TRPM1

gene
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Also known as LTRPC1CSNB1C

Summary

TRPM1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1, HGNC:7146) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q13.3, encoding Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (Q7Z4N2). Constitutively open nonselective divalent cation-conducting channels which mediate the influx of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ba(2+), and Ni(2+) into the cytoplasm, leading to membrane depolarization.

This gene encodes a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily of transient receptor potential ion channels. The encoded protein is a calcium permeable cation channel that is expressed in melanocytes and may play a role in melanin synthesis. Specific mutations in this gene are the cause autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness-1C. The expression of this protein is inversely correlated with melanoma aggressiveness and as such it is used as a prognostic marker for melanoma metastasis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 4308 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): TRPM1-related retinopathy (Definitive, ClinGen) — +2 more curated relationships
  • GWAS associations: 8
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 1,308 total — 51 pathogenic, 41 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 9
  • Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity unscored
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001252024

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:7146
Approved symbolTRPM1
Nametransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1
Location15q13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesLTRPC1, CSNB1C
Ensembl geneENSG00000134160
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM603576
Entrez4308

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 7 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000256552, ENST00000397795, ENST00000557948, ENST00000558070, ENST00000558212, ENST00000558445, ENST00000558768, ENST00000559177, ENST00000559179, ENST00000560658, ENST00000560801, ENST00000711434

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001252024 NM_001252020, NM_001252024, NM_001252030, NM_002420

CCDS: CCDS10024, CCDS58345, CCDS58346, CCDS58347

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256552 — 28 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000009128073106311831063292
ENSE000009128093106607631066247
ENSE000009128113106706331067187
ENSE000011270473106787931068092
ENSE000017573993107003131070226
ENSE000022427773108135331081438
ENSE000022697013110165731101725
ENSE000025454993100106531003070
ENSE000034643423104937531049509
ENSE000034827163106257931062702
ENSE000035089013107690531076984
ENSE000035197383104620431046233
ENSE000035203503103771131037842
ENSE000035231193105040931050582
ENSE000035256283102691531027117
ENSE000035440633106054431060644
ENSE000035492513104788931047939
ENSE000035523353104011831040346
ENSE000035806923102937131029391
ENSE000035840853104711131047251
ENSE000035843473103268931032940
ENSE000035901513102833231028476
ENSE000036051153102613931026271
ENSE000036435043106144231061514
ENSE000036510703103804431038166
ENSE000036699933104195131042243
ENSE000036829933103554631035674
ENSE000040156113103098331031157

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 119 present calls, max score 99.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 2.1810 / max 324.8246, expressed in 69 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1491222.122465
1491230.02555
1491260.01485
1491250.01274
1491240.00564

Top tissues by expression

235 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178299.09gold quality
retinaUBERON:000096699.07gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203077.13gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047376.16gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151174.05gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141672.67gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001472.37gold quality
mammalian vulvaUBERON:000099768.83gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099162.95gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426262.41gold quality
penisUBERON:000098961.96gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646958.14gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692058.02silver quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224056.94gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207956.46silver quality
testisUBERON:000047356.08gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453355.87gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011555.65gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453455.59gold quality
eyeUBERON:000097055.49gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337954.34gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656654.23gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008354.22gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481953.93gold quality
spermCL:000001953.23gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203852.71gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189151.30gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155451.05gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536350.58silver quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234950.25gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 8 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-2yes3098.90
E-GEOD-81383yes1452.31
E-GEOD-137537yes1298.10
E-MTAB-7407yes903.80
E-MTAB-7316yes39.33
E-GEOD-135922yes23.76
E-MTAB-8142yes20.28
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MITF, TP53

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

36 targeting TRPM1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-56899.9869.862084
HSA-MIR-50799.9770.111915
HSA-MIR-55799.9670.011640
HSA-MIR-651-3P99.9473.485177
HSA-MIR-9983-3P99.9471.483631
HSA-MIR-3682-5P99.9367.971163
HSA-MIR-6809-3P99.9171.453814
HSA-MIR-4753-3P99.9071.033786
HSA-MIR-4671-3P99.8872.461045
HSA-MIR-129-5P99.8870.263273
HSA-MIR-579-3P99.8671.663628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P99.8471.653590
HSA-MIR-130B-5P99.8368.501888
HSA-MIR-94499.8270.853042
HSA-MIR-3156-3P99.7666.72939
HSA-MIR-7856-5P99.7569.992901
HSA-MIR-33A-3P99.7070.273362
HSA-MIR-570099.6469.882280
HSA-MIR-141-5P99.5767.86897
HSA-MIR-6832-3P99.5270.441726
HSA-MIR-446099.3768.52615
HSA-MIR-431199.3170.473041
HSA-MIR-3160-5P99.2869.071938
HSA-MIR-4477B99.2370.491733
HSA-MIR-6734-3P99.1566.271627
HSA-MIR-7151-3P99.0469.722370
HSA-MIR-5001-3P98.9167.281394
HSA-MIR-4662A-5P98.4867.181007
HSA-MIR-4772-3P98.0465.601203
HSA-MIR-315997.9466.791098

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity Not yet evaluated (unscored). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • studies identify MITF as a major transcriptional regulator of TRPM1 and suggest that its prognostic value may be linked to MITF-mediated regulation of cellular differentiation (PMID:14744763)
  • These findings suggest that the pattern of TRPM1 mRNA expression may be helpful in the differentiation of Spitz nevi and nodular melanomas. (PMID:19396153)
  • Data suggest that TRPM1 is an ion channel whose function is critical to normal melanocyte pigmentation and is thus a potential target for pigmentation disorders. (PMID:19436059)
  • The regulation of TRPM1 by ultraviolet and its role in melanogenesis in epidermal melanocytes are reported. (PMID:19587221)
  • Recessive mutations of TRPM1 abrogate ON bipolar cell function and cause complete congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:19878917)
  • [REVIEW] TRPM1 and TRPM2, are localized in intracellular compartments and are involved in melanin synthesis and oxidative stress-induced cell death (PMID:19887679)
  • Mutations in TRPM1 are a common cause of complete congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:19896109)
  • TRPM1 is mutated in patients with autosomal-recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:19896113)
  • Human TRPM1 mutations are associated with the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness in Japanese patients. (PMID:20300565)
  • TRPM1 is mutated in patients with autosomal-recessive congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:20346272)
  • TRPM1 mRNA expression is specific for melanocytes and strongly associated with MITF and tyrosinase expression, the latter implicating a mature melanocyte phenotype (PMID:20482673)
  • This review covers the significant discoveries related to the physiological function and regulatory mechanism of the TRPM1 channel in retinal ON bipolar cells and the association of human TRPM1 mutations. (PMID:20846719)
  • Data demonstrate that TRPM1 proteins are bona fide ion-conducting plasma membrane channels. (PMID:21278253)
  • summarize and discuss our present knowledge of TRPM1: its discovery, expression, regulation, and proposed functions in skin and eye (PMID:21290293)
  • present investigation found no evidence for an association between sequence variation at the TRPM1 gene and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in Mexican Americans, although it appears to have modest influence on T2DM risk factors (PMID:21439949)
  • This study reveals TRPM1 to be one of the autoantigens targeted by autoantibodies in at least some patients with cancer-associated retinopathy or melanoma-associated retinopathy associated with retinal ON bipolar cell dysfunction. (PMID:21611200)
  • A proteomic search for proteins associated with nyctalopin in the retina identifies TRPM1 as the binding partner. (PMID:21832182)
  • In the human retina TRPM1 is expressed on ON-bipolar cell dendrites that invaginate photoreceptor terminals and is also expressed on the synaptic ribbons of a subclass of rods, suggesting a dual function for TRPM1 in the ON-pathway. (PMID:21896854)
  • The results expand the mutation spectrum of NYX, CACNA1F and GRM6. They also suggest that NYX mutations are a common cause of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB),No variations were found in TRPM1. (PMID:22735794)
  • These data suggest differences in coupling of TRPM1 function to mGluR6 signaling explain different cellular responses to glutamate in the retina and the skin. (PMID:23452348)
  • We found 13 different mutations in the TRPM1 gene in congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:23714322)
  • visual deficits in melanoma associated retinopathy are caused by the uptake of TRPM1 autoantibodies into ON-bipolar cells (PMID:23936334)
  • This is the first reported case of a melanoma-associated retinopathy diagnosed utilizing the innovative approach of testing for serum TRPM1 autoantibodies. (PMID:24053997)
  • genotype-phenotype correlations showed that this eye phenotype was secondary to homozygous deletion of TRPM1, the gene responsible for autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness. The main differential diagnosis is ceroid lipofuscinosis. (PMID:24668847)
  • these data indicate that purified TRPM1 is mostly dimeric. The three-dimensional structure of TRPM1 dimers is characterized by a small putative transmembrane domain and a larger domain with a hollow cavity. (PMID:25112866)
  • Affected family members harboured the homozygous 1-bp deletion c.2394delC in exon 18 of the TRPM1 gene, whereas their unaffected parents were heterozygous carriers. (PMID:27084085)
  • Loss of TRPM1 mRNA expression appears to be a crucial event in the progression of melanoma to a more malignant, metastatic phenotype. (PMID:27987328)
  • This study reveals the structural underpinnings of TRPML1’s regulation, assembly and pathogenesis. (PMID:28112729)
  • We have confirmed the TRPM1 36,445 bp deletion is a founder mutation in the Ashkenazi-Jewish (AJ) population with a carrier rate of 1 in 50. We have also confirmed the 35,741 bp deletion in the CACNA2D4 gene is a founder mutation in the AJ population with a carrier rate of 1 in 56. (PMID:28726569)
  • These results show that joint tests of main effects and gene-gene interaction reveal associations at some novel loci that were missed when considering main effects alone. (PMID:28813576)
  • TRPM1-associated cCSNB is a channelopathy that may present without complaints of night blindness in childhood. (PMID:29522070)
  • The results indicate that the majority of transient receptor potential melastatin-1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, from which it can potentially be transported to the dendritic tips as needed for ON light responses. (PMID:30027108)
  • TRPM1 Mutations are the Most Common Cause of Autosomal Recessive Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) in the Palestinian and Israeli Populations. (PMID:31427709)
  • Serum SUR1 and TRPM4 in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. (PMID:31707576)
  • A novel homozygous c.1394T>A (p.Met465Lys) missense mutation in TRPM1 was identified in two siblings. (PMID:31908403)
  • Genetic polymorphisms of transient receptor potential melastatin 1 correlate with voriconazole-related visual adverse events. (PMID:32222082)
  • A case of melanoma-associated retinopathy with autoantibodies against TRPM1. (PMID:32472235)
  • Association Analysis Between Common Variants of the TRPM1 Gene and Three Mental Disorders in the Han Chinese Population. (PMID:33001715)
  • Congenital stationary night blindness in a patient with mild learning disability due to a compound heterozygous microdeletion of 15q13 and a missense mutation in TRPM1. (PMID:33691579)
  • Clinical and genetic findings in TRPM1-related congenital stationary night blindness. (PMID:35633130)

Cross-species orthologs

10 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriotrpm1aENSDARG00000011259
danio_reriotrpm1bENSDARG00000103476
mus_musculusTrpm1ENSMUSG00000030523
rattus_norvegicusTrpm1ENSRNOG00000015829
drosophila_melanogasterTrpmFBGN0265194
caenorhabditis_elegansgon-2WBGENE00001651
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00004149
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00020972
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00021404
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00021408

Paralogs (7): TRPM5 (ENSG00000070985), TRPM3 (ENSG00000083067), TRPM7 (ENSG00000092439), TRPM6 (ENSG00000119121), TRPM4 (ENSG00000130529), TRPM2 (ENSG00000142185), TRPM8 (ENSG00000144481)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1Q7Z4N2 (reviewed: Q7Z4N2)

Alternative names: Long transient receptor potential channel 1, Melastatin-1

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A0A0MTQ9, A0A0A0MTR0, A0AAA9YHX4, Q7Z4N2, H0YKU7, H0YM61

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Constitutively open nonselective divalent cation-conducting channels which mediate the influx of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ba(2+), and Ni(2+) into the cytoplasm, leading to membrane depolarization. Impermeable to zinc ions. In addition, forms heteromultimeric ion channels with TRPM3 which are permeable for calcium and zinc ions. Plays an essential role for the depolarizing photoresponse of retinal ON bipolar cells. In the dark, tonic release of glutamate activates the G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate, GRM6, its activation induces the release of G(o) protein and the beta-gamma G protein dimer. Both subunits can interact and inactivate the TRPM1 channel. A light onset, induces decrease in glutamate release and deactivation of GRM6 leading to channel opening and membrane depolarization. May play a role in metastasis suppression.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with TRPM3; the interaction results in the formation of a heteromultimeric cation channel complex that are functionally different from the homomeric channels. Interacts with GPR179. Associates with both guanine nucleotide-binding proteins G(o) and beta-gamma G protein dimer; implicated in directly regulating TRPM1 channel open-state. Interacts with NYX and GRM6; the interaction is required for localization to dendritic tips of ON bipolar cells.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Cell projection. Axon.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the retina where it localizes to the outer plexiform layer. Specifically, it is expressed in retinal bipolar cells (BPCs) of the ON subtype. Highly expressed in benign melanocytic nevi and diffusely expressed in various in situ melanomas, but not detected in melanoma metastases. Also expressed in melanocytes and pigmented metastatic melanoma cell lines. In melanocytes expression appears to be regulated at the level of transcription and mRNA processing.

Disease relevance. Night blindness, congenital stationary, 1C (CSNB1C) [MIM:613216] A non-progressive retinal disorder characterized by impaired night vision, often associated with nystagmus and myopia. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by extracellular zinc ions. Inhibited by intracellular Mg(2+). Activated by the neuroactive steroid pregnenolone sulfate. Negatively regulated by activation of GRM6 receptors in the ON-bipolar cells.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Similarity. Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. LTrpC subfamily. TRPM1 sub-subfamily.

Isoforms (7)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q7Z4N2-11yes
Q7Z4N2-22
Q7Z4N2-33
Q7Z4N2-44
Q7Z4N2-55
Q7Z4N2-66
Q7Z4N2-77

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001238949, NP_001238953, NP_001238959, NP_002411 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR005821Ion_trans_domDomain
IPR032415TRPM_tetraDomain
IPR037162TRPM_tetra_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR041491TRPM_SLOGDomain
IPR050927TRPMFamily
IPR057366TRPM-likeDomain

Pfam: PF00520, PF16519, PF18139, PF25508

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 4 shown:

  • Mn(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(out) (RHEA:28699)
  • Ca(2+)(in) = Ca(2+)(out) (RHEA:29671)
  • Mg(2+)(in) = Mg(2+)(out) (RHEA:29827)
  • Ni(2+)(in) = Ni(2+)(out) (RHEA:29831)

UniProt features (63 total): sequence variant 26, topological domain 7, splice variant 7, transmembrane region 6, region of interest 5, compositionally biased region 4, sequence conflict 3, mutagenesis site 2, chain 1, coiled-coil region 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q7Z4N2-F166.740.17

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 1076

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
989reduces inhibition by zinc allowing zinc ion influx.
1021–1027abolishes inhibition by zinc allowing zinc ion influx.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-3295583TRP channels
R-HSA-9824594Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in apoptosis

MSigDB gene sets: 176 (showing top): YAATNRNNNYNATT_UNKNOWN, NKX25_02, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIGHT_STIMULUS, chr15q13, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_GLUTAMATE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, RIZKI_TUMOR_INVASIVENESS_3D_DN, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, TCF4_Q5, CEBP_Q2, GOBP_CALCIUM_ION_IMPORT, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_LIGHT_STIMULUS, MODULE_256, MODULE_480, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_RADIATION, TGACATY_UNKNOWN

GO Biological Process (11): calcium ion transport (GO:0006816), G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007216), visual perception (GO:0007601), protein tetramerization (GO:0051262), calcium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0070588), cellular response to light stimulus (GO:0071482), monoatomic cation transmembrane transport (GO:0098655), calcium ion import across plasma membrane (GO:0098703), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085)

GO Molecular Function (6): calcium channel activity (GO:0005262), monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008324), monoatomic ion channel activity (GO:0005216), monoatomic cation channel activity (GO:0005261), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0046873)

GO Cellular Component (6): endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), axon (GO:0030424), membrane (GO:0016020), cell projection (GO:0042995)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Stimuli-sensing channels1
MITF-M-dependent gene expression1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
metal ion transport2
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport2
transport2
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity2
monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity2
cellular anatomical structure2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
glutamate receptor signaling pathway1
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity1
sensory perception of light stimulus1
protein complex oligomerization1
calcium ion transport1
response to light stimulus1
cellular response to radiation1
monoatomic cation transport1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport1
calcium ion import1
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol1
inorganic cation import across plasma membrane1
calcium ion import into cytosol1
monoatomic ion transport1
transmembrane transport1
cellular process1
monoatomic cation channel activity1
calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity1
channel activity1
monoatomic ion channel activity1
binding1
cytoplasm1
endomembrane system1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
organelle membrane1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment1
membrane1
cell periphery1
neuron projection1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1056 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TRPM1NYXQ9GZU5975
TRPM1GRM6O15303974
TRPM1MTMR10Q9NXD2931
TRPM1LRIT3Q3SXY7853
TRPM1FAN1Q9Y2M0852
TRPM1TYRP14679783
TRPM1TYRP1P17643766
TRPM1TRPV1Q8NER1734
TRPM1MITFO75030687
TRPM1GPR179Q6PRD1680
TRPM1CACNA1FO60840673
TRPM1CABP4P57796661
TRPM1OTUD7AQ8TE49651
TRPM1GNAO1P09471642
TRPM1MLANAQ16655606

IntAct

122 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TRPM1PTPN3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1MAST2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1SNX27psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1SCRIBpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1DLG1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1SNTB1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1GIPC2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1MAST1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1PARD3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1ARHGAP21psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1LIN7Cpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1DLG3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
APBA3TRPM1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1MAGI3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1RHPN1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1PDZRN4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1MPP2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1MAGI2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1PCLOpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1PATJpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1LNX2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1NHERF4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1NHERF2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1TJP1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1PDZK1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TRPM1GORASP1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440

BioGRID (12): TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Two-hybrid), TRPM1 (Proximity Label-MS), HIST1H2BH (Proximity Label-MS), TRPM1 (Reconstituted Complex), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRPM1 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4IMY7, A0JPA0, A2AP18, A8DYE2, J9SQF3, O00329, O35904, O75038, P0C1Q3, P0C588, P19687, P33402, P48736, P97557, Q02108, Q09M05, Q148L1, Q1LWG4, Q2TV84, Q2WEA5, Q3USB7, Q4ZHS0, Q502J0, Q5EBA1, Q60565, Q62688, Q69ZF7, Q6P4Q7, Q6PA06, Q7L5N7, Q7TN37, Q7Z2W7, Q7Z4N2, Q80YD1, Q8BTI9, Q8BYI6, Q8BZN2, Q8CIR4, Q8NHH9, Q8R455

Diamond homologs: A0A0R4IMY7, A7T1N0, A8DYE2, E9PTA2, J9SQF3, O94759, Q2TV84, Q2WEA5, Q5XIG0, Q7TN37, Q7Z2W7, Q7Z4N2, Q8BVU5, Q8R455, Q8R4D5, Q8TD43, Q91YD4, Q9BW91, Q9ESQ5, Q9HCF6, Q9JJH7, Q9NZQ8, S5UH55, Q09297, Q8CIR4, Q923J1, Q925B3, Q96QT4, Q9BX84, Q93971, O00418, O01991, P42527, P90648, Q54SF9, Q6B9X6, Q8MY12, Q54DK4, Q86TB3, Q91ZB0

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
MITF“up-regulates quantity by expression”TRPM1“transcriptional regulation”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 79 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors839.8×2e-09
Neurexins and neuroligins934.8×9e-10
Protein-protein interactions at synapses631.2×3e-06

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity968.8×2e-12
receptor clustering757.5×6e-09
protein localization to synapse550.4×5e-06
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels532.6×3e-05
cell-cell adhesion912.0×5e-06
protein-containing complex assembly812.0×3e-05
chemical synaptic transmission66.1×9e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

1308 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic51
Likely pathogenic41
Uncertain significance590
Likely benign436
Benign102

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1069278NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.763_764insCTGCG (p.His255fs)Pathogenic
1071080NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.733G>T (p.Glu245Ter)Pathogenic
1073921NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.745C>T (p.Arg249Ter)Pathogenic
1323717NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2013C>A (p.Tyr671Ter)Pathogenic
1368732NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1919G>A (p.Trp640Ter)Pathogenic
1372145NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1962G>A (p.Trp654Ter)Pathogenic
1431480NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.336del (p.Asp113fs)Pathogenic
1441780NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1566T>A (p.Tyr522Ter)Pathogenic
1451202NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2925del (p.Pro976fs)Pathogenic
1452756NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.403C>T (p.Gln135Ter)Pathogenic
1453529NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1369A>T (p.Lys457Ter)Pathogenic
1457255NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2250C>A (p.Cys750Ter)Pathogenic
1458159NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2388T>A (p.Tyr796Ter)Pathogenic
1459633NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.482del (p.Gly161fs)Pathogenic
1517049NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.3127+1G>APathogenic
1710199NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1305_1324del (p.Glu436fs)Pathogenic
1951885NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1893del (p.Gln631fs)Pathogenic
1996737NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2737dup (p.Ile913fs)Pathogenic
2004067NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.370dup (p.Ser124fs)Pathogenic
2013040NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.3132C>A (p.Tyr1044Ter)Pathogenic
2111311NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1343del (p.Gly448fs)Pathogenic
2137643NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2343del (p.Thr782fs)Pathogenic
2706972NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2501_2502del (p.Arg834fs)Pathogenic
2716312NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.836del (p.Gly279fs)Pathogenic
2756723NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1134del (p.Met379fs)Pathogenic
2797375NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.3097_3104del (p.Tyr1033fs)Pathogenic
2879560NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1223_1224del (p.Ile408fs)Pathogenic
2986734NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.553dup (p.Val185fs)Pathogenic
30363NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.2711C>A (p.Ser904Ter)Pathogenic
30364NM_001252024.2(TRPM1):c.1089+3_1089+6delPathogenic

SpliceAI

4477 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
15:31026134:CGTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:31026136:TACCT:Tdonor_loss1.0000
15:31026137:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026137:A:AGdonor_loss1.0000
15:31026137:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:31026138:C:CGdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026138:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026138:CCT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026138:CCTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026138:CCTTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026267:GAGCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026268:AGCT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026270:CT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026272:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026272:C:CGacceptor_loss1.0000
15:31026273:T:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
15:31026296:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026298:CG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026299:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
15:31026913:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026914:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026914:CT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026917:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026917:AAT:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:31026917:AATC:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:31026918:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:31026932:T:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:31026957:T:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:31028328:GTAC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
15:31028329:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

10762 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
15:31027077:A:GW1090R1.000
15:31027077:A:TW1090R1.000
15:31028350:A:GL1070P1.000
15:31028380:A:GL1060P1.000
15:31031107:A:CS979R1.000
15:31031107:A:TS979R1.000
15:31031109:T:GS979R1.000
15:31040227:A:GL714P1.000
15:31027055:A:GL1097P0.999
15:31027064:C:GR1094P0.999
15:31027069:G:CF1092L0.999
15:31027069:G:TF1092L0.999
15:31027071:A:GF1092L0.999
15:31027075:C:AW1090C0.999
15:31027075:C:GW1090C0.999
15:31028334:G:CF1075L0.999
15:31028334:G:TF1075L0.999
15:31028336:A:GF1075L0.999
15:31028347:A:GL1071P0.999
15:31028352:G:CN1069K0.999
15:31028352:G:TN1069K0.999
15:31028362:A:GL1066P0.999
15:31028367:G:CN1064K0.999
15:31028367:G:TN1064K0.999
15:31028387:A:GC1058R0.999
15:31028411:A:GW1050R0.999
15:31028411:A:TW1050R0.999
15:31030999:A:CF1015L0.999
15:31030999:A:TF1015L0.999
15:31031000:A:CF1015C0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000023299 (15:31117964 A>G,T), RS1000029450 (15:31002263 C>A), RS1000036045 (15:31087175 G>A,C), RS1000045585 (15:31098042 CTTAT>C), RS1000059867 (15:31046787 T>C), RS1000063523 (15:31062091 C>G,T), RS1000085033 (15:31118222 C>T), RS1000106100 (15:31008572 G>C), RS1000111743 (15:31143743 T>C), RS1000118790 (15:31156596 G>A,T), RS1000153998 (15:31140909 A>C,G), RS1000170326 (15:31070534 A>T), RS1000222143 (15:31127596 A>C), RS1000225525 (15:31013744 G>T), RS1000253090 (15:31019976 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603576 | disease phenotypes: MIM:613216, MIM:310500, MIM:268000, MIM:120970

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
congenital stationary night blindness 1CDefinitiveAutosomal recessive
congenital stationary night blindnessSupportiveAutosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
TRPM1-related retinopathyDefinitiveAR

Mondo (11): congenital stationary night blindness 1C (MONDO:0013183), hereditary macular dystrophy (MONDO:0020242), inherited retinal dystrophy (MONDO:0019118), retinal disorder (MONDO:0005283), optic atrophy (MONDO:0003608), night blindness (MONDO:0004588), congenital stationary night blindness (MONDO:0016293), ependymoma (MONDO:0016698), retinitis pigmentosa (MONDO:0019200), cone-rod dystrophy (MONDO:0015993), intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071)

Orphanet (7): Congenital stationary night blindness (Orphanet:215), OBSOLETE: Inherited retinal disorder (Orphanet:71862), Ependymoma (Orphanet:251636), Retinitis pigmentosa (Orphanet:791), Cone rod dystrophy (Orphanet:1872), OBSOLETE: Genetic macular dystrophy (Orphanet:98664), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

9 total (10 of 9 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000486Strabismus
HP:0000512Abnormal electroretinogram
HP:0000545Myopia
HP:0000639Nystagmus
HP:0000958Dry skin
HP:0001000Abnormality of skin pigmentation
HP:0007642Early-onset non-progressive night blindness
HP:0007663Reduced visual acuity
HP:0000556Retinal dystrophy

GWAS associations

8 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000473_7Response to antipsychotic treatment3.000000e-06
GCST001905_9Hypertriglyceridemia6.000000e-06
GCST004691_16Huntington’s disease progression8.000000e-06
GCST004868_1Advanced age-related macular degeneration2.000000e-07
GCST006484_3Type 2 diabetes2.000000e-07
GCST006976_47Macular thickness3.000000e-14
GCST007511_17Alzheimer’s disease (late onset)7.000000e-06
GCST010002_164Refractive error5.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004530triglyceride measurement
EFO:0008336disease progression measurement
EFO:1001870late-onset Alzheimers disease

MeSH disease descriptors (10)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D000071700Cone-Rod DystrophiesC11.270.152; C11.768.585.658.250; C16.320.290.152
D004806EpendymomaC04.557.465.625.600.380.290; C04.557.470.670.380.290; C04.557.580.625.600.380.290
D008607Intellectual DisabilityC10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D009755Night BlindnessC11.966.671
D009896Optic AtrophyC10.292.700.225; C11.640.451
D012164Retinal DiseasesC11.768
D058499Retinal DystrophiesC11.768.585.658
D012174Retinitis PigmentosaC11.270.684; C11.768.585.658.500; C16.320.290.684
C567704CSNB1C (supp.)
C536122Night blindness, congenital stationary (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: vgic — Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP)

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
Zn2+Channel blocker6.0pIC50

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Aflatoxin B1increases methylation2
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
VX-agentincreases expression1
manganese chlorideincreases expression1
benzo(e)pyreneincreases methylation1
aflatoxin B2increases methylation1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineincreases expression, affects response to substance1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
bisphenol Sdecreases methylation1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases methylation1
Cadmiumdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects response to substance, increases expression1
Manganeseincreases expression1
Methapyrileneincreases methylation1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Valproic Aciddecreases methylation1
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

235 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT01955135PHASE4COMPLETEDAnesthesia for Retinopathy of Prematurity
NCT00717080PHASE4COMPLETEDThe Role of Capsular Tension Ring (CTR) in Anterior Capsular Contraction
NCT04224207PHASE3COMPLETEDManagement of Retinitis Pigmentosa by Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Wharton’s Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
NCT07082855PHASE3NOT_YET_RECRUITINGA Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Study of Minocycline for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT00517959PHASE3UNKNOWNSCRT Versus Conventional RT in Children and Young Adults With Low Grade and Benign Brain Tumors
NCT01096368PHASE3COMPLETEDMaintenance Chemotherapy or Observation Following Induction Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ependymoma
NCT00000114PHASE3COMPLETEDRandomized Trial of Vitamin A and Vitamin E Supplementation for Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT00000116PHASE3COMPLETEDRandomized Trial of DHA for Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients Receiving Vitamin A
NCT00346333PHASE3COMPLETEDClinical Trial of Lutein for Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa Receiving Vitamin A
NCT01786395PHASE3TERMINATEDPhase III Efficacy and Safety Clinical Study of UF-021 for Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT04636853PHASE3COMPLETEDCB-PRP in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration
NCT05537220PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGOral N-acetylcysteine for Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT05800301PHASE3COMPLETEDManagement of Retinitis Pigmentosa Via Combination of Wharton’s Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Magnovision
NCT05926583PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Study of AAV5-hRKp.RPGR for the Treatment of Japanese Participants With X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT06388200PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Phase 3 Study Of OCU400 Gene Therapy for the Treatment Of Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT07290530PHASE3NOT_YET_RECRUITING24-Month Trial of NPI-001 for the Preservation of Photoreceptors in Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated With Usher Syndrome
NCT03763227PHASE2COMPLETEDIntravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) in the Treatment of Non-leaking Macular Cysts in Retinal Dystrophy
NCT04068207PHASE2COMPLETEDMinocycline Treatment in Retinitis Pigmentosa
NCT04945772PHASE2COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of MCO-010 Optogenetic Therapy in Adults With Retinitis Pigmentosa [RESTORE]
NCT01373476PHASE2COMPLETEDMulticentre, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Qideng Mingmu Capsule in The Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01793090PHASE2COMPLETEDEPI-743 in Cobalamin C Defect: Effects on Visual and Neurological Impairment
NCT00003479PHASE2TERMINATEDAntineoplaston Therapy in Treating Patients With Ependymoma
NCT00520936PHASE2COMPLETEDA Study of Pemetrexed in Children With Recurrent Cancer
NCT00840047PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGMethionine PET/CT Studies In Patients With Cancer
NCT01088035PHASE2TERMINATEDCarboplatin as a Radiosensitizer in Treating Childhood Ependymoma
NCT01247922PHASE2TERMINATEDSingle-agent Erlotinib in Patients Previously Treated With Oral Etoposide in Protocol OSI-774-205
NCT01288235PHASE2COMPLETEDProton Radiotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors Requiring Partial Brain Irradiation
NCT01295944PHASE2COMPLETEDCarboplatin and Bevacizumab for Recurrent Ependymoma
NCT01356290PHASE2RECRUITINGAntiangiogenic Therapy for Children With Recurrent Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma, ATRT and Rare CNS Tumors
NCT01836549PHASE2TERMINATEDImetelstat Sodium in Treating Younger Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Brain Tumors
NCT02125786PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Trial of Surgery and Fractionated Re-Irradiation for Recurrent Ependymoma
NCT02689336PHASE2WITHDRAWNErlotinib in Combination With Temozolomide in Treating Relapsed/Recurrent/Refractory Pediatric Solid Tumors
NCT03095248PHASE2TERMINATEDTrial of Selumetinib in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type II Related Tumors
NCT03155620PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGTargeted Therapy Directed by Genetic Testing in Treating Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, or Histiocytic Disorders (The Pediatric MATCH Screening Trial)
NCT03173950PHASE2COMPLETEDImmune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nivolumab in People With Recurrent Select Rare CNS Cancers
NCT03194906PHASE2COMPLETEDMemantine for Prevention of Cognitive Late Effects in Pediatric Patients Receiving Cranial Radiation Therapy for Localized Brain Tumors
NCT03210714PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGErdafitinib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With FGFR Mutations (A Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial)
NCT03213652PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEnsartinib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With ALK or ROS1 Genomic Alterations (A Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial)
NCT03213665PHASE2COMPLETEDTazemetostat in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With EZH2, SMARCB1, or SMARCA4 Gene Mutations (A Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial)
NCT03213678PHASE2COMPLETEDSamotolisib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With TSC or PI3K/MTOR Mutations (A Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial)