TRIM34

gene
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Summary

TRIM34 (tripartite motif containing 34, HGNC:10063) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11p15.4, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM34 (Q9BYJ4). Functions as antiviral protein and contributes to the defense against retroviral infections.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. Expression of this gene is up-regulated by interferon. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from the upstream TRIM6 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members.

Source: NCBI Gene 53840 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 5
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 6 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_021616

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:10063
Approved symbolTRIM34
Nametripartite motif containing 34
Location11p15.4
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000258659
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM605684
Entrez53840

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 8 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000429814, ENST00000491385, ENST00000495668, ENST00000514226, ENST00000870811, ENST00000870812, ENST00000870813, ENST00000870814, ENST00000930054, ENST00000970166

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_021616 NM_001003827, NM_021616, NM_130390

CCDS: CCDS31391

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000429814 — 8 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000210279956250015625060
ENSE0000346529556431445644398
ENSE0000346643456322555632754
ENSE0000347982156346315634861
ENSE0000349207456338045633899
ENSE0000354076256424065642506
ENSE0000355606256428175642843
ENSE0000368179656411675641189

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 90.38.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 4.8291 / max 145.4754, expressed in 1386 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1128194.73211383
1128200.097145

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
monocyteCL:000057690.38gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073890.04gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002984.93gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017884.51gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210684.44gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198784.05gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009483.73gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115483.48gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123383.41gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582783.38gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105282.19gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123482.10gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582581.54gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236981.52gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130281.43gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370181.19gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113580.93gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211480.70gold quality
endometriumUBERON:000129580.60gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211079.85gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211979.66gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099279.60gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099179.36gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211879.22gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210878.92gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499178.90gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345478.85gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830378.62gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039778.59gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216778.11gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-4850no280.04
E-ANND-3no2.17

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

55 targeting TRIM34, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-3646100.0073.565283
HSA-MIR-128-3P99.9571.172484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P99.9571.192505
HSA-MIR-205-3P99.9269.923165
HSA-MIR-3681-3P99.8870.462254
HSA-MIR-477999.8666.501583
HSA-MIR-451799.7669.191867
HSA-MIR-1213099.7565.47452
HSA-MIR-1255A99.7468.09744
HSA-MIR-1255B-5P99.7468.16741
HSA-MIR-4802-3P99.7270.131273
HSA-MIR-46699.6770.852863
HSA-MIR-58699.6570.402051
HSA-MIR-1249-5P99.6166.552049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P99.6166.552084
HSA-MIR-427699.5667.662514
HSA-MIR-1212399.5271.792990
HSA-MIR-360999.5269.892587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P99.5269.732626
HSA-MIR-467299.5071.582893
HSA-MIR-425199.4069.193363
HSA-MIR-145-3P99.3367.66764
HSA-MIR-6828-5P99.3169.211433
HSA-MIR-751599.3168.221795
HSA-MIR-148A-5P99.3068.271141
HSA-MIR-3191-5P99.2466.521722
HSA-MIR-296-3P99.2166.56474
HSA-MIR-146A-3P99.1368.991881

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

  • Data show there was no distinguished colocalization relationship between the complex of tripartite motif-containing protein 34 (TRIM34)-micronulei and mitochondria. (PMID:27371841)
  • TRIM34 proteins contribute to the formation of MGCs. (PMID:31487507)
  • TRIM34 restricts HIV-1 and SIV capsids in a TRIM5alpha-dependent manner. (PMID:32282853)
  • TRIM34 modulates influenza virus-activated programmed cell death by targeting Z-DNA-binding protein 1 for K63-linked polyubiquitination. (PMID:35065966)
  • TRIM34 suppresses non-small-cell lung carcinoma via inducing mTORC1-dependent glucose utilization and promoting cellular death. (PMID:38336254)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusTrim34aENSMUSG00000056144
mus_musculusTrim34bENSMUSG00000090215
rattus_norvegicusTrim34ENSRNOG00000042686

Paralogs (80): MID2 (ENSG00000080561), TRIM9 (ENSG00000100505), MID1 (ENSG00000101871), MEFV (ENSG00000103313), TRIM35 (ENSG00000104228), TRIM14 (ENSG00000106785), TRIM37 (ENSG00000108395), TRIM2 (ENSG00000109654), TRIM3 (ENSG00000110171), TRIM38 (ENSG00000112343), TRIM62 (ENSG00000116525), TRIM67 (ENSG00000119283), TRIM32 (ENSG00000119401), BSPRY (ENSG00000119411), TRIM25 (ENSG00000121060), TRIM6 (ENSG00000121236), TRIM24 (ENSG00000122779), TRIM51 (ENSG00000124900), TRIM28 (ENSG00000130726), TRIM21 (ENSG00000132109), TRIM5 (ENSG00000132256), TRIM22 (ENSG00000132274), TRIM47 (ENSG00000132481), TRIM45 (ENSG00000134253), TRIM29 (ENSG00000137699), TRIM54 (ENSG00000138100), PML (ENSG00000140464), TRIM65 (ENSG00000141569), TRIM43B (ENSG00000144010), TRIM43 (ENSG00000144015), TRIM7 (ENSG00000146054), TRIM41 (ENSG00000146063), TRIM50 (ENSG00000146755), TRIM4 (ENSG00000146833), TRIM55 (ENSG00000147573), TRIM48 (ENSG00000150244), TRIM36 (ENSG00000152503), TRIM11 (ENSG00000154370), TRIM74 (ENSG00000155428), TRIM42 (ENSG00000155890)

Protein

Protein identifiers

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM34Q9BYJ4 (reviewed: Q9BYJ4)

Alternative names: Interferon-responsive finger protein 1, RING finger protein 21

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9BYJ4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Functions as antiviral protein and contributes to the defense against retroviral infections. Acts as a capsid-specific restriction factor with the help of TRIM5 and prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses. During influenza A virus infection, promotes programmed cell death by targeting ZBP1 for ‘Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitination. In turn, promotes ZBP1 recruitment of RIPK3 to mediate virus-induced programmed necrosis. Negatively regulates the function of mitochondria by enhancing mitochondrial depolarization leading to cytochrome c release and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Also promotes the formation of multinucleated giant cells by means of cell fusion and phagocytosis in epithelial cells.

Subunit / interactions. Homotrimer. Interacts (via B-box and SPRY domain) with TRIM5. (Microbial infection) Interacts (via the B30.2/SPRY domain) with HIV-1 capsid complexes.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Is the most abundant form. It is highly expressed in the placenta, spleen, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Induction. Up-regulated by interferons.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Similarity. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9BYJ4-11, Mediumyes
Q9BYJ4-22, Short

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001003827, NP_067629* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000315Znf_B-boxDomain
IPR001841Znf_RINGDomain
IPR001870B30.2/SPRYDomain
IPR003877SPRY_domDomain
IPR003879Butyrophylin_SPRYDomain
IPR013083Znf_RING/FYVE/PHDHomologous_superfamily
IPR013320ConA-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR017907Znf_RING_CSConserved_site
IPR035826TRIM34_PRY/SPRYDomain
IPR043136B30.2/SPRY_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR050143TRIM/RBCCFamily

Pfam: PF00622, PF00643, PF15227

UniProt features (23 total): strand 4, binding site 4, sequence variant 3, splice variant 2, helix 2, zinc finger region 2, chain 1, domain 1, mutagenesis site 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
2EGPSOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BYJ4-F186.620.54

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 97; 100; 119; 125

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

PositionPhenotype
121reduced association with trim5.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-877300Interferon gamma signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 125 (showing top): BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_VIRUS, CHEN_HOXA5_TARGETS_9HR_DN, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_VIRUS, HOWLIN_CITED1_TARGETS_1_DN, HOWLIN_CITED1_TARGETS_2_DN, ZHENG_FOXP3_TARGETS_IN_THYMUS_UP, ZHENG_FOXP3_TARGETS_IN_T_LYMPHOCYTE_DN, BOYLAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_C_CLUSTER_DN

GO Biological Process (5): regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), innate immune response (GO:0045087), defense response to virus (GO:0051607), regulation of primary metabolic process (GO:0080090)

GO Molecular Function (6): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Interferon Signaling1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
cytoplasm2
gene expression1
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process1
protein modification by small protein conjugation1
immune response1
defense response to symbiont1
defense response1
response to virus1
regulation of metabolic process1
primary metabolic process1
transition metal ion binding1
protein binding1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity1
binding1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1
intracellular anatomical structure1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

588 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TRIM34TRAT1Q6PIZ9923
TRIM34BBOX1O75936829
TRIM34TNPO3Q9Y5L0581
TRIM34TNPO1Q92973533
TRIM34BTBD2Q9BX70494
TRIM34BTBD1Q9H0C5494
TRIM34TRIM56Q9BRZ2487
TRIM34OR52B6Q8NGF0476
TRIM34MYCP01106474
TRIM34TRIM23P36406469
TRIM34IKBKEQ14164467
TRIM34TRIM66O15016448
TRIM34PRYO14603447
TRIM34TRIM28Q13263423
TRIM34TRIM24O15164418

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TRIM5TRIM34psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.550
UBE2UTRIM34psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
HIP2TRIM34psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
TRIM34BIRC2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MNAT1TRIM34psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
TRIM34MKRN3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
TRIM34TRIM6-TRIM34psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (37): TRIM34 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRIM6-TRIM34 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWINT (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM5 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM6 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZBP1 (Biochemical Activity), UBE2N (Reconstituted Complex), UBE2D2 (Reconstituted Complex), TRIM34 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM34 (Affinity Capture-Western), ZBP1 (Affinity Capture-Western), ZBP1 (Reconstituted Complex), RIPK3 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRIM34 (Affinity Capture-MS), FASN (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A3B3IT33, A6NCK2, A6NDI0, A6NGJ6, A6NI03, A6NLI5, C9J1S8, I1YAP6, K7N6K2, P0CI25, P0CI26, P15533, Q0PF16, Q1ACD5, Q1ACD6, Q1ACD7, Q1ACD8, Q2YEM8, Q2YEM9, Q2YEN0, Q2YEN2, Q3ZEE5, Q587N6, Q587N7, Q5BN31, Q5C8T6, Q5C8T8, Q5C8U1, Q5C8U3, Q5C8U4, Q5D7H7, Q5D7H8, Q5D7I0, Q5D7I1, Q5D7I2, Q5D7I3, Q5D7I5, Q5D7I6, Q5D7I9, Q5D7J0

Diamond homologs: A0JN74, A6NCK2, A6NDI0, A6NGJ6, A6NI03, A6NK02, A6NLI5, B1H278, C9J1S8, K7N6K2, O00635, O15553, O19085, O77666, P0CI25, P0CI26, P14373, P15533, P18892, P19474, Q02084, Q0PF16, Q12899, Q13410, Q1ACD5, Q1ACD6, Q1ACD7, Q1ACD8, Q1XHU0, Q2T9Z0, Q2YEM8, Q2YEM9, Q2YEN0, Q2YEN2, Q3UWZ0, Q3ZEE5, Q495X7, Q587N6, Q587N7, Q58DK8

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
Ub:E2“up-regulates activity”TRIM34ubiquitination

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

6 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance0
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1614 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
11:5632734:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
11:5633896:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
11:5633933:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
11:5633934:A:Tdonor_gain1.0000
11:5633945:GACCT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
11:5634629:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
11:5634630:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
11:5634859:CAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
11:5634860:AGGTA:Adonor_loss1.0000
11:5634861:GG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
11:5634862:G:GCdonor_loss1.0000
11:5634862:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
11:5620021:CAGGT:Cdonor_loss0.9900
11:5620023:GGTA:Gdonor_loss0.9900
11:5620024:G:Cdonor_loss0.9900
11:5620025:T:Adonor_loss0.9900
11:5633897:A:Tdonor_gain0.9900
11:5633907:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
11:5633958:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
11:5633959:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
11:5633959:G:Tdonor_gain0.9900
11:5634629:AGTAT:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5634630:GT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5634630:GTAT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5634630:GTATC:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5634858:GCAG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
11:5643142:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5643143:G:GGacceptor_gain0.9900
11:5621611:T:TAdonor_gain0.9800
11:5621612:A:AAdonor_gain0.9800

AlphaMissense

3229 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
11:5643323:T:AW361R0.985
11:5643323:T:CW361R0.985
11:5643293:T:AW351R0.981
11:5643293:T:CW351R0.981
11:5643578:T:CF446L0.971
11:5643580:T:AF446L0.971
11:5643580:T:GF446L0.971
11:5634670:T:CF187L0.970
11:5634672:T:AF187L0.970
11:5634672:T:GF187L0.970
11:5643295:G:CW351C0.968
11:5643295:G:TW351C0.968
11:5643617:T:CF459L0.966
11:5643619:C:AF459L0.966
11:5643619:C:GF459L0.966
11:5643332:G:TG364W0.965
11:5643573:T:AV444D0.959
11:5643333:G:AG364E0.958
11:5643332:G:AG364R0.951
11:5643332:G:CG364R0.951
11:5643548:T:CF436L0.946
11:5643550:C:AF436L0.946
11:5643550:C:GF436L0.946
11:5632650:T:CF107L0.945
11:5632652:C:AF107L0.945
11:5632652:C:GF107L0.945
11:5643579:T:CF446S0.945
11:5643546:T:AV435D0.943
11:5643294:G:CW351S0.941
11:5643542:G:TG434W0.938

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000011327 (11:5630522 G>T), RS1000043628 (11:5630215 A>T), RS1000139707 (11:5629996 G>A), RS1000165634 (11:5627135 T>G), RS1000205321 (11:5636909 G>A), RS1000218152 (11:5642596 C>A,T), RS1000246603 (11:5624869 T>C,G), RS1000409803 (11:5621343 TTC>T), RS1000514974 (11:5637042 G>A,T), RS1000575774 (11:5636708 A>G), RS1000622586 (11:5620359 A>G), RS1000685025 (11:5634115 A>G), RS1000725197 (11:5619801 C>G), RS1001029880 (11:5621605 T>C), RS1001045452 (11:5631636 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605684 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST010725_20Malaria4.000000e-69
GCST010725_33Malaria2.000000e-67
GCST010725_51Malaria1.000000e-55
GCST90002391_237Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration1.000000e-12
GCST90002403_238Red blood cell count2.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004528mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
EFO:0004305erythrocyte count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression2
Doxorubicindecreases expression, increases expression2
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression2
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
bisphenol Saffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
jinfukangincreases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
Vehicle Emissionsdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Cisplatinincreases expression1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Oxygenincreases expression1
Tretinoinincreases expression1
Valproic Acidincreases methylation1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases methylation1
Particulate Matterdecreases expression, increases abundance1

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_B1ICAbcam A-549 TRIM34 KO 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_B2QWAbcam A-549 TRIM34 KO 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_TU12HAP1 TRIM34 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_TU13HAP1 TRIM34 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): malaria