TMEM18

Summary

TMEM18 (transmembrane protein 18, HGNC:25257) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p25.3, encoding Transmembrane protein 18 (Q96B42). Transcription repressor.

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Involved in cell migration. Located in nuclear membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 129787 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 133
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 24 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152834

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25257
Approved symbol	TMEM18
Name	transmembrane protein 18
Location	2p25.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DKFZp434C1714, lncND
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000151353
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613220
Entrez	129787

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 8 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000281017, ENST00000355654, ENST00000405941, ENST00000418447, ENST00000432667, ENST00000461640, ENST00000477202, ENST00000497508, ENST00000718109, ENST00000896867, ENST00000896868, ENST00000896869, ENST00000896870, ENST00000933737

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_152834 NM_001352680, NM_001352681, NM_152834

CCDS: CCDS33141, CCDS86815, CCDS86816

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000281017 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001147514	663877	669675
ENSE00001647029	677289	677406
ENSE00003645492	669757	669850
ENSE00003651190	675510	675630
ENSE00003656826	672808	672862

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 259 present calls, max score 95.83.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 21.7978 / max 124.8777, expressed in 1805 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
26637	20.9733	1804
26638	0.8244	543

Top tissues by expression

260 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	95.83	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	94.98	silver quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	94.63	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	93.75	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	93.06	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	93.05	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	93.00	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	92.24	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	91.84	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	91.73	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	91.61	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	91.57	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	91.55	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	91.23	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	91.22	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	91.19	silver quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	90.89	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	90.88	gold quality
retina	UBERON:0000966	90.87	gold quality
eye	UBERON:0000970	90.87	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	90.86	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	90.76	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	90.43	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	90.42	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	90.32	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	90.32	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	90.31	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	90.21	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	89.98	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	89.90	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.10

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

53 targeting TMEM18, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3134	100.00	66.43	777
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-1236-3P	99.94	68.04	1695
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-4697-3P	99.89	67.09	1123
HSA-MIR-30A-3P	99.87	69.74	2928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P	99.87	69.92	2917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P	99.87	69.68	2942
HSA-MIR-6715A-3P	99.83	68.05	1473
HSA-MIR-6745	99.74	65.33	1321
HSA-MIR-4755-5P	99.71	70.34	2716
HSA-MIR-5006-3P	99.71	70.26	2728
HSA-MIR-518A-5P	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-527	99.70	69.01	2209
HSA-MIR-6892-3P	99.68	66.40	1178
HSA-MIR-466	99.67	70.85	2863
HSA-MIR-6715B-5P	99.64	69.63	1420
HSA-MIR-4743-3P	99.62	68.12	2095
HSA-MIR-4276	99.56	67.66	2514
HSA-MIR-4269	99.55	69.89	1373
HSA-MIR-302A-5P	99.39	68.21	1913
HSA-MIR-584-3P	99.35	67.69	1082
HSA-MIR-4652-3P	99.33	70.02	2742

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 29)

• Overexpression of TMEM18 is associated with glioma (PMID:18559506)
• Data show that SNPs in SEC16B and TMEM18 were significantly associated with obesity, and the SNPs in GNPDA2, BDNF, FAIM2 and MC4R were marginally associated with obesity in Japanese. (PMID:19851340)
• The risk allele TMEM18 rs6548238 was associated with bodym mass index, higher waist circumference and total body fat. (PMID:19910938)
• TMEM18 is involved in both adult and childhood obesity and found in the majority of all brain sites, including the hypothalamus and the brain stem. (PMID:20380707)
• The polymorphisms rs6548238 and rs9935401 showed no association with educational level or income. (PMID:20628085)
• Our data suggest that SNPs in or near the TMEM18 locus contribute to obesity risk in the Greek population. (PMID:21720444)
• Meta-analysis of 4992 subjects revealed seven SNPs near four loci, including NEGR1, TMEM18, SH2B1 /ATP2A1 and MC4R, showing significant association at 0.005 (PMID:21750520)
• We observed a strong positive correlation between TMEM18 expression and body weight in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (r = 0.5694, P = 0.0003) indicating a potential role for TMEM18 in higher functions related to feeding involving the PFC. (PMID:21952719)
• TMEM18 localises to the nuclear membrane and binds to DNA in a sequence-specific manner: perhaps this closed perinuclear localisation of TMEM18-bound DNA might repress transcription from it. (PMID:21980424)
• Variants of TMEM18 and FTO are associated with obesity indices during puberty in Chinese children. (PMID:22083549)
• By age 7, common variations in FTO, TMEM18 and NRXN3 influence the vulnerability to metabolic complications of sleep deprivation. (PMID:22391885)
• TMEM18rs6548238 associated with risk of diabetes after adjustment for body mass index. (PMID:22466342)
• Results imply a regulatory role for TMEM18, BDNF, MTCH2 and NEGR1 in adipocyte differentiation and biology. In addition, we show a variation of MAF expression during adipogenesis, while NPC1, PTER and SH2B1 were not regulated. (PMID:23229156)
• In summary, moderately rare missense variants within the…TMEM18 genes observed in our study did not confer risk of common childhood obesity in African Americans… (PMID:23505181)
• results add to the evidence that BMI related variants in and near FTO and TMEM18 may increase the risk for T2D not only through secondary effects of obesity (PMID:23860325)
• TMEM18 mRNA expression levels are related to phenotypes of obesity and glucose metabolism. (PMID:24763707)
• rs186019316 and rs7596758 in TMEM18 is associated with body mass index. (PMID:24951660)
• FTO-rs9939609, TMEM18-rs6548238 and PCSK1-rs6234 polymorphisms are significantly associated with body mass index in a southern Chinese population. (PMID:25189249)
• Genetic variants associated with BMI and WHR in adults influence growth patterns and general and abdominal fat development from early childhood onwards. (PMID:25640768)
• Studies indicate association of transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) variants within the proximal haplotype block with obesity and body mass. (PMID:26365393)
• Significant associations were identified at 3.5 years old for TMEM18 rs6548238, NEGR1 rs2815752, BDNF rs10767664 and rs6265 (1 year old and 3.5 years old) with anthropometric phenotypes (PMID:27005443)
• TMEM18 gene is a potential biomarker for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (PMID:30199869)
• results suggest that FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase, transmembrane protein 18, and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 genetic variants contribute to obesity susceptibility in children and adolescents (PMID:30311592)
• Decreased body weight in overweight/obese children is not significantly influenced by the NYD-SP18 rs6971091 or TMEM18 rs4854344 polymorphisms. (PMID:30341978)
• Genetic variants in long-noncoding RNA AC092159.2 may contribute to gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population by affecting TMEM18 expression. (PMID:31361511)
• Association of the Variant rs7561317 Downstream of the TMEM18 Gene with Overweight/Obesity and Related Anthropometric Traits in a Sample of Pakistani Population. (PMID:31628562)
• Loci near TMEM18 (rs6548238), CDKAL1 (rs7754840), and FAIM2 (rs7138803) may be associated with obesity-related indicators, and loci near TMEM18 (rs6548238) and FAIM2 (rs7138803) may increase susceptibility of concurrent type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. (PMID:32228543)
• The Obesity-Susceptibility Gene TMEM18 Promotes Adipogenesis through Activation of PPARG. (PMID:33086065)
• Drinking Habits and Physical Activity Interact and Attenuate Obesity Predisposition of TMEM18 Polymorphisms Carriers. (PMID:36678137)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tmem18	ENSDARG00000036704
mus_musculus	Tmem18	ENSMUSG00000043061
rattus_norvegicus	Tmem18	ENSRNOG00000005144
drosophila_melanogaster	Tmem18	FBGN0050051

Protein

Protein identifiers

Transmembrane protein 18 — Q96B42 (reviewed: Q96B42)

All UniProt accessions (4): B5MBX8, F8WBA6, F8WEA7, Q96B42

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcription repressor. Sequence-specific ssDNA and dsDNA binding protein, with preference for GCT end CTG repeats. Cell migration modulator which enhances the glioma-specific migration ability of neural stem cells (NSC) and neural precursor cells (NPC).

Subunit / interactions. Forms homooligomers, independently of the DNA-binding domain.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the TMEM18 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q96B42-1	1	yes
Q96B42-2	2

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001339609, NP_001339610, NP_690047* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026721	TMEM18	Family

Pfam: PF14770

UniProt features (12 total): topological domain 4, transmembrane region 3, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, splice variant 1, region of interest 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96B42-F1	89.83	0.73

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 112 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, chr2p25, GOBP_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_EATING_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_LEVEL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_ENERGY_HOMEOSTASIS, FISCHER_DREAM_TARGETS, GOCC_NUCLEAR_ENVELOPE, GOBP_HOMEOSTATIC_PROCESS, GOBP_FEEDING_BEHAVIOR, GOCC_NUCLEAR_MEMBRANE, TOYOTA_TARGETS_OF_MIR34B_AND_MIR34C, GOCC_ORGANELLE_ENVELOPE, NFE2L2.V2

GO Biological Process (3): cell migration (GO:0016477), eating behavior (GO:0042755), energy homeostasis (GO:0097009)

GO Molecular Function (2): DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), nuclear membrane (GO:0031965), nucleus (GO:0005634), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
cell motility	1
feeding behavior	1
multicellular organismal-level homeostasis	1
nucleic acid binding	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
nucleus	1
nuclear envelope	1
organelle membrane	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

652 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TMEM18	GNPDA2	Q8TDQ7	956
TMEM18	KCTD15	Q96SI1	956
TMEM18	NEGR1	Q7Z3B1	932
TMEM18	MC4R	P32245	928
TMEM18	MTCH2	Q9Y6C9	906
TMEM18	FTO	Q9C0B1	905
TMEM18	SH2B1	Q9NRF2	904
TMEM18	SEC16B	Q96JE7	871
TMEM18	FAIM2	Q9BWQ8	719
TMEM18	V9GXZ4	V9GXZ4	665
TMEM18	TNNI3K	Q59H18	660
TMEM18	TFAP2B	Q92481	657
TMEM18	ETV5	P41161	624
TMEM18	PTER	Q96BW5	616
TMEM18	DNAJC27	Q9NZQ0	601

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CHRND	TPST2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM18	TM9SF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
HPN	TOR1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IFNLR1	AURKA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CHST5	SETD1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLRC3	RNF13	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TMEM18	GALT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (14): TMEM18 (Two-hybrid), REEP4 (Two-hybrid), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), TPK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), GALT (Affinity Capture-MS), MMAB (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), RBM38 (Affinity Capture-MS), TM9SF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM18 (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A067DFU5, A0A067E3D8, A0A1E1FFM9, A0A1Y0BRF5, A0A9Y1LNE1, A0A9Y1LQX3, A2AJQ3, A2ARJ3, A9RA88, B6HV37, B6JWP7, F4HW17, O48962, O59802, O64761, O74870, O94673, P0DXH1, P25338, P38312, P47111, P70245, Q06537, Q0V982, Q10255, Q12155, Q28GF5, Q3TUD9, Q4V7N7, Q54VP1, Q55E32, Q5F3W2, Q5F410, Q5R687, Q5R8N9, Q5U3Y7, Q60490, Q641M3, Q66HF2, Q6DCP8

Diamond homologs: Q28GF5, Q3SZ36, Q3TUD9, Q4V7N7, Q5F410, Q641M3, Q6DGF8, Q96B42

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

24 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	15
Likely benign	4
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

821 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:672860:TGA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:672863:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:675628:CTG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:675631:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:669755:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
2:669756:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
2:669756:CCA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
2:669847:TAAT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:669849:ATCT:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:669850:TCTG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:669851:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:669852:T:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:672858:GATGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:672859:ATGA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:672861:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:675504:ACTC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
2:675505:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
2:675506:TCA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
2:675507:CA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
2:675508:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
2:675509:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
2:675627:TCTGC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:675628:CTGCT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:675629:TG:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
2:675629:TGCT:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:675630:GCTG:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:675631:CT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:675632:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:669677:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9800
2:669855:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

919 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:669826:G:C	F86L	0.998
2:669826:G:T	F86L	0.998
2:669828:A:G	F86L	0.998
2:669808:G:C	F92L	0.996
2:669808:G:T	F92L	0.996
2:669810:A:G	F92L	0.996
2:672823:G:T	A73D	0.996
2:669827:A:C	F86C	0.993
2:672831:A:C	N70K	0.993
2:672831:A:T	N70K	0.993
2:669809:A:G	F92S	0.992
2:669816:C:G	G90R	0.992
2:669816:C:T	G90R	0.992
2:669827:A:G	F86S	0.992
2:669828:A:T	F86I	0.992
2:672832:T:A	N70I	0.992
2:669669:A:G	W112R	0.991
2:669669:A:T	W112R	0.991
2:669815:C:T	G90E	0.991
2:669831:A:G	Y85H	0.991
2:672824:C:G	A73P	0.991
2:669815:C:A	G90V	0.990
2:669809:A:C	F92C	0.989
2:675609:A:G	W27R	0.989
2:675609:A:T	W27R	0.989
2:669824:T:A	D87V	0.988
2:669816:C:A	G90W	0.987
2:669828:A:C	F86V	0.987
2:669785:G:C	P100R	0.986
2:669785:G:T	P100Q	0.986

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000001533 (2:666297 G>A), RS1000022969 (2:675482 G>T), RS1000150745 (2:673558 G>A), RS1000215867 (2:675811 G>A,C,T), RS1000305451 (2:668056 G>A,C,T), RS1000654482 (2:679344 T>C), RS1000769716 (2:674489 G>A,C,T), RS1001039928 (2:669524 C>A,G,T), RS1001125097 (2:663966 G>A,C), RS1001208871 (2:675133 T>C), RS1001418750 (2:672261 G>A), RS1001453257 (2:664912 G>C), RS1001680066 (2:666911 G>A), RS1001692029 (2:666662 G>A), RS1002317958 (2:677122 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613220 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

133 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000296_8	Body mass index	4.000000e-17
GCST000298_1	Body mass index	1.000000e-18
GCST000299_17	Weight	2.000000e-18
GCST000663_4	Obesity (early onset extreme)	2.000000e-07
GCST000830_10	Body mass index	3.000000e-49
GCST000880_5	Menarche (age at onset)	2.000000e-08
GCST001374_3	Uric acid levels	2.000000e-06
GCST001738_9	Response to fenofibrate (adiponectin levels)	3.000000e-06
GCST001762_209	Obesity-related traits	8.000000e-06
GCST001953_18	Obesity	6.000000e-24
GCST001953_44	Obesity	3.000000e-40
GCST001953_65	Obesity	6.000000e-35
GCST001955_3	Body mass index	6.000000e-15
GCST001957_2	Obesity (early onset extreme)	2.000000e-13
GCST002021_1	Body mass index	3.000000e-17
GCST002227_3	Body mass index	1.000000e-07
GCST002349_2	Response to protease inhibitor treatment in hepatitis c (peak serum total bilirubin levels)	1.000000e-06
GCST002352_48	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-07
GCST002461_24	Body mass index	2.000000e-12
GCST002541_36	Menarche (age at onset)	2.000000e-19
GCST002579_24	Heschl’s gyrus morphology	2.000000e-06
GCST002783_23	Body mass index	7.000000e-40
GCST002783_373	Body mass index	5.000000e-54
GCST002783_506	Body mass index	1.000000e-50
GCST002783_98	Body mass index	4.000000e-22
GCST003177_27	Childhood body mass index	5.000000e-22
GCST003435_23	Body fat percentage	6.000000e-08
GCST003435_28	Body fat percentage	1.000000e-10
GCST003435_42	Body fat percentage	3.000000e-08
GCST003435_45	Body fat percentage	3.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (24, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004338	body weight
EFO:0004703	age at menarche
EFO:0004761	uric acid measurement
EFO:0005116	urinary metabolite measurement
EFO:0004570	bilirubin measurement
EFO:0005657	response to protease inhibitor
EFO:0007800	body fat percentage
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior
EFO:0008002	physical activity measurement
EFO:0006941	grip strength measurement
EFO:0008007	age at assessment
EFO:0008343	sex interaction measurement
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density
EFO:0004847	age at onset
EFO:0007041	obese body mass index status
EFO:0005670	smoking initiation
EFO:0004458	C-reactive protein measurement
EFO:0006781	coffee consumption measurement
EFO:0004531	urate measurement
EFO:0000195	metabolic syndrome
EFO:0007796	parental longevity
EFO:0009819	comparative body size at age 10, self-reported
EFO:0009749	age at first sexual intercourse measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment	8
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	increases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Decitabine	decreases expression, affects reaction	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Ketoconazole	decreases expression	1
Ozone	increases abundance, affects expression	1
Pantothenic Acid	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Thiram	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Tunicamycin	increases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1
Vitamin K 3	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.