TMEM132A

Summary

TMEM132A (transmembrane protein 132A, HGNC:31092) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q12.2, encoding Transmembrane protein 132A (Q24JP5). May play a role in embryonic and postnatal development of the brain.

This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the rat Grp78-binding protein (GBP). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 54972 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 190 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_178031

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31092
Approved symbol	TMEM132A
Name	transmembrane protein 132A
Location	11q12.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GBP, FLJ20539
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000006118
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617363
Entrez	54972

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 6 protein_coding, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 3 retained_intron

ENST00000005286, ENST00000453848, ENST00000534983, ENST00000535480, ENST00000536409, ENST00000536928, ENST00000537065, ENST00000537110, ENST00000538090, ENST00000540112, ENST00000540276, ENST00000543732, ENST00000544065, ENST00000544098

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_178031 NM_017870, NM_178031

CCDS: CCDS44618, CCDS7997

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000453848 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000721297	60935252	60935443
ENSE00000851445	60933542	60933744
ENSE00001360349	60935864	60937159
ENSE00002237626	60924460	60924733
ENSE00003527278	60931689	60931884
ENSE00003537152	60928629	60928960
ENSE00003542450	60931984	60932127
ENSE00003601138	60927641	60927859
ENSE00003627251	60934488	60934764
ENSE00003633778	60927204	60927418
ENSE00003788120	60930510	60930659

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 214 present calls, max score 98.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 28.9487 / max 413.4082, expressed in 1507 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
114528	28.5497	1505
114529	0.3523	217
114526	0.0466	22

Top tissues by expression

272 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	98.35	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	97.36	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	97.19	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	96.99	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	96.74	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	96.66	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	96.32	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	96.28	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	96.24	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	96.23	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	95.68	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	95.34	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	94.84	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	94.84	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	94.78	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	94.59	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	94.53	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	94.46	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	94.25	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	94.05	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	93.78	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	93.33	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	93.26	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	93.23	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	92.82	gold quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	92.75	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	92.66	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	91.88	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	91.83	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	90.64	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-84465	yes	274.01
E-CURD-10	yes	44.36
E-ANND-3	no	2.84

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting TMEM132A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-498-3P	99.91	71.27	1114
HSA-MIR-4688	99.48	64.68	828
HSA-MIR-4652-3P	99.33	70.02	2742
HSA-MIR-6868-3P	98.63	69.64	2259
HSA-MIR-4778-5P	97.96	68.06	1634
HSA-MIR-3936	97.64	64.47	732
HSA-MIR-6787-5P	97.54	63.85	457
HSA-MIR-4652-5P	96.46	64.22	553
HSA-MIR-1908-5P	94.99	63.41	352

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• describes characterization of the rat protein (PMID:12514190)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	si:dkey-1d7.3	ENSDARG00000075837
mus_musculus	Tmem132a	ENSMUSG00000024736
rattus_norvegicus	Tmem132a	ENSRNOG00000021338
drosophila_melanogaster	dtn	FBGN0262730
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00022175

Paralogs (4): TMEM132B (ENSG00000139364), TMEM132D (ENSG00000151952), TMEM132C (ENSG00000181234), TMEM132E (ENSG00000181291)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Transmembrane protein 132A — Q24JP5 (reviewed: Q24JP5)

Alternative names: HSPA5-binding protein 1

All UniProt accessions (5): Q24JP5, F5H765, H0YFB3, H0YFQ1, H0YFQ2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in embryonic and postnatal development of the brain. Increased resistance to cell death induced by serum starvation in cultured cells. Regulates cAMP-induced GFAP gene expression via STAT3 phosphorylation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with HSPA5/GRP78.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the TMEM132 family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q24JP5-1	1	yes
Q24JP5-2	2
Q24JP5-3	3
Q24JP5-4	4

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_060340, NP_821174* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026307	TMEM132	Family
IPR031435	TMEM132_N	Domain
IPR031436	TMEM132_C	Domain
IPR031437	Ig_TMEM132_4th	Domain
IPR055421	TMEM132_3rd	Domain
IPR055422	Ig_TMEM132_2nd	Domain
IPR055423	Ig_TMEM132_5th	Domain
IPR055424	Ig_TMEM132_6th	Domain

Pfam: PF15705, PF15706, PF16070, PF23039, PF23481, PF23486, PF23487

UniProt features (26 total): region of interest 6, splice variant 5, compositionally biased region 4, topological domain 2, sequence variant 2, sequence conflict 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, glycosylation site 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q24JP5-F1	73.41	0.35

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 529

Glycosylation sites (1): 280

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-381426	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-8957275	Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification

MSigDB gene sets: 135 (showing top): TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_WNT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_SECRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_6HR_DN, GOBP_SECRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SIGNAL_RELEASE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_11Q12_Q14_AMPLICON

GO Biological Process (3): positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030177), negative regulation of protein catabolic process (GO:0042177), positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion (GO:0061357)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)

GO Cellular Component (8): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of proteins	2
Post-translational protein modification	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	2
endomembrane system	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
positive regulation of signal transduction	1
Wnt signaling pathway	1
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of catabolic process	1
protein catabolic process	1
regulation of protein catabolic process	1
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	1
positive regulation of cell communication	1
positive regulation of signaling	1
positive regulation of protein secretion	1
Wnt protein secretion	1
regulation of Wnt protein secretion	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
endoplasmic reticulum	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
extracellular vesicle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

586 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TMEM132A	HSPA5	P11021	625
TMEM132A	TMEM62	Q0P6H9	512
TMEM132A	TMED6	Q8WW62	478
TMEM132A	FHIP2B	Q86V87	437
TMEM132A	TMEM164	Q5U3C3	416
TMEM132A	MS4A10	Q96PG2	406
TMEM132A	MGAT5B	Q3V5L5	385
TMEM132A	NAV2	Q8IVL1	385
TMEM132A	TMEM59	Q9BXS4	370
TMEM132A	CDCP2	Q5VXM1	359
TMEM132A	CDHR2	Q9BYE9	356
TMEM132A	TMEM109	Q9BVC6	351
TMEM132A	NKAPD1	Q6ZUT1	321
TMEM132A	ST8SIA5	O15466	311
TMEM132A	SINHCAF	Q9NP50	311

IntAct

98 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
B3GNT3	PGRMC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
CRIPTO	AIP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MGAT4C	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DEFA5	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DEFA1	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CALR3	UBR5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DNASE2B	ARSA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
C1orf54	EXTL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SPCS3	ENTPD6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ANTXR1	WFS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MEGF10	TMEM132A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TMEM132A	WWP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	CCN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DYRK1A	TEX13D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ITM2B	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CACNA1C	SYT5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CACNA1C	IGLL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CACNA1C	CACNB4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HCN1	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CACNA1C	DISP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SYNGAP1	IGLON5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MFAP4	CRLF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TMEM106A	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PCDHGA9	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HLA-DRA	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CLEC12B	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ST8SIA4	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NAAA	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LLCFC1	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (149): TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-RNA), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM132A (Affinity Capture-MS), COX6B1 (Affinity Capture-MS), DBI (Affinity Capture-MS), FYN (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDST1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4M2, A4IFG4, A5D8P8, A6NKD9, A7E2M3, B4F7F3, E9Q6B2, F1MX48, F1SAM7, O97676, P18065, P36956, P47877, P49705, P56720, P56873, Q00709, Q00973, Q09200, Q0IHY5, Q15465, Q24JP5, Q2YD98, Q3TAS6, Q58CS8, Q5QQ49, Q5UCC4, Q60416, Q60698, Q641Q3, Q68FE7, Q6AYH6, Q6DVA0, Q6P7K5, Q6UKI2, Q6WVG3, Q80WF4, Q8IW70, Q8JGM4, Q8K064

Diamond homologs: L7VG99, Q14C87, Q14DG7, Q24JP5, Q6IEE6, Q6IEE7, Q76HP2, Q76HP3, Q80WF4, Q8CEF9, Q8N3T6, Q922P8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 133 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Neutrophil degranulation	17	4.4×	6e-05
Innate Immune System	15	4.3×	3e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

190 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	170
Likely benign	6
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1969 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:60926689:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
11:60926696:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:60927202:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60927203:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60927639:AGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60927640:GGTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60928958:GCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
11:60928961:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60928961:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
11:60928962:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60930505:CCCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:60930506:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:60930508:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930508:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930509:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930509:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930509:GGAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930509:GGATC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60930656:CCAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60930658:AGGTG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60930659:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60930660:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60930661:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60931685:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:60932125:CAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60932126:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60932127:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60932128:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60932129:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:60934761:TGAGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6470 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:60936832:G:C	W999C	0.999
11:60936832:G:T	W999C	0.999
11:60936728:T:C	F965L	0.998
11:60936730:T:A	F965L	0.998
11:60936730:T:G	F965L	0.998
11:60936830:T:A	W999R	0.998
11:60936830:T:C	W999R	0.998
11:60936520:G:C	W895C	0.997
11:60936520:G:T	W895C	0.997
11:60936729:T:G	F965C	0.997
11:60936891:T:C	I1019T	0.997
11:60931777:T:A	W369R	0.995
11:60931777:T:C	W369R	0.995
11:60936837:G:A	C1001Y	0.995
11:60927753:T:C	F143S	0.994
11:60936729:T:C	F965S	0.994
11:60933721:G:C	W512C	0.993
11:60933721:G:T	W512C	0.993
11:60934736:G:A	G603D	0.993
11:60931772:T:A	V367D	0.992
11:60933719:T:A	W512R	0.992
11:60933719:T:C	W512R	0.992
11:60932098:T:A	C443S	0.991
11:60932099:G:C	C443S	0.991
11:60934560:G:C	Q544H	0.991
11:60934560:G:T	Q544H	0.991
11:60934706:C:A	A593D	0.991
11:60935898:A:T	D688V	0.991
11:60936836:T:A	C1001S	0.991
11:60936836:T:C	C1001R	0.991

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000126500 (11:60935104 G>A), RS1000342054 (11:60923591 G>A), RS1000465634 (11:60933971 C>T), RS1000589341 (11:60927990 C>A,T), RS1000647072 (11:60924436 C>T), RS1000676786 (11:60924551 C>A,T), RS1000816634 (11:60934242 C>A,T), RS1000938560 (11:60930324 G>A,C), RS1001537757 (11:60934421 A>C), RS1001810936 (11:60922624 T>C), RS1001985966 (11:60933602 G>A,T), RS1002178861 (11:60924199 C>T), RS1002589490 (11:60933360 T>G), RS1002656945 (11:60927109 C>A,G), RS1002808677 (11:60936979 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617363 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006585_31	Blood protein levels	5.000000e-113

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

30 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
methyleugenol	increases expression	1
propylparaben	increases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
methylparaben	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
perfluorodecanoic acid	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	decreases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Cadmium	increases expression	1
Caffeine	decreases phosphorylation	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Dexamethasone	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Progesterone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	increases expression	1
tert-Butylhydroperoxide	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.