TRB

Summary

TRB (T cell receptor beta locus, HGNC:12155) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q34, encoding M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain (P0DSE2). The beta chain of TRAV2701J4201C01/TRBV1901J2S701C02 alpha-beta T cell receptor (TR) clonotype that is specific for HLA-A*02:01-restricted M/matrix protein 1 immunodominant epitope GILGFVFTL of influenza A virus (IAV).

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor beta locus. The beta locus includes V (variable), J (joining), diversity (D), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the beta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments and one J segment of the beta locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The beta locus also includes eight trypsinogen genes, three of which encode functional proteins and five of which are pseudogenes. Chromosomal abnormalities involving the T-cell receptor beta locus have been associated with T-cell lymphomas.

Source: NCBI Gene 6957 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 378 total — 2 pathogenic, 5 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:12155
Approved symbol	TRB
Name	T cell receptor beta locus
Location	7q34
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Entrez	6957

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 0

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

None — 0 exons

Expression profiles

Top tissues by expression

0 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Human T cells potentially recognize through the alpha beta TCR HLA-E molecules that bind to class I- and virus-derived peptides. (PMID:11920559)
• variation of the beta T cell repertoire in the colon of healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease. (PMID:12039522)
• Junctional sequence analysis showed the presence of conserved amino acid motifs (ETGRSG, LAxG, QGQ, GxQP, GRxG, VAR, PGT, GTI, GGT, TGR, LxLxQ, SGQ) in the TCR-CDR 3 region of BAL lymphocytes in patients with IPF. Only VTTG & GGE were found in controls. (PMID:12100034)
• We found a significant increase of the Vbeta7 family in arrhythmic patients who were DRB1*01 DQB1*0501 DPB1*0401, a marker associated with susceptibility to cardiac damage in Chagas’ disease. (PMID:12366778)
• Conserved TCR beta chain usage in reactive arthritis; evidence for selection by a putative HLA-B27-associated autoantigen. (PMID:12472659)
• Clonally expanded CD4+CD28null T cells in rheumatoid arthritis use distinct combinations of T cell receptor BV and BJ elements (PMID:12594835)
• T cell receptor itself is necessary and sufficient to confer HLA-independent nickel specificity (PMID:12925207)
• Constant region mutations of the T-cell receptor beta gene after in utero stem cell transplantation. (PMID:15138733)
• Urinaary monitoring can detect graft-infiltrating lymphocytes in acute rejection vby asssessing T cell receptors. (PMID:15476487)
• frame dependence of the nonsense-associated altered splicing of TCR-beta pre-mRNA (PMID:15613535)
• Appearance of clonal bands on Southern blot analysis of TCR beta and gamma genes implies that the TIL in thymomas experience partial gene rearrangement just before the connection between the DJC complex and a locus of the V region (PMID:15905344)
• Hapten cross-reactivity happens w/o major adjustments to the interaction between the TCR & the HLA-A2 surface. TCRs have the molecular flexibility to accommodate structurally diverse ligands while conserving interactions with the MHC molecule surface. (PMID:16310048)
• Data are compatible with an instructive role for the TCR in alphabeta vs gammadelta lineage commitment, with gammadelta development as the default pathway for human thymocyte development. (PMID:16424183)
• unexpected high number of cryptic chromosomal rearrangements of the TCRbeta locus broadens the spectrum of genes putatively implicated in T-cell oncogenesis (PMID:16673021)
• Transgenic murine alpha beta TCR transfectants expressing an FG loop-deleted constant chain stimulate less tyrosine protein phosphorylation than those bearing a wild-type beta chain upon TCR cross-linking. (PMID:16709841)
• TCRB variable region gene families of psoriatic lesions and skin-homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-positive tonsillar T cells display highly restricted spectratypes. (PMID:16709873)
• preferential usage of Jbeta1 genes in all cases with advanced stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (PMID:16741518)
• Endogenous and chimeric TCRs compete for cell-surface expression in favor of the TCR-CD3 complex with best-pairing properties. (PMID:16968899)
• analysis of TCRalpha-CD3deltaepsilon and TCRbeta-CD3gammaepsilon dimers and the role of the membrane-proximal tetracysteine motif (PMID:17023417)
• Results report the X-ray crystal structures of the group V SAG staphylococcal enterotoxin K (SEK) alone and in complex with the TCR hVbeta5.1 domain. (PMID:17560605)
• alternatively spliced T-cell receptor transcripts are up-regulated in response to disruption of either splicing elements or reading frame (PMID:17693403)
• CD4positive CD25high regulatory T cells showing immunosuppressive functions use a large unrestricted alpha beta T cell receptor repertoire, the size and diversity of which are closely similar to those of CD4-positive CD25negative T cells. (PMID:17785774)
• study found several conformational adjustments that accompany JM22-HLA-A2-flu binding and identified a binding “hotspot” within the Vbeta domain of the TCR (PMID:18275829)
• T-cell receptor Vbeta CDR3 oligoclonality frequently occurs in childhood refractory cytopenia and severe aplastic anemia (PMID:18323803)
• An alanine scanning mutagenesis approach was undertook to define the energetic basis of this interaction between the natural killer cell T cell receptors and CD1d. (PMID:18378792)
• among systemic sclerosis patients,Tcell receptor beta allele 1 (TCRBV3S1) carriers had a higher prevalence of interstitial lung disease (PMID:18412309)
• the correlation in Vbeta expression patterns between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can be explained predominantly by germline TCR-beta locus factors and not TCR-beta allelic or HLA effects. (PMID:18453566)
• Clonal CD8+/Vbeta+ T cell expansions might be useful as a disease marker in Churg Strauss Syndrome (PMID:18502180)
• In an HLA-DR4 transgenic model of mixed connective tissue disease, TCR-beta variable chain usage is highly restricted among U1 70-kDa autoantigen-reactive T cell subsets. (PMID:18523312)
• allele distribution between males and females of a single nucleotide polymorphism located in the human beta T-cell receptor, in 500 subjects (PMID:18777093)
• An analysis of some of these sequences shows that TCR from both human diabetics and NOD mice mimic insulin, glucagon, the insulin receptor, and the glucagon receptor. (PMID:19051206)
• Stage-dependent molecular changes in Notch signaling that are critical for normal human T-cell development. (PMID:19056690)
• The diversity of DJbeta complexes assembled during thymocyte development influences TCRbeta chain selection and peripheral immunoglobulin variable region (V)beta repertoire of alphabeta T cells. (PMID:19380806)
• We find that total TCRbeta receptor diversity is at least 4-fold higher than previous estimates, and the diversity in the subset of CD45RO(+) antigen-experienced alphabeta T cells is at least 10-fold higher than previous estimates. (PMID:19706884)
• Knockin replacement of the E beta core enhancer fragment at the transgenic TCR beta locus achieves proper gene expression, diversification of the V beta repertoire and potentially, TCR beta gene recombination and allelic exclusion. (PMID:19923469)
• Studies show that the analytic algorithm enables the comparison of alphabeta TCR repertoires between individuals and that abnormal alphabeta TCR repertoire is a feature of a subset of patients with advanced MDS. (PMID:20035823)
• TCR beta-mediated feedback inhibition of Vbeta14 rearrangements in reporter mice depends on inherent properties of Vbeta14, Dbeta, and Jbeta recombination signal sequences. (PMID:20042591)
• Cooperativity of point mutations of TCR (alpha and beta) binding HLA-A2 MHC and a viral peptide and found that the association rates were primarily responsible for the cooperativity. (PMID:20681514)
• A transgenic TCR beta-chain disadvantaged the development of regulatory T cells (Treg) in a competitive environment leading to decreased proportions and absolute numbers of naturally occurring CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. (PMID:20713881)
• In vivo 6-thioguanine-resistant T cells from melanoma patients have public TCR and share TCR beta amino acid sequences with melanoma-reactive T cells. (PMID:21182840)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain — P0DSE2 (reviewed: P0DSE2, P0DTU4)

Alternative names: TR beta chain TRBV1901J2S701C*02

All UniProt accessions (0):

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. The beta chain of TRAV2701J4201C01/TRBV1901J2S701C02 alpha-beta T cell receptor (TR) clonotype that is specific for HLA-A02:01-restricted M/matrix protein 1 immunodominant epitope GILGFVFTL of influenza A virus (IAV). Classified as a public TCR clonotype, it is preferentially selected in effector memory CD8-positive T cells among multiple HLA-A02:01 carriers/individuals and confers long-lived immunity against IAV infection. Can cross-recognize sporadically emerging IAV variants by molecular mimicry, inducing immunity toward different influenza strains. Antigen recognition initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn, ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell differentiation into effector/memory T cells.

Subunit / interactions. Disulfide-linked heterodimer with TRAV2701J4201C01 alpha chain. The TR primarily interacts via its CDR3-beta domain with M/matrix protein 1-derived peptide (GILGFVFTL) displayed by HLA-A02.01 in a ‘peg-notch’ recognition mode. The alpha-beta TR associates with the transmembrane signaling CD3 coreceptor proteins to form the TR-CD3 (TCR). The assembly of alpha-beta TR heterodimers with CD3 occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum where a single alpha-beta TR heterodimer associates with one CD3D-CD3E heterodimer, one CD3G-CD3E heterodimer and one CD247 homodimer forming a stable octameric structure. CD3D-CD3E and CD3G-CD3E heterodimers preferentially associate with TR alpha and TR beta chains (via TM domain), respectively. The association of the CD247 homodimer is the last step of TCR assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum and is required for transport to the cell surface.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in M/matrix protein 1-specific effector memory CD8-positive T cells readily detectable in the peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid organs and lung (primary site of infection) of IAV infected individuals.

Domain organisation. The complementarity-determining region CDR1 confers specificity to the peptide antigen. Assumes a loop structure that recognizes the peptide-HLA-A02-B2M complex. The complementarity-determining region CDR2 confers specificity to the peptide antigen. Assumes a loop structure that recognizes the peptide-HLA-A02-B2M complex. The complementarity-determining region CDR3 confers specificity to the peptide antigen. Assumes a loop structure that recognizes the peptide-HLA-A*02-B2M complex. Recognizes M/matrix protein 1-derived peptide mainly via its xRSx motif. The connecting peptide (CP) domain is essential for signal transmission in response to antigenic stimulation, likely downstream from ZAP70 recruitment. The TM domain mediates the interaction with the CD3 subunits.

Miscellaneous. The JM22 clone described as a variant of the public clonotype differs by one amino acid in the CDR3-beta domain.

RefSeq proteins (0): (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003597	Ig_C1-set	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR013106	Ig_V-set	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050413	TCR_beta_variable	Family

Pfam: PF07654, PF07686

UniProt features (87 total): strand 32, region of interest 14, helix 11, disulfide bond 6, glycosylation site 4, mutagenesis site 4, domain 4, signal peptide 2, chain 2, transmembrane region 2, topological domain 2, turn 2, binding site 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

23 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
1OGA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.4
8YIV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
8RLT	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.25
8YJ2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.26
2VLR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
8RLU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.35
2VLJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
2VLK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
5HHM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
8RLV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.61
8T4Z	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.69
9HI7	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.81
5HHO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.95
7FJE	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
7FJF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
8TW6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
7FJD	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
8TW4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.3
9NRJ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.4
8Y6X	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.4
9C3E	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
8YJ3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.5
6JXR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.7

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P0DSE2-F1	90.65	0.78
AF-P0DTU4-F1	89.14	0.78

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

P0DSE2 (canonical)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 49

Disulfide bonds (3): 42–110, 162–227, 262

Glycosylation sites (2): 37, 201

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
49	abolishes binding to m/matrix protein 1 peptide antigen.
69	abolishes binding to m/matrix protein 1 peptide antigen.
70	abolishes binding to m/matrix protein 1 peptide antigen.
115	abolishes binding to m/matrix protein 1 peptide antigen.

P0DTU4

Disulfide bonds (3): 42–110, 167–232, 267

Glycosylation sites (2): 72, 206

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (5): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), T cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002286), detection of tumor cell (GO:0002355), T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target (GO:0002419), cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166)

GO Molecular Function (1): signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023)

GO Cellular Component (4): cell surface (GO:0009986), T cell receptor complex (GO:0042101), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), alpha-beta T cell receptor complex (GO:0042105)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
immune response	2
lymphocyte activation involved in immune response	1
T cell activation	1
response to tumor cell	1
detection of biotic stimulus	1
T cell mediated cytotoxicity	1
T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell	1
signal transduction	1
molecular transducer activity	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
plasma membrane signaling receptor complex	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
T cell receptor complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A5B9, A6NDV4, A6QLK4, B1AWJ5, E9PTA2, O75051, O94759, P01850, P01851, P01852, P01857, P01859, P01860, P01861, P01869, P01870, P01906, P01909, P03987, P06333, P0DSE2, P0DTU4, P11364, P15151, P15981, P20759, P20762, P32506, P54900, Q1WIM1, Q1WIM3, Q3TMX7, Q6P767, Q6ZRP7, Q7TQ33, Q812F8, Q8N126, Q8NFZ8, Q8R143, Q8R464

Diamond homologs: A0A075B6L6, A0A075B6N1, A0A075B6N3, A0A075B6P5, A0A075B6S2, A0A087WSZ0, A0A087WV62, A0A087WW87, A0A087X0K7, A0A087X0M5, A0A0A0MS03, A0A0A0MS05, A0A0A0MS06, A0A0A6YYD4, A0A0A6YYK4, A0A0B4J1U6, A0A0B4J238, A0A0B4J271, A0A0B4J273, A0A0B4J274, A0A0B4J2E0, A0A0C4DH59, A0A0K0K1A3, A0A0K0K1B3, A0A0K0K1C0, A0A0K0K1E9, A0A0K0K1G6, A0A0K0K1G8, A0A1B0GX31, A0A1B0GX51, A0A1B0GX68, A0A1B0GX78, A0A1B0GX95, A0A1B0GXF2, A0A539, A0A576, A0A577, A0A578, A0A584, A0A589

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

378 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	5
Uncertain significance	227
Likely benign	105
Benign	8

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (7)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1458636	NC_000007.13:g.(?142457132)(142460438_?)dup	Pathogenic
38366	NM_002769.5(PRSS1):c.86A>C (p.Asn29Thr)	Pathogenic
11878	NM_002769.5(PRSS1):c.68A>G (p.Lys23Arg)	Likely pathogenic
584097	NC_000007.13:g.(?142457132)(142460891_?)dup	Likely pathogenic
618848	NM_002769.5(PRSS1):c.416G>T (p.Cys139Phe)	Likely pathogenic
651824	NC_000007.13:g.(?142459605)(142460891_?)dup	Likely pathogenic
831250	NC_000007.14:g.(?142749475)(142753030_?)dup	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes: MIM:167800, MIM:148300, MIM:614044

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (3): hereditary chronic pancreatitis (MONDO:0008185), keratoconus (MONDO:0015486), trypsinogen deficiency (MONDO:0013543)

Orphanet (3): Autosomal dominant hereditary chronic pancreatitis (Orphanet:676), OBSOLETE: Keratoconus (Orphanet:156071), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Isolated keratoconus (Orphanet:2335)

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000563	Keratoconus

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007640	Keratoconus	C11.204.627
C537262	Hereditary pancreatitis (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_4966	CUTLL1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_GX97	CH7C17	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_WN97	JE6-1REP-iNKT	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

286 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01485211	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Corneal Thickness Changes During Corneal Collagen Cross-linking With Ultraviolet-A Irradiation and Riboflavin
NCT02119039	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of CACICOL20 on Corneal Epithelial Healing After Cross-linking in Patients With Keratoconus
NCT03245853	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Epi-On Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus
NCT03429569	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cross-Linking ACcéléré Iontophorèse Confocal kératocONE
NCT04427956	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Corneal Crosslinking Treatment Study
NCT07474870	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Outcomes of CTAK Surgery
NCT00371202	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Penetrating Keratoplasty and Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty With the Big Bubble Technique for Keratoconus
NCT00647699	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus
NCT00815256	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Safety and Effectiveness of Collagen Cross Linking in Progressive Mild and Moderate Keratoconus
NCT00887900	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)
NCT01112072	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Corneal Collagen Crosslinking and Intacs for Keratoconus and Ectasia
NCT01152541	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Progressive Keratoconus and Ectasia Using Riboflavin/Dextran and Hypotonic Riboflavin
NCT01190306	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Safety Study of the VEGA UV-A System to Treat Keratoconus
NCT01344187	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes With Keratoconus
NCT01459679	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Safety & Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes With Keratoconus or Corneal Ectasia After Refractive Surgery
NCT01464268	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Transepithelial Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia
NCT01604135	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus - a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
NCT01643226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes With Keratoconus
NCT01672814	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Microwave Treatment and Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus
NCT01682993	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Corneal Cross Linking and Topography Guided Excimer Laser Treatment
NCT01972854	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes With Keratoconus
NCT02613780	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Refractive Treatment of Early Keratoconus
NCT02638376	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of the KXL System for Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes Having Keratoconus
NCT03080077	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Safety and Effectiveness of Corneal Crosslinking (CXL): Keratoconus and Post-Refractive Ectasia
NCT03187912	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking With Different Riboflavin Solutions
NCT03442751	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Epi-on Corneal Cross-linking in Eyes With Progressive Keratoconus
NCT03858036	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL) Performed With Epi-ON Versus Epi-OFF in Eyes With Keratoconus and Other Corneal Ectatic Disorders
NCT04897503	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus and Ectasia Using Riboflavin/Dextran or Riboflavin/Methylcellulose
NCT04905108	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Transepithelial (Epi-on) Corneal Collagen Crosslinking to Treat Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia
NCT05027295	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Accelerated Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus and Ectasia Using Pulse or Continuous UV-A Light
NCT06100939	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Epithelium-On Corneal Cross-linking in Subjects 8 to 45 Years of Age With Keratoconus
NCT06100952	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Epithelium-On Corneal Cross-linking in Subjects 8 to 45 Years of Age with Keratoconus
NCT06450470	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Use of a Freeze-dried Amniotic Membrane Post Crosslinking in Subjects With Progressive Keratoconus
NCT06601101	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Effects of Topical Insulin on Corneal Epithelium Healing After Corneal Crosslinking in Patients With Keratoconus
NCT07124910	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Comparison of Epi-ON Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Performed Using an 18-Minute UVA Exposure vs. a 24-Minute UVA Exposure on Eyes With Ectatic Corneal Diseases
NCT07135167	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Compassionate Use Study of Epi-ON Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Performed Using UVA Exposure on Eyes With Ectatic Corneal Diseases for Subjects With Down Syndrome
NCT00409955	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Lamellar Transplant With Lyophilized Corneas
NCT00925327	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Safety and Effectiveness of the UV-X System for Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Compassionate Treatment in Pediatric Patients With Progressive Keratoconus
NCT01143389	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Corneal Crosslinking in Patients With Keratoconus and Post-Refractive Ectasia
NCT01181219	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Transepithelial Corneal Collagen Cross-linking (CXL) in Treatment of Keratoconus