TRIM10

Summary

TRIM10 (tripartite motif containing 10, HGNC:10072) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p22.1, encoding Tripartite motif-containing protein 10 (Q9UDY6). E3 ligase that plays an essential role in the differentiation and survival of terminal erythroid cells.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Studies in mice suggest that this protein plays a role in terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 10107 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 50
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 106 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006778

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10072
Approved symbol	TRIM10
Name	tripartite motif containing 10
Location	6p22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	RFB30, HERF1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000204613
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605701
Entrez	10107

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000376704, ENST00000449742

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_006778 NM_006778, NM_052828

CCDS: CCDS34375, CCDS4676

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000354038 — 0 exons

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 51 present calls, max score 81.90.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.6378 / max 409.3099, expressed in 24 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
72503	0.2724	15
72500	0.1215	11
72502	0.0999	12
72507	0.0616	17
72501	0.0303	10
72505	0.0266	5
72504	0.0152	4
72506	0.0106	4

Top tissues by expression

123 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.90	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	81.81	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	78.57	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	72.04	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	71.64	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	70.78	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	69.60	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	69.33	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	69.25	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	67.97	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	66.26	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	65.97	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	61.19	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	60.41	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	58.54	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	57.65	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	56.42	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	54.52	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	53.92	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	52.79	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	52.38	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	50.79	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	49.91	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	48.30	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	48.06	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	47.24	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	46.38	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	45.31	silver quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	45.08	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	44.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9067	yes	3.46
E-ANND-3	no	1.02

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): SPI1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

93 targeting TRIM10, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-518D-5P	100.00	67.51	979
HSA-MIR-518E-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-518F-5P	100.00	67.51	979
HSA-MIR-519A-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-519B-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-519C-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-520C-5P	100.00	67.51	979
HSA-MIR-522-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-523-5P	100.00	67.66	954
HSA-MIR-526A-5P	100.00	67.51	979
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-539-3P	99.98	70.74	1616
HSA-MIR-485-3P	99.98	70.68	1585
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-4697-3P	99.89	67.09	1123
HSA-MIR-130B-5P	99.83	68.50	1888
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-3617-5P	99.75	69.41	1968

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Oncogenic gene TRIM10 confers resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells and activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. (PMID:32997424)
• TRIM10 binds to IFN-alpha/beta receptor 1 to negatively regulate type I IFN signal transduction. (PMID:33811647)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Trim10	ENSMUSG00000073400
rattus_norvegicus	Trim10	ENSRNOG00000000782

Paralogs (80): MID2 (ENSG00000080561), TRIM9 (ENSG00000100505), MID1 (ENSG00000101871), MEFV (ENSG00000103313), TRIM35 (ENSG00000104228), TRIM14 (ENSG00000106785), TRIM37 (ENSG00000108395), TRIM2 (ENSG00000109654), TRIM3 (ENSG00000110171), TRIM38 (ENSG00000112343), TRIM62 (ENSG00000116525), TRIM67 (ENSG00000119283), TRIM32 (ENSG00000119401), BSPRY (ENSG00000119411), TRIM25 (ENSG00000121060), TRIM6 (ENSG00000121236), TRIM24 (ENSG00000122779), TRIM51 (ENSG00000124900), TRIM28 (ENSG00000130726), TRIM21 (ENSG00000132109), TRIM5 (ENSG00000132256), TRIM22 (ENSG00000132274), TRIM47 (ENSG00000132481), TRIM45 (ENSG00000134253), TRIM29 (ENSG00000137699), TRIM54 (ENSG00000138100), PML (ENSG00000140464), TRIM65 (ENSG00000141569), TRIM43B (ENSG00000144010), TRIM43 (ENSG00000144015), TRIM7 (ENSG00000146054), TRIM41 (ENSG00000146063), TRIM50 (ENSG00000146755), TRIM4 (ENSG00000146833), TRIM55 (ENSG00000147573), TRIM48 (ENSG00000150244), TRIM36 (ENSG00000152503), TRIM11 (ENSG00000154370), TRIM74 (ENSG00000155428), TRIM42 (ENSG00000155890)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Tripartite motif-containing protein 10 — Q9UDY6 (reviewed: Q9UDY6)

Alternative names: B30-RING finger protein, RING finger protein 9

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A1U9X8M5, Q9UDY6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. E3 ligase that plays an essential role in the differentiation and survival of terminal erythroid cells. May directly bind to PTEN and promote its ubiquitination, resulting in its proteasomal degradation and activation of hypertrophic signaling. In addition, plays a role in immune response regulation by repressing the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 in the interferon/JAK/STAT signaling pathway independent of its E3 ligase activity. Mechanistically, interacts with the intracellular domain of IFNAR1 and thereby inhibits the association between TYK2 and IFNAR1.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with IFNAR1; this interaction prevents association of IFNAR1 with TYK2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Similarity. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9UDY6-1	Alpha	yes
Q9UDY6-2	Beta

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_006769, NP_439893 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000315	Znf_B-box	Domain
IPR001841	Znf_RING	Domain
IPR001870	B30.2/SPRY	Domain
IPR003877	SPRY_dom	Domain
IPR003879	Butyrophylin_SPRY	Domain
IPR006574	PRY	Domain
IPR013083	Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR017907	Znf_RING_CS	Conserved_site
IPR018957	Znf_C3HC4_RING-type	Domain
IPR042784	TRIM10_RING-HC	Domain
IPR043136	B30.2/SPRY_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050143	TRIM/RBCC	Family

Pfam: PF00097, PF00622, PF00643, PF13765

UniProt features (37 total): strand 15, sequence conflict 6, binding site 4, turn 3, sequence variant 2, zinc finger region 2, chain 1, domain 1, helix 1, coiled-coil region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7QS0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UDY6-F1	90.23	0.70

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 99; 102; 121; 127

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-877300	Interferon gamma signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 115 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_HOMEOSTASIS, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_ERYTHROCYTE_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_MODULATION_OF_PROCESS_OF_ANOTHER_ORGANISM, GNF2_ANK1, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, GATA3_01, MODULE_379, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, INGRAM_SHH_TARGETS_UP, GNF2_SPTA1, GNF2_PCAF, GOBP_HOST_MEDIATED_SUPPRESSION_OF_SYMBIONT_INVASION

GO Biological Process (3): erythrocyte differentiation (GO:0030218), innate immune response (GO:0045087), host-mediated suppression of symbiont invasion (GO:0046597)

GO Molecular Function (4): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interferon Signaling	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
myeloid cell differentiation	1
erythrocyte homeostasis	1
immune response	1
defense response to symbiont	1
innate immune response	1
host-mediated perturbation of symbiont process	1
transition metal ion binding	1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

870 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TRIM10	TRAT1	Q6PIZ9	683
TRIM10	PPP1R11	O60927	591
TRIM10	GPC5	P78333	498
TRIM10	METTL1	Q9UBP6	490
TRIM10	HLA-DRB5	Q30154	489
TRIM10	CD6	P30203	470
TRIM10	HLA-A	P01891	466
TRIM10	ZSCAN23	Q3MJ62	457
TRIM10	PRR3	P79522	453
TRIM10	CLEC16A	Q2KHT3	440
TRIM10	HLA-DPB1	P01916	440
TRIM10	AKAP17A	Q02040	436
TRIM10	OR2B3	O76000	435
TRIM10	TMLHE	Q9NVH6	427
TRIM10	LILRA2	Q8N149	418

IntAct

17 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TRIM10	PSMA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TRIM10	TTC23	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TTC23	TRIM10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
PSMA1	TRIM10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TRIM10	ZNF148	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ZNF148	TRIM10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ACAA2	MGME1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TRIM10	WIZ	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HSP90AB1	TRIM10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TRIM10	POLRMT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TRIM10	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (91): TRIM10 (Two-hybrid), TRIM10 (Two-hybrid), TTC23 (Two-hybrid), TRIM44 (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM193B (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL41 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRMT61B (Affinity Capture-MS), ZMYM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POLRMT (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM35 (Affinity Capture-MS), TBK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZBTB33 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTMR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), EMILIN3 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF624 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JPQ4, E1BD59, O15197, P0C0K6, P62603, Q14142, Q1XH17, Q1XH18, Q3UWZ0, Q5BK82, Q5JZY3, Q5M929, Q5NCC3, Q5RBG2, Q5RKG6, Q5TM55, Q5W0U4, Q640S6, Q6P6S3, Q6PGR9, Q6PJ69, Q6ZMU5, Q7TPM3, Q7YR32, Q80VI1, Q80X56, Q80YW5, Q810I1, Q810I2, Q865W2, Q86UV6, Q86UV7, Q86XT4, Q8BFW4, Q8BVW3, Q8BYG9, Q8C006, Q8C0E3, Q8IUD6, Q8K243

Diamond homologs: A0JN74, A6NCK2, A6NDI0, A6NGJ6, A6NI03, A6NK02, A6NLI5, B1H278, C9J1S8, K7N6K2, O00635, O15553, O19085, O77666, P0CI25, P0CI26, P14373, P15533, P18892, P19474, Q02084, Q0PF16, Q12899, Q13410, Q1ACD5, Q1ACD6, Q1ACD7, Q1ACD8, Q1XHU0, Q2T9Z0, Q2YEM8, Q2YEM9, Q2YEN0, Q2YEN2, Q3UWZ0, Q3ZEE5, Q495X7, Q587N6, Q587N7, Q58DK8

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
Ub:E2	“up-regulates activity”	TRIM10	ubiquitination
TRIM10	“down-regulates quantity”	PTEN	ubiquitination

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

106 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	82
Likely benign	16
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

795 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:30160428:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:30160429:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:30160449:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:30160520:ATCAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:30155760:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
6:30156933:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156934:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156935:TTAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156936:TAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156937:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30156937:ACCC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156938:C:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30156938:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30157052:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
6:30159143:GACTT:G	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159144:ACTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159145:CTT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159146:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159147:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159148:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30159148:A:AT	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159149:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30159149:C:CG	donor_loss	0.9900
6:30159247:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
6:30160428:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30160429:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30160508:CAA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30160524:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
6:30154482:GTGAG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
6:30154487:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000254148 (6:30160560 T>G), RS1000408129 (6:30157002 G>A), RS1000806121 (6:30164911 C>T), RS1000862230 (6:30156823 A>C), RS1000924326 (6:30165308 G>A), RS1001514069 (6:30162116 A>C), RS1001682982 (6:30155925 C>A,T), RS1002106446 (6:30163939 G>C,T), RS1002298322 (6:30157708 C>T), RS1002417754 (6:30155403 T>G), RS1002518768 (6:30160630 T>A,C), RS1002747693 (6:30161334 C>T), RS1002983063 (6:30164847 A>T), RS1003228811 (6:30152339 A>C), RS1003319967 (6:30163718 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605701 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

50 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000549_36	HIV-1 control	1.000000e-06
GCST002324_6	Anger	8.000000e-07
GCST004521_121	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	3.000000e-13
GCST004521_171	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	4.000000e-14
GCST004521_2	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	2.000000e-16
GCST004521_210	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	5.000000e-15
GCST004521_263	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	7.000000e-17
GCST004521_268	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	7.000000e-12
GCST004521_269	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	7.000000e-11
GCST004521_295	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	6.000000e-18
GCST004521_3	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	2.000000e-15
GCST004521_44	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	2.000000e-17
GCST004521_56	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	1.000000e-22
GCST004521_70	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	8.000000e-20
GCST004521_79	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	1.000000e-16
GCST004605_31	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	1.000000e-20
GCST004611_91	High light scatter reticulocyte count	1.000000e-34
GCST004611_92	High light scatter reticulocyte count	6.000000e-25
GCST004611_93	High light scatter reticulocyte count	1.000000e-14
GCST004611_94	High light scatter reticulocyte count	3.000000e-24
GCST004612_10	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	2.000000e-35
GCST004612_11	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	2.000000e-23
GCST004612_12	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	2.000000e-11
GCST004612_13	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	8.000000e-24
GCST004619_128	Reticulocyte fraction of red cells	3.000000e-25
GCST004619_87	Reticulocyte fraction of red cells	4.000000e-25
GCST004621_96	Red cell distribution width	4.000000e-11
GCST004621_97	Red cell distribution width	3.000000e-09
GCST004622_208	Reticulocyte count	1.000000e-23
GCST004622_209	Reticulocyte count	2.000000e-27

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0000180	HIV-1 infection
EFO:0003015	aggressive behavior
EFO:0004528	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
EFO:0007986	reticulocyte count
EFO:0009188	Red cell distribution width
EFO:0007660	neuroticism measurement
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
lasiocarpine	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
chlortoluron	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation, increases methylation	1
Decitabine	decreases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases reaction, affects binding	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation, increases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Ethanol	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Nickel	increases expression	1
Smoke	increases expression	1
Sodium Hydroxide	affects response to substance	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.