein 48, Trans-Golgi network glycoprotein 51, Trans-Golgi network protein 2

All UniProt accessions (2): O43493, A0A5F9UY30

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be involved in regulating membrane traffic to and from trans-Golgi network.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Golgi apparatus. trans-Golgi network membrane.

Tissue specificity. Isoform TGN46 is widely expressed. Isoform TGN51 is more abundant in fetal lung and kidney. Isoform TGN48 is barely expressed in embryonic kidney and promyelocytic cells.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
O43493-2TGN46yes
O43493-3TGN48
O43493-44
O43493-55
O43493-66
O43493-77

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001193773, NP_001355024, NP_001355025, NP_006455* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

Pfam: PF17818

UniProt features (69 total): repeat 14, compositionally biased region 9, glycosylation site 9, sequence variant 8, sequence conflict 7, splice variant 6, modified residue 5, short sequence motif 3, region of interest 2, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
6YAFELECTRON MICROSCOPY9.1

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-O43493-F149.670.02

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 71, 221, 298, 302, 351

Glycosylation sites (9): 39, 82, 96, 152, 180, 208, 222, 373, 377

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

PositionPhenotype
430loss of relocalization to the trans-golgi.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

12 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-381426Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-432722Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis
R-HSA-6811440Retrograde transport at the Trans-Golgi-Network
R-HSA-8856825Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis
R-HSA-8856828Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
R-HSA-8957275Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-199991Membrane Trafficking
R-HSA-199992trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5653656Vesicle-mediated transport
R-HSA-597592Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-6811442Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic

MSigDB gene sets: 166 (showing top): MORF_FLT1, FAELT_B_CLL_WITH_VH_REARRANGEMENTS_DN, SWEET_KRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, BASSO_B_LYMPHOCYTE_NETWORK, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, REACTOME_MEMBRANE_TRAFFICKING, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_2A_DN, GERY_CEBP_TARGETS, GOCC_TRANS_GOLGI_NETWORK, LI_WILMS_TUMOR_VS_FETAL_KIDNEY_1_UP, GOCC_COATED_VESICLE, GOCC_GOLGI_ASSOCIATED_VESICLE, TIEN_INTESTINE_PROBIOTICS_24HR_UP, chr2p11

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), endosome (GO:0005768), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), transport vesicle (GO:0030133), trans-Golgi network transport vesicle (GO:0030140), clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030669), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Membrane Trafficking3
Metabolism of proteins2
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding1
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic1
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis1
Post-translational protein modification1
Vesicle-mediated transport1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
endomembrane system3
cellular anatomical structure2
cytoplasmic vesicle2
binding1
nuclear lumen1
endoplasmic reticulum1
intracellular organelle lumen1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
Golgi apparatus subcompartment1
membrane1
cell periphery1
Golgi-associated vesicle1
transport vesicle1
clathrin-coated vesicle1
clathrin-coated vesicle membrane1
endocytic vesicle membrane1
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2580 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TGOLN2GCC1Q96CN9862
TGOLN2STX6O43752835
TGOLN2MARCHF2Q9P0N8815
TGOLN2GOLGA2Q08379798
TGOLN2EEA1Q15075785
TGOLN2MARCHF3Q86UD3777
TGOLN2GOLGB1Q14789772
TGOLN2COPB1P53618764
TGOLN2PACS1Q6VY07760
TGOLN2IGF2RP11717756
TGOLN2FURINP09958755
TGOLN2TFRCP02786732
TGOLN2GOLPH3Q9H4A6731
TGOLN2GOLGA1Q92805721
TGOLN2LAMP1P11279705

IntAct

44 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TGOLN2KRTAP10-9psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TGOLN2ACBD3psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.550
PIK3R1TGOLN2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
AP2B1TGOLN2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
TGOLN2DENND11psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NRASESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.480
TGOLN2IGF2Rpsi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.450
TGOLN2GGA3psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.450
TGOLN2PGRMC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.420
TGOLN2ABL1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
TGOLN2CRKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
TGOLN2FYNpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
TGOLN2GRB2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
TGOLN2NCK1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
PLCG1TGOLN2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
NS3C15orf61psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SHTN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TMEM223psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TNFRSF10Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CD53RAP1BLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAGEA8METTL15psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DOCK5DPYSL4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TGOLN2VIMpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
AFG2BMMP24OSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC30A10GOLIM4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (1770): KRTAP10-9 (Two-hybrid), TGOLN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MDN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), POLE (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP1A3 (Affinity Capture-MS), NUP188 (Affinity Capture-MS), HEATR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPD1L (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS12 (Affinity Capture-MS), LARS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), IPO13 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PI4KA (Affinity Capture-MS), C16orf58 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOPC (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A060XQP6, A0A1S4FQ37, A2VD23, A3KQQ9, A7E371, B3A0Q3, B3EWZ0, B3EWZ1, B3EWZ4, B7W112, D1FQ14, E9Q9K5, G5EC21, O01949, O16883, O43493, O46203, O55188, O84462, P08721, P10451, P10923, P13665, P14287, P19814, P23498, P31096, P31097, P31098, P31936, P35662, P35663, P98193, Q13316, Q14093, Q28139, Q5MIT9, Q5SRN2, Q5UQ32, Q62313

Diamond homologs: O43493, P19814, Q5R5B8, Q62313, Q62314, Q8NC54, Q8K201

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 44 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Downstream signal transduction665.3×1e-07
DAP12 signaling552.6×4e-06
FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis526.7×4e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

66 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance45
Likely benign3
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

312 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
2:85324911:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85324912:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85324913:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:85324913:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:85324913:ACCT:Adonor_loss1.0000
2:85324914:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:85324914:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85324914:CCTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85324994:ATGAT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:85324995:TGAT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
2:85324996:GAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:85324997:AT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:85324999:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:85326503:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:85326504:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85326505:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85326506:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:85326506:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:85326506:ACCTT:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:85326507:C:CAdonor_gain1.0000
2:85326507:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85326507:CCT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85326507:CCTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85326507:CCTTC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85327912:CTTAC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:85327913:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85327914:TACCC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:85327916:CCCG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:85324913:ACCTT:Adonor_gain0.9900
2:85324914:CCTTC:Cdonor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

2862 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
2:85326514:C:AK406N0.998
2:85326514:C:GK406N0.998
2:85326527:G:TA402D0.998
2:85326542:G:TA397D0.998
2:85326566:A:GL389P0.998
2:85326518:T:AN405I0.997
2:85326554:G:TA393D0.997
2:85324985:A:TV413D0.996
2:85324991:G:TA411D0.996
2:85324925:A:GL433S0.995
2:85324935:A:GY430H0.995
2:85324994:A:TI410N0.995
2:85324997:A:CI409S0.995
2:85324997:A:GI409T0.995
2:85326508:C:AK408N0.995
2:85326508:C:GK408N0.995
2:85324934:T:CY430C0.994
2:85324982:A:GL414P0.994
2:85326515:T:AK406M0.994
2:85326517:G:CN405K0.994
2:85326517:G:TN405K0.994
2:85326522:G:CH404D0.994
2:85326528:C:GA402P0.994
2:85326530:A:TI401N0.994
2:85326534:A:CY400D0.994
2:85326539:A:TV398D0.994
2:85326545:A:TV396E0.994
2:85326558:C:GA392P0.994
2:85324977:C:GG416R0.993
2:85324977:C:TG416R0.993

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000521781 (2:85323603 C>A,T), RS1000611066 (2:85328306 A>C), RS1000738356 (2:85323874 G>A), RS1001134820 (2:85322221 C>A,G,T), RS1001268977 (2:85322994 T>C), RS1001414718 (2:85329124 T>C), RS1001440310 (2:85322495 G>A), RS1001486369 (2:85329425 C>T), RS1001651469 (2:85319881 A>G,T), RS1001700301 (2:85323266 A>T), RS1002202607 (2:85325123 C>A,T), RS1002420612 (2:85327983 G>A), RS1002675389 (2:85321317 T>C), RS1002799287 (2:85326619 A>G), RS1003402124 (2:85319771 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603062 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST010241_421Apolipoprotein A1 levels1.000000e-12
GCST010242_351HDL cholesterol levels1.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004614apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
EFO:0004612high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067035 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

59 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidincreases expression3
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases expression3
methacrylaldehydeincreases abundance, affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases expression2
Acroleinincreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment, affects expression2
Ozoneaffects cotreatment, affects expression, increases expression, increases abundance2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionaffects expression, decreases expression2
Tretinoinaffects expression, increases expression2
FR900359increases phosphorylation1
testosterone enanthateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance1
uranyl acetateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aincreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
nickel sulfatedecreases expression1
coumarindecreases phosphorylation1
enzacameneincreases expression1
tamibaroteneaffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
octylmethoxycinnamatedecreases expression1
torcetrapibincreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
LM11 compoundaffects localization1
bisphenol AFincreases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases expression1
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance1
Amiodaroneincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5652622BindingBinding affinity to human TGOLN2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assayNVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_B1I1Abcam A-549 TGOLN2 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_TS26HAP1 TGOLN2 (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.