TRD

Summary

TRD (T cell receptor delta locus, HGNC:12252) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q11.2.

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:12252
Approved symbol	TRD
Name	T cell receptor delta locus
Location	14q11.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	TCRDV1
Entrez	6964

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 0

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

None — 0 exons

Expression profiles

Top tissues by expression

0 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Expression of this receptor is expanded in T cells in nasal T-cell lymphoma and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. (PMID:12707047)
• TCR delta rearrangements–most frequently found in B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia–have been studied in clones isolated from normal adult B cells; two D segments (D delta 2 and D delta 3) are involved in the V-D rearrangement of healthy donors. (PMID:12847212)
• T-delta receptor restriction in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with Behcet’s disease (PMID:12918704)
• Sequence analysis showed preferential usage of the Jalpha29 gene segment in 54% of rearrangements. The remaining Vdelta2-Jalpha rearrangements are described. Also, Vdelta2 rearrangement levels in thymus, B-cell precursors and mature T cells are reported. (PMID:14656882)
• The V delta 2 subset of gamma delta T cells represents the earliest immunological maturation of any lymphocyte compartment in humans and most likely indicates the importance of these cells in controlling pathology due to common environmental challenges. (PMID:14734745)
• Levels of TCRD gene rearrangements serve as suitable markers of commitment to lymphoid lineage. (PMID:16081821)
• Gamma delta T-cells, particularly those bearing Vdelta1 T cell receptors, may have an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Takayasu’s arteritis. (PMID:16307908)
• Data are compatible with an instructive role for the TCR in alphabeta vs gammadelta lineage commitment, with gammadelta development as the default pathway for human thymocyte development. (PMID:16424183)
• FISH revealed breakpoints (BPs) in the T-cell receptor alpha/delta locus (14q11) and in the vicinity of the CCND2 gene at 12p13. (PMID:16548914)
• different enzymatic activities operate during recombination of TCRA and TCRD genes, although they are located within the same genetic locus (PMID:17015149)
• Nine peptides and two proteins were identified for TCRgammadelta, including human mutS homolog 2 (hMSH2) and heat shock protein (HSP) 60. (PMID:18321859)
• Fetal gammadelta T cell depletion might be a mechanism for impaired neonatal immunity and lowered responses to pediatric vaccines. (PMID:18440637)
• Dysregulation of the host mevalonate pathway during early bacterial infection activates human TCR gamma delta cells. (PMID:18624305)
• data suggest that reduction in the proportion of gammadelta T cells and granzyme B gene polymorphism leads to defective immune function in breast cancer patients (PMID:19446661)
• human eosinophils express a functional gammadeltaTCR/CD3 with similar, but not identical, characteristics to gammadeltaTCR from gammadeltaT cells (PMID:19536290)
• binding activities of CDR3delta from different gammadelta TCRs to their target tissues and ligands depend on the conserved flanking sequences (V and J) but not as much on the D region of CDR3delta fragment (PMID:19666468)
• Most TCRJdelta segments contain amino acid sequences at their 5’ ends that resemble their own D segments. (PMID:19756574)
• Freshly isolated human peripheral blood gamma delta T cells can phagocytose Escherichia coli and synthetic microbeads via antibody opsonization and CD16 (FcgammaRIII), leading to antigen processing and presentation on histocompatibility class II antigen. (PMID:19843947)
• These data suggested that a mechanism other than non-peptide antigen might mediate the recognition of Vdelta2gammadelta T cells for protein antigen. (PMID:20181655)
• Intracellular protein degradation and endosomal acidification were significantly delayed in gammadelta T-antigen-presenting cells compared with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells(moDCs). (PMID:20413723)
• Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells expanded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected dendritic cells show a central memory phenotype but lack immediate effector functions. (PMID:20592281)
• NKG2A expression on gammadelta lymphoproliferative Disease of Large Granular Lymphocytes correlates with asymptomatic pathology, even in the presence of NKG2C coexpression. (PMID:20952657)
• Report nonhepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphomas representing a spectrum of aggressive cytotoxic T-cell lymphomas with a mainly extranodal presentation. (PMID:21753698)
• Studies suggest that activated human gammadelta T cells can efficiently present PRAME and STEAP1-derived epitopes and allow breaking tolerance against these tumor-associated self-antigens. (PMID:21928126)
• psoriasis patients, gammadelta T cells were greatly increased in affected skin and produced large amounts of IL-17 (PMID:21982596)
• Findings suggest that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell-mediated production of granulysin as an underestimated immune effector in malaria. (PMID:22045985)
• [Review] Studies in a murine model provide important information for investigations of gammadelta T cells, mainly Vgamma1-positive cells, that are involved in immediate control of West Nile virus and the host TCRG immune response in humans. (PMID:22078709)
• G-CSF mobilization not only influences the distribution and expression levels of T cell receptors (TCR) of gamma delta+ T cells (TRGV and TRDV) repertoire, but also changes the clonality of gamma delta+ T cells. (PMID:22171570)
• Data indicate that that CD16 could stimulate gammadelta T cells independently of T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement and provide them with an intrinsic antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) potential. (PMID:22180442)
• A second combinatorial immune receptor found in monocytes/macrophages is based on the TCRgamma-delta. (PMID:23312956)
• The surface TCR expression of primary alphabeta and gammadelta T cells from healthy donors carrying a single null or leaky mutation in CD3G (gamma+/-) or CD3D (delta+/-, delta+/leaky) with that of normal controls, were compared. (PMID:23336327)
• Data indicate that gammadelta T cell functions are specifically impaired in situ by active tuberculosis. (PMID:23770719)
• Data suggest that both CD8+ alphabeta and gammadelta T cells are activated in an antigen-specific manner in response to dietary gluten. (PMID:23878218)
• The gamma-delta TCR docked orthogonally, over the A’ pocket of CD1d, in which the Vdelta1-chain, and the germ line-encoded CDR1d loop, dominated interactions with CD1d. (PMID:24076636)
• T cell receptor delta gamma + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are developmentally the prominent IEL subtype in the immature murine and human gut. (PMID:24905458)
• direct Ddelta2-Jdelta1 rearrangements are prohibited by a B12/23 restriction and ordered TCR-delta gene assembly requires RUNX1 protein, which binds to the Ddelta2-23RSS, interacts with RAG1, and enhances RAG1 deposition at this site (PMID:25135298)
• These findings highlight how components from alphabeta and gammadeltaTCR gene loci can recombine to confer antigenic specificity. (PMID:25452463)
• Gamma-delta T cells and their corresponding T cell receptors hold pomise for cancer immunotherapy. (Review) (PMID:25864915)
• The delta2-chain complementarity determining region 3 (delta2 CDR3) the gammadelta T-cell receptor of pulmonary tuberculosis patients apparently drifts, and the predominant delta2 CDR3 sequence that recognizes Mycobacterium tuberculosis may exhibit specificity. (PMID:25947144)
• Studies indicate that T-cell receptors Tcra and Tcrd transit from an unrearranged configuration to a rearranged configuration during T-cell development. (PMID:26230488)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

Canonical reviewed UniProt: None (reviewed: )

All UniProt accessions (0):

RefSeq proteins (0): (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (0):

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

0 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

2 total (human), top 2 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_1667	RPMI-8402	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.