TRAF6

gene
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Also known as RNF85

Summary

TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6, HGNC:12036) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11p12, encoding TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (Q9Y4K3). E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of ‘Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as ECSIT, IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from, members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein has an amino terminal RING domain which is followed by four zinc-finger motifs, a central coiled-coil region and a highly conserved carboxyl terminal domain, known as the TRAF-C domain and mediates signaling from members of the TNF receptor superfamily as well as the Toll/IL-1 family. Signals from receptors such as CD40, TNFSF11/RANCE and IL-1 have been shown to be mediated by this protein. This protein also interacts with various protein kinases including IRAK1/IRAK, SRC and PKCzeta, which provides a link between distinct signaling pathways. This protein functions as a signal transducer in the NF-kappaB pathway that activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of this protein with UBE2N/UBC13, and UBE2V1/UEV1A, which are ubiquitin conjugating enzymes catalyzing the formation of polyubiquitin chains, has been found to be required for IKK activation by this protein. This protein also interacts with the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor complex and is required for Smad-independent activation of the JNK and p38 kinases. The protein encoded by this gene is a key molecule in antiviral innate and antigen-specific immune responses.

Source: NCBI Gene 7189 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Supportive, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 5
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 43 total
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 15
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_004620

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:12036
Approved symbolTRAF6
NameTNF receptor associated factor 6
Location11p12
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesRNF85
Ensembl geneENSG00000175104
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM602355
Entrez7189

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 5 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000348124, ENST00000526995, ENST00000529150, ENST00000876418, ENST00000876419, ENST00000876420

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_004620 NM_004620, NM_145803

CCDS: CCDS7901

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000526995 — 7 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000011852463649710836497266
ENSE000011852503649849036498640
ENSE000012509773650122036501537
ENSE000013357443651004836510272
ENSE000021788853648376936490650
ENSE000035189043649255136492628
ENSE000036237923649497636495047

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 235 present calls, max score 89.03.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.5807 / max 148.7481, expressed in 1789 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1193939.58071789

Top tissues by expression

275 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
secondary oocyteCL:000065589.03gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011586.45gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099185.33gold quality
oocyteCL:000002385.15gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830383.12gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000682.63gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370182.43gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277182.37gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047381.79gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004381.35gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583480.91gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149680.08gold quality
monocyteCL:000057680.05gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151580.01gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073879.94gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084279.72gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094779.60gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225079.44gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761079.42gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234579.24gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138879.15gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105279.10gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534379.07gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355478.98gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225578.95gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009478.80gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138378.78gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305378.12gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017378.08gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162678.01gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes5.35

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

4 targets.

TargetRegulation
CD40Unknown
IL12BActivation
TICAM1Unknown
VEGFARepression

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, CUX1, FOS, FOXO1, IRF6, MYC, NFATC1, NR2C2, RELA, RUNX1, RUNX3, STAT1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

264 targeting TRAF6, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-4795-3P100.0074.624024
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P100.0069.331837
HSA-MIR-4262100.0073.263931
HSA-MIR-6740-5P100.0065.64932
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-4510100.0066.602050
HSA-MIR-6127100.0066.762188
HSA-MIR-6129100.0066.462080
HSA-MIR-6130100.0066.692012
HSA-MIR-6133100.0066.482064
HSA-MIR-8485100.0077.574731
HSA-MIR-3925-3P100.0069.951237
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-56899.9869.862084
HSA-MIR-4650-5P99.9864.69999
HSA-MIR-806899.9873.852376
HSA-MIR-480399.9871.993117
HSA-MIR-548N99.9871.944170
HSA-MIR-520D-5P99.9873.344883
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • the novel zinc finger protein TIZ may play a role during osteoclast differentiation by modulating TRAF6 signaling activity. (PMID:11751921)
  • The C-terminal fragment of TRAF6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappa B nuclear translocation and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation in endothelial cells. (PMID:12193732)
  • Results establish a major role of TRAF3 and -6 in X-linked ectodermal dysplasia receptor (XEDAR) signaling and in the process of ectodermal differentiation. (PMID:12270937)
  • Pellino 1 is required for interleukin-1-mediated signaling through its interaction with the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4-IRAK-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 complex (PMID:12496252)
  • direct endothelial-stimulatory role of lipopolysaccharides in initiating angiogenesis through activation of TRAF6-dependent signaling pathways. (PMID:12714497)
  • Pellino2 interacts with TRAF6 and activates the MAP kinase pathway. (PMID:12804775)
  • TRAF6 interacts with TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) through the TRAF domain of TRAF6 and TRAF6-binding motifs found in the N-terminal portion of TRIF. (PMID:14530355)
  • In liver cells, IL-1 stimulates TRAF6 poly-ubiquitination (PMID:14550571)
  • STAT3/NF-kappaB p65 cross-talk activated by IL-1 via TRAF6. (PMID:14593105)
  • TRAF6 acts as a bifurcation point of the lipopolysaccharide-initiated death and survival signals in endothelial cells. (PMID:14996708)
  • TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase kinase mediates IKK activation by BCL10 and MALT1. RNAi-mediated silencing of TRAF6 suppressed TCR-dependent IKK activation and interleukin-2 production in T cells. (PMID:15125833)
  • identified a putative TRAF6 interaction site in Mal but not in MyD88 and we demonstrate that Mal can be co-immunoprecipitated with TRAF6 (PMID:15247281)
  • TLR-mediated IFN-alpha induction requires the formation of a complex consisting of MyD88, TRAF6 and IRF7 as well as TRAF6-dependent ubiquitination. (PMID:15361868)
  • Data show that endogenous germinal center kinase is activated by agonists that require TRAF6 for c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. (PMID:15456887)
  • oligomerization and polyubiquitination of TRAF6 induced by TIFA leads to the activation of TAK1 and IKK through a proteasome-independent mechanism (PMID:15492226)
  • IL-8-induced NF-kappaB activation proceeds through a TRAF2-independent but TRAF6-dependent pathway, followed by recruitment of IRAK and activation of IKK (PMID:15591054)
  • TRAF6 acts as a critical adapter of both the Src/ERK1/2 kinases and IkappaB kinase/NF-kappaB proinflammatory signaling pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (PMID:15634933)
  • p62 regulates nerve growth factor-induced NF-kappaB activation by influencing TRAF6 polyubiquitination (PMID:16079148)
  • Involvement of the TAB2/TRAF6/TAK1 signalling complex in the Edar signal transduction pathway has important implications for understanding of NF-kappaB activation and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in human. (PMID:16251197)
  • TRAF2-dependent CD40 signal transduction requires TRAF6 in nonhemopoietic cells (PMID:16260598)
  • LMP1 utilizes two distinct pathways to activate NF-kappaB: a major one through CTAR2/TRAF6/TAK1/IKKbeta (canonical pathway) and a minor one through CTAR1/TRAF3/NIK/IKKalpha (noncanonical pathway) (PMID:16280329)
  • Rac1 facilitated the recruitment of Nox2 into the endosomal compartment and subsequent redox-dependent recruitment of TRAF6 to the MyD88/IL-1R1 complex. (PMID:16354686)
  • TRAF6 regulates cell fate decisions by inducing caspase 8-dependent apoptosis and the activation of NF-kappaB (PMID:16436380)
  • an LMP1-associated complex containing TRAF6, TAB2, and TAK1 plays an essential role in the activation of JNK (PMID:16446357)
  • NF-kappa B signaling is induced by the oncoprotein Tio through direct interaction with TRAF6. (PMID:16452479)
  • the interaction of IRF-8 with TRAF6 modulates TLR signaling and may contribute to the cross-talk between IFN-gamma and TLR signal pathways (PMID:16484229)
  • TGF-beta-activated kinase 1, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) are important signal transducers in H. pylori-infected human epithelial cells (PMID:16517750)
  • A candidate gene in ectodermal dysplasia. (PMID:16527194)
  • TRAF6 is a critical adaptor linking two convergent signaling events; PKCtheta control of CARMA1 phosphorylation, and BCL10-dependent caspase-8 activation. (PMID:16920630)
  • knockdown of UL144, TRAF6 or NFkappaB by specific siRNA in infections with UL144-encoding HCMV prevents the activation of CCL22 expression (PMID:16932746)
  • An intact RING domain of TRAF6 is required for NF-kappaB activation and biological signaling. (PMID:17135271)
  • This study, for the first time, reveals a possible molecular mechanism that the initiation of the IL-17F/IL-17R signaling pathway requires the receptor ubiquitination by TRAF6. (PMID:17346928)
  • Inhibition of the MyD88 and TRAF6 adaptor proteins of the TLR pathway blocked not only B7-H1 expression induced by TLR ligands but also that mediated by IFN-gamma (PMID:17363736)
  • Sequencing of the promoter region and exons of the TRAF6 gene revealed three sequence variants, one of which was found in three affected members within one family with osteoporosis. (PMID:17377523)
  • These data establish a signaling cascade in which regulated Lys63-linked TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination is the critical upstream mediator of osteoclast differentiation. (PMID:17572386)
  • Results show that decrease in the ubiquitination of TRAF6 is YopJ-dependent and to prevent or is to remove the K63-polymerized ubiquitin conjugates required for signal transduction. (PMID:17608743)
  • These findings demonstrate that Trx, TRAF2, and TRAF6 regulate ASK1 activity by modulating N-terminal homophilic interaction of ASK1. (PMID:17724081)
  • IRAK-2 plays a more central role than IRAK-1 in TLR signaling to NFkappaB through TRAF6 ubiquitination (PMID:17878161)
  • MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 proteins are crucial early mediators for the IL-1-induced MMP-13 regulation through MAPK pathways and AP-1 activity. (PMID:17905570)
  • two independent and indispensable signaling pathways-1) JAK1-associated PI3K signaling and 2) Act1/TRAF6/TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation-are stimulated by IL-17A to regulate gene induction in human airway epithelial cells. (PMID:17982039)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriotraf6ENSDARG00000028058
mus_musculusTraf6ENSMUSG00000027164
rattus_norvegicusTraf6ENSRNOG00000004639
drosophila_melanogasterTraf6FBGN0265464

Paralogs (5): TRAF1 (ENSG00000056558), TRAF4 (ENSG00000076604), TRAF5 (ENSG00000082512), TRAF2 (ENSG00000127191), TRAF3 (ENSG00000131323)

Protein

Protein identifiers

TNF receptor-associated factor 6Q9Y4K3 (reviewed: Q9Y4K3)

Alternative names: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRAF6, Interleukin-1 signal transducer, RING finger protein 85, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase TRAF6

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9Y4K3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of ‘Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as ECSIT, IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter protein that seems to play a role in signal transduction initiated via TNF receptor, IL-1 receptor and IL-17 receptor. Regulates osteoclast differentiation by mediating the activation of adapter protein complex 1 (AP-1) and NF-kappa-B, in response to RANK-L stimulation. Together with MAP3K8, mediates CD40 signals that activate ERK in B-cells and macrophages, and thus may play a role in the regulation of immunoglobulin production. Acts as a regulator of the JNK and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways by initiating assembly of heterotypic ‘Lys-63’-/‘Lys-48’-linked branched ubiquitin chains that are then recognized by TAB2: TRAF6 catalyzes initial ‘Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains that are then branched via ‘Lys-48’-linked polyubiquitin by HUWE1. ‘Lys-63’-/‘Lys-48’-linked branched ubiquitin chains protect ‘Lys-63’-linkages from CYLD deubiquitination. Participates also in the TCR signaling by ubiquitinating LAT.

Subunit / interactions. Homotrimer. Homooligomer. N-terminal region is dimeric while C-terminal region is trimeric; maybe providing a mode of oligomerization. Upon IL1B treatment, forms a complex with PELI1, IRAK1, IRAK4 and MYD88; this complex recruits MAP3K7/TAK1, TAB1 and TAB2 to mediate NF-kappa-B activation. Direct binding of SMAD6 to PELI1 prevents the complex formation and hence negatively regulates IL1R-TLR signaling and eventually NF-kappa-B-mediated gene expression. Binds to TNFRSF5/CD40 and TNFRSF11A/RANK. Associates with NGFR, TNFRSF17, IRAK2, IRAK3, RIPK2, MAP3K1, MAP3K5, MAP3K14, CSK, TRAF, TRAF-interacting protein TRIP and TNF receptor associated protein TDP2. Interacts with IL17R. Interacts with SQSTM1 bridging NTRK1 and NGFR. Forms a ternary complex with SQSTM1 and PRKCZ. Interacts with PELI2 and PELI3. Binds UBE2V1. Interacts with TAX1BP1; this interaction mediates deubiquitination of TRAF6 and inhibition of NF-kappa-B activation. Interacts with ZNF675. Interacts with ARRB1 and ARRB2. Interacts with MAP3K7 and TAB1/MAP3K7IP1; during IL-1 signaling. Interacts with UBE2N. Interacts with TGFBR1, HDAC1 and RANGAP1. Interacts with AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Interacts (via TRAF domains) with NUMBL (via C-terminal). Interacts with RBCK1. Interacts with LIMD1 (via LIM domains). Interacts with RSAD2/viperin. Interacts (via C-terminus) with EIF2AK2/PKR (via the kinase catalytic domain). Interacts with ZFAND5. Interacts with IL1RL1. Interacts with TRAFD1. Interacts with AJUBA. Interacts with MAVS/IPS1. Interacts (via TRAF domains) with DYNC2I2 (via WD domains). Interacts with IFIT3 (via N-terminus). Interacts with TICAM2. Interacts with CARD14. Interacts with CD40 and MAP3K8; the interaction is required for ERK activation. Interacts with TICAM1 and this interaction is enhanced in the presence of WDFY1. Interacts with TANK; this interaction increases in response to DNA damage. Interacts with USP10; this interaction increases in response to DNA damage. Interacts with ZC3H12A; this interaction increases in response to DNA damage and is stimulated by TANK. Interacts with WDFY3. Interacts with TRIM13. Interacts with GPS2. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SASH1. Interacts with LRRC19. Interacts with IL17RA and TRAF3IP2. Interacts with TOMM70. Interacts with AMBRA1; interaction is required to mediate ‘Lys-63’-linked ubiquitination of ULK1. Interacts with CRBN; this interaction inhibits TLR4-mediated signaling by preventing TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination of ECSIT.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cell cortex. Nucleus. Lipid droplet.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.

Post-translational modifications. Sumoylated on Lys-124, Lys-142 and Lys-453 with SUMO1. Polyubiquitinated on Lys-124 by TRAF3IP2; after cell stimulation with IL17A. Polyubiquitinated on Lys-124; after cell stimulation with IL1B or TGFB. This ligand-induced cell stimulation leads to dimerization/oligomerization of TRAF6 molecules, followed by auto-ubiquitination which involves UBE2N and UBE2V1 and leads to TRAF6 activation. This ‘Lys-63’ site-specific poly-ubiquitination appears to be associated with the activation of signaling molecules. Endogenous autoubiquitination occurs only for the cytoplasmic form. Deubiquitinated by USP10 in a TANK-dependent manner, leading to the negative regulation of NF-kappaB signaling upon DNA damage. LRRC19 induces ‘Lys-63’ ubiquitination. Ubiquitinated at Lys-319 by the SCF(FBXL2) complex, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. (Microbial infection) Deubiquitinated by Epstein-Barr virus BPLF1 on both ‘Lys-48’ and ‘Lys-63’-linked ubiquitin chains; leading to NF-kappa-B signaling inhibition.

Domain organisation. The coiled coil domain mediates homo- and hetero-oligomerization. The MATH/TRAF domain binds to receptor cytoplasmic domains.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Similarity. Belongs to the TNF receptor-associated factor family. A subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_004611, NP_665802 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001293Znf_TRAFDomain
IPR001841Znf_RINGDomain
IPR002083MATH/TRAF_domDomain
IPR008974TRAF-likeHomologous_superfamily
IPR012227TNF_rcpt-assoc_TRAF_metFamily
IPR013083Znf_RING/FYVE/PHDHomologous_superfamily
IPR017907Znf_RING_CSConserved_site
IPR027139TRAF6_RING-HCDomain
IPR037309TRAF6_MATHDomain
IPR041310TRAF6_Z2Domain
IPR049342TRAF1-6_MATH_domDomain

Pfam: PF02176, PF13923, PF18048, PF21355

UniProt features (70 total): strand 22, helix 15, mutagenesis site 12, turn 7, cross-link 5, zinc finger region 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, sequence conflict 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

13 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
1LB6X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.8
3HCTX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.1
6A33X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.1
3HCSX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.2
1LB4X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
1LB5X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
3HCUX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.6
5ZUJX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.6
8HZ2X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.6
7L3LX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.8
4Z8MX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.95
2ECISOLUTION NMR
2JMDSOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9Y4K3-F185.300.72

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 142, 319, 453, 124, 124

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (12):

PositionPhenotype
57loss of interaction with ube2n.
70loss of ligase activity, autoubiquitination and signaling capacity.
72loss of interaction with ube2n. has no effect on traf3ip2-mediated ’lys-63’-linked polyubiquitination.
74loss of interaction with ube2n.
88loss of traf6 homodimerization and impaired polyubiquitin synthesis. loss of traf6 homodimerization and impaired polyubi
118loss of traf6 homodimerization and impaired polyubiquitin synthesis.
118partially impaired polyubiquitin synthesis.
122loss of traf6 homodimerization and partially impaired polyubiquitin synthesis. loss of traf6 homodimerization and impair
124loss of sumo1-modification and c-myb-mediated transcriptional repressive activation. loss of traf3ip2-mediated ’lys-63’-
142loss of sumo1-modification and c-myb-mediated transcriptional repressive activation.
453loss of sumo1-modification and c-myb-mediated transcriptional repressive activation.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

35 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1257604PIP3 activates AKT signaling
R-HSA-166058MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
R-HSA-168638NOD1/2 Signaling Pathway
R-HSA-168927TICAM1, RIP1-mediated IKK complex recruitment
R-HSA-193692Regulated proteolysis of p75NTR
R-HSA-202424Downstream TCR signaling
R-HSA-205043NRIF signals cell death from the nucleus
R-HSA-209543p75NTR recruits signalling complexes
R-HSA-209560NF-kB is activated and signals survival
R-HSA-2871837FCERI mediated NF-kB activation
R-HSA-445989TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation
R-HSA-450302activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation
R-HSA-450321JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1
R-HSA-5607764CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling
R-HSA-5689880Ub-specific processing proteases
R-HSA-5689896Ovarian tumor domain proteases
R-HSA-6811558PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling
R-HSA-9014325TICAM1,TRAF6-dependent induction of TAK1 complex
R-HSA-9020702Interleukin-1 signaling
R-HSA-933541TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation
R-HSA-933542TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation
R-HSA-937039IRAK1 recruits IKK complex
R-HSA-937041IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1
R-HSA-937042IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex
R-HSA-937072TRAF6-mediated induction of TAK1 complex within TLR4 complex
R-HSA-9645460Alpha-protein kinase 1 signaling pathway
R-HSA-9692916SARS-CoV-1 activates/modulates innate immune responses
R-HSA-9705671SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
R-HSA-975110TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation in TLR7/8 or 9 signaling
R-HSA-975138TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation

MSigDB gene sets: 630 (showing top): PID_BCR_5PATHWAY, REACTOME_TRAF6_MEDIATED_INDUCTION_OF_TAK1_COMPLEX_WITHIN_TLR4_COMPLEX, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, REACTOME_DDX58_IFIH1_MEDIATED_INDUCTION_OF_INTERFERON_ALPHA_BETA, REACTOME_IKK_COMPLEX_RECRUITMENT_MEDIATED_BY_RIP1, GOBP_MORPHOGENESIS_OF_AN_EPITHELIUM, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, BIOCARTA_RELA_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_EMBRYO_DEVELOPMENT_ENDING_IN_BIRTH_OR_EGG_HATCHING, GOBP_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_AND_PRESENTATION_OF_PEPTIDE_OR_POLYSACCHARIDE_ANTIGEN_VIA_MHC_CLASS_II, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, GOBP_DENDRITIC_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM

GO Biological Process (72): autophagosome assembly (GO:0000045), negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), protein polyubiquitination (GO:0000209), ossification (GO:0001503), in utero embryonic development (GO:0001701), neural tube closure (GO:0001843), stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002223), regulation of immunoglobulin production (GO:0002637), positive regulation of T cell cytokine production (GO:0002726), cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002753), MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002755), DNA damage response (GO:0006974), canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249), antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II (GO:0019886), CD40 signaling pathway (GO:0023035), osteoclast differentiation (GO:0030316), positive regulation of protein ubiquitination (GO:0031398), lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0031663), positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0031666), activation of protein kinase activity (GO:0032147), positive regulation of type I interferon production (GO:0032481), positive regulation of interleukin-12 production (GO:0032735), positive regulation of interleukin-2 production (GO:0032743), positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755), tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0033209), toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway (GO:0034138), toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway (GO:0034142), TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway (GO:0035666), non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0038061), Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038095), interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038172), interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038173), T-helper 1 type immune response (GO:0042088), positive regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042102), odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth (GO:0042475), regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981), myeloid dendritic cell differentiation (GO:0043011), regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043122), positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123), positive regulation of JUN kinase activity (GO:0043507)

GO Molecular Function (15): ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842), tumor necrosis factor receptor binding (GO:0005164), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein-macromolecule adaptor activity (GO:0030674), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding (GO:0031624), ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity (GO:0034450), signaling adaptor activity (GO:0035591), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), histone deacetylase binding (GO:0042826), protein kinase B binding (GO:0043422), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (13): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), lipid droplet (GO:0005811), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell cortex (GO:0005938), cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane (GO:0009898), endosome membrane (GO:0010008), extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane (GO:0031234), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), CD40 receptor complex (GO:0035631), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-22 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade3
p75NTR signals via NF-kB2
MAP kinase activation2
Deubiquitination2
Intracellular signaling by second messengers1
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade1
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade1
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade1
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways1
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling1
TCR signaling1
Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE1
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling1
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane1
Interleukin-1 signaling1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
protein binding3
cellular anatomical structure3
cytoplasm3
protein ubiquitination2
cell surface receptor signaling pathway2
cell periphery2
Atg12 activating enzyme activity1
protein-phosphatidylethanolamide deconjugating activity1
Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity1
Atg12 ligase activity1
organelle assembly1
Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly1
autophagosome organization1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
multicellular organismal process1
chordate embryonic development1
primary neural tube formation1
tube closure1
innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway1
cellular response to lectin1
immunoglobulin production1
regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response1
T cell cytokine production1
positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity1
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response1
regulation of T cell cytokine production1
positive regulation of cytokine production1
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway1
intracellular receptor signaling pathway1
toll-like receptor signaling pathway1
cellular response to stress1
intracellular signaling cassette1
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen1
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II1
myeloid leukocyte differentiation1
regulation of protein ubiquitination1
positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal1
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

4234 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TRAF6IRAK1P51617999
TRAF6MYD88P78397999
TRAF6TAB1Q15750998
TRAF6IRAK2O43187998
TRAF6TAB2Q9NYJ8998
TRAF6CHUKO15111998
TRAF6IRAK4Q9NWZ3998
TRAF6UBE2NP61088997
TRAF6MAP3K7O43318997
TRAF6TLR4O00206997
TRAF6IKBKGQ9Y6K9997
TRAF6ECSITQ9BQ95996
TRAF6G3V2F7G3V2F7996
TRAF6CD40P25942996
TRAF6TAB3Q8N5C8996
TRAF6IKBKBO14920996

IntAct

656 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TRAF1TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.940
TRAF6TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.920
TRAF2TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.900
TRAF6TRAF2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.900
TRAF5TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.880
TRAF6TRAF5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.880
YES1TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
TRAF6VPS52psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
TRAF6YES1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
VPS52TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
TRAF6TRAF3IP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
TRAF3IP2TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
TRAF6CD40psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.590
USP2TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TRAF6EDARADDpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PLEKHF2TRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
POLITRAF6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TRAF6MEOX2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560

BioGRID (1273): TRAF6 (Affinity Capture-Western), PSEN1 (Co-localization), PPP4R1 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAF6 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAF3IP2 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAF6 (Affinity Capture-Western), UBC (Biochemical Activity), TRAF6 (Biochemical Activity), IKBKG (Biochemical Activity), UBE2V1 (Reconstituted Complex), TRAF6 (Biochemical Activity), UBE2N (Reconstituted Complex), UBE2D1 (Reconstituted Complex), UBE2D2 (Reconstituted Complex), UBE2D3 (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A974CYQ5, A5WW08, A7XUJ6, B5DF45, B6CJY4, B6CJY5, O00463, O15344, O70583, P0DW87, P0DW89, P39429, P53351, P70191, P70196, P82457, P82458, Q08CH8, Q12933, Q13114, Q28DL4, Q29RQ5, Q2TAD9, Q3KPU8, Q3MV19, Q3U9F6, Q3ZCC3, Q5FWP4, Q5R4L1, Q60803, Q61382, Q6DJN2, Q6GNX1, Q6IWL4, Q6J1I7, Q6P256, Q80WG7, Q8N2W9, Q91ZY8, Q969K3

Diamond homologs: A7XUJ6, B5DF45, B6CJY4, B6CJY5, D3YY23, O13033, O70263, P15919, P39428, P43254, P68907, P70196, P93471, Q02084, Q13077, Q17RB8, Q1L5Z9, Q28DL4, Q3MV19, Q3UWA4, Q3ZCC3, Q6CTZ8, Q6DJN2, Q6IWL4, Q6J2U6, Q6MFY8, Q6Q0C0, Q6ZMN7, Q865W2, Q8TBB1, Q91187, Q922B6, Q9D4H7, Q9D9R0, Q9ET26, Q9FNI6, Q9Y4K3, P15918, P39429, Q1XHT8

SIGNOR signaling

71 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
CYLDdown-regulatesTRAF6deubiquitination
TRAF6up-regulatesMALT1ubiquitination
TNFAIP3“down-regulates activity”TRAF6deubiquitination
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”TRAF6ubiquitination
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”TAB1binding
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”TAB2binding
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”TAB3binding
RIPK1“up-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”MAP3K7ubiquitination
TGFBR1“up-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”IRAK1ubiquitination
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”MAP3K8
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”TNFRSF11Abinding
TRAF6up-regulatesOsteoclast_differentiation
TRAF6“up-regulates activity”MAP3K14binding
RUNX3“up-regulates quantity by expression”TRAF6“transcriptional regulation”
TRAF6“down-regulates quantity”HK2ubiquitination
MYD88“up-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
9b“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”TRAF6
“Papain-like proteinase”“down-regulates activity”TRAF6deubiquitination
NLRX1“down-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
INPP5D“down-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
NOTCH2“down-regulates activity”TRAF6binding
TRIM23“up-regulates activity”TRAF6ubiquitination
BPLF1“down-regulates activity”TRAF6deubiquitination
TRAF6“down-regulates quantity”Hexokinaseubiquitination
Ub:E2“up-regulates activity”TRAF6ubiquitination

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 162 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA1221.6×4e-11
Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation1020.2×3e-09
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)1019.7×3e-09
Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD1119.4×1e-09
Vpu mediated degradation of CD41019.2×3e-09
Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP11019.2×3e-09
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D1019.2×3e-09
Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes)1018.4×4e-09

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
translational initiation511.3×8e-03
positive regulation of DNA repair511.3×8e-03
cytoplasmic translation910.6×1e-04
DNA replication77.3×8e-03
translation117.2×1e-04
protein folding95.9×5e-03
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process155.0×1e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

43 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance29
Likely benign6
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

890 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
11:36495058:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36497115:T:Cdonor_gain1.0000
11:36497262:TGATC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36497265:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36497265:TCC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
11:36497266:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36497266:CCTA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
11:36497267:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36497267:CTAT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
11:36497268:T:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
11:36498487:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
11:36498489:C:CAdonor_loss1.0000
11:36498522:A:ATdonor_gain1.0000
11:36498636:CATCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498638:TCC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498639:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498639:CCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498640:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498641:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498641:C:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498645:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36498646:A:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36500570:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
11:36500571:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
11:36500574:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
11:36500575:T:Cdonor_gain1.0000
11:36501533:TTGCT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36501536:CT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36501538:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
11:36494970:TAATA:Tdonor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

3520 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
11:36489992:C:AG472V1.000
11:36489992:C:TG472D1.000
11:36489993:C:GG472R1.000
11:36489994:A:CF471L1.000
11:36489994:A:TF471L1.000
11:36489996:A:GF471L1.000
11:36489998:C:TG470D1.000
11:36489999:C:GG470R1.000
11:36490022:G:TP462H1.000
11:36490030:G:CF459L1.000
11:36490030:G:TF459L1.000
11:36490032:A:GF459L1.000
11:36490034:G:TA458D1.000
11:36490112:A:GL432P1.000
11:36490135:C:AW424C1.000
11:36490135:C:GW424C1.000
11:36490137:A:GW424R1.000
11:36490137:A:TW424R1.000
11:36490173:G:CH412D1.000
11:36490175:A:TV411D1.000
11:36490177:A:CF410L1.000
11:36490177:A:TF410L1.000
11:36490179:A:GF410L1.000
11:36490276:G:CS377R1.000
11:36490276:G:TS377R1.000
11:36490278:T:GS377R1.000
11:36490344:A:GW355R1.000
11:36490344:A:TW355R1.000
11:36498537:A:GC134R1.000
11:36498560:T:AE126V1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000043685 (11:36495108 T>G), RS1000170608 (11:36508679 A>G), RS1000187526 (11:36508872 A>C,G), RS1000271506 (11:36502393 T>C), RS1000473497 (11:36495766 C>T), RS1000599172 (11:36488847 C>A,G,T), RS1000809630 (11:36483454 G>A), RS1000893055 (11:36500673 G>A,C), RS1000963056 (11:36512106 C>T), RS1001009603 (11:36493913 G>A), RS1001103988 (11:36493594 C>G), RS1001179609 (11:36483598 C>T), RS1001200408 (11:36508035 T>C,G), RS1001240373 (11:36500971 TAAGTAA>T), RS1001362673 (11:36509288 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602355 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasiaSupportiveAutosomal dominant

Mondo (1): autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (MONDO:0015884)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

15 total (15 of 15 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000164Abnormality of the dentition
HP:0000457Depressed nasal ridge
HP:0000668Hypodontia
HP:0000963Thin skin
HP:0000964Eczematoid dermatitis
HP:0000966Hypohidrosis
HP:0001000Abnormality of skin pigmentation
HP:0001231Abnormal fingernail morphology
HP:0002047Malignant hyperthermia
HP:0002231Sparse body hair
HP:0006323Premature loss of primary teeth
HP:0006482Abnormal dental morphology
HP:0008070Sparse hair
HP:0011220Prominent forehead
HP:0012471Thick vermilion border

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002318_161Rheumatoid arthritis1.000000e-07
GCST002318_35Rheumatoid arthritis3.000000e-07
GCST006051_7Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy9.000000e-06
GCST006959_89Rheumatoid arthritis6.000000e-06
GCST009391_892Metabolite levels5.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0010440triacylglycerol 58:6 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3588728 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

71 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Lipopolysaccharidesdecreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, affects ubiquitination, increases degradation (+2 more)5
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases expression, increases methylation, decreases methylation2
Copperaffects binding, increases expression, decreases expression2
Estradiolaffects binding, affects cotreatment, increases reaction, increases expression2
Particulate Matterdecreases reaction, increases abundance, increases expression2
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamidedecreases expression1
CU-CPT22decreases reaction, increases expression1
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression1
pirinixic aciddecreases expression, increases activity, affects binding1
kaempferoldecreases reaction, increases ubiquitination1
deoxynivalenolincreases expression1
titanium dioxidedecreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
nickel chlorideincreases expression1
ochratoxin Adecreases expression1
zinc sulfideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
hydroquinonedecreases expression, increases reaction, affects reaction1
epigallocatechin gallatedecreases reaction, increases expression1
cadmium selenideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
usnic acidincreases expression1
salvianolic acid Bdecreases reaction, increases abundance, increases expression1
lipopolysaccharide, Helicobacter pyloriincreases expression, increases reaction1
anemoside A3increases expression, increases reaction1
procyanidin B1decreases reaction, increases expression1
clothianidindecreases expression1
ethyl 6-(N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylatedecreases reaction, increases expression1
ON 01910affects localization, affects binding, increases reaction, decreases expression, decreases sumoylation1
ST2825decreases reaction, increases abundance, increases expression1
asparanin Adecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

6 unique, capped per target: 6 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3590966BindingBinding affinity to human TRAF6 using immobilized biotinylated RANK peptide from by SPR analysisStructure-Based Development of a Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

8 cell lines: 7 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_B2JIAbcam HeLa TRAF6 KOCancer cell lineFemale
CVCL_D8D1Ubigene A-549 TRAF6 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_D8XPUbigene HCT 116 TRAF6 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_D9UWUbigene HEK293 TRAF6 KOTransformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_E0S3Ubigene HeLa TRAF6 KOCancer cell lineFemale
CVCL_TT63HAP1 TRAF6 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_TT64HAP1 TRAF6 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_ZC30HT TRAF6 KDCancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.