TSC22D4

gene
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Also known as THG-1TILZ2

Summary

TSC22D4 (TSC22 domain family member 4, HGNC:21696) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q22.1, encoding TSC22 domain family protein 4 (Q9Y3Q8). Binds DNA and acts as a transcriptional repressor.

TSC22D4 is a member of the TSC22 domain family of leucine zipper transcriptional regulators (see TSC22D3; MIM 300506) (Kester et al., 1999 [PubMed 10488076]; Fiorenza et al., 2001 [PubMed 11707329]).

Source: NCBI Gene 81628 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 79 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_030935

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:21696
Approved symbolTSC22D4
NameTSC22 domain family member 4
Location7q22.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesTHG-1, TILZ2
Ensembl geneENSG00000166925
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM611914
Entrez81628

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000300181, ENST00000393991, ENST00000423266, ENST00000456330, ENST00000493217

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_030935 NM_001303043, NM_030935

CCDS: CCDS5695

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000300181 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001107839100466519100467168
ENSE00001107845100478794100479214
ENSE00003503628100467552100467600
ENSE00003504362100474274100474440
ENSE00003562321100477277100478307

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 264 present calls, max score 99.54.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 56.4034 / max 2293.2010, expressed in 1817 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
8520629.91631815
8520124.7422236
852040.8047501
852070.265686
852030.2469103
852050.221765
852020.205956

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646999.54gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224099.07gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187698.89gold quality
peripheral nervous systemUBERON:000001098.81gold quality
nerveUBERON:000102198.81gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132398.81gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281098.76gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188298.69gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187498.41gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302798.38gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983598.35gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009498.25gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187398.25gold quality
middle frontal gyrusUBERON:000270298.18gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583498.13gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189897.72gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045197.66gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10UBERON:001354197.26gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354097.20gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489097.05gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247696.69gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233696.56gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536396.55gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203896.44gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189196.35gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224596.32gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226496.32silver quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212996.27gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269196.05gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190696.02gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7316yes1298.91
E-GEOD-84465yes791.55
E-MTAB-11121yes633.88
E-GEOD-137537yes37.16
E-ANND-3yes5.10

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

31 targeting TSC22D4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P100.0074.624024
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-9-3P99.9670.882068
HSA-MIR-124-3P99.8973.743043
HSA-MIR-506-3P99.8973.553057
HSA-MIR-4731-5P99.8967.232537
HSA-MIR-94499.8270.853042
HSA-MIR-6875-3P99.8270.262983
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P99.8072.624248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P99.8072.624248
HSA-MIR-6842-5P99.8067.541587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P99.8067.841712
HSA-MIR-320A-3P99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320B99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320C99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320D99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-442999.7769.622111
HSA-MIR-3140-5P99.3969.041136
HSA-MIR-5582-5P99.2771.421879
HSA-MIR-4667-3P99.2665.451608
HSA-MIR-478499.1567.411733
HSA-MIR-939-3P98.9765.072347
HSA-MIR-3150B-3P98.8167.211728
HSA-MIR-2467-3P98.6567.181969
HSA-MIR-4700-5P98.6367.431915
HSA-MIR-808997.7466.211698
HSA-MIR-4667-5P97.6166.671683
HSA-MIR-468996.9765.791209
HSA-MIR-6858-5P96.0564.591020
HSA-MIR-6822-5P93.9466.34812

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

  • Long form of TSC22DF is evolutionarily conserved and has growth-regulating potential. (PMID:20149264)
  • tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase (THG1), a unique 3’-5’ nucleotidyl transferase, shares unexpected structural homology with canonical 5’-3’ DNA polymerases. (PMID:21059936)
  • Data suggest transcription factor TSC22D4 inhibition as an insulin sensitizing option in diabetes therapy. (PMID:27827363)
  • Promotion of cellular senescence by THG-1/TSC22D4 knockout through activation of JUNB. (PMID:31806366)
  • THG-1 suppresses SALL4 degradation to induce stemness genes and tumorsphere formation through antagonizing NRBP1 in squamous cell carcinoma cells. (PMID:31864704)
  • Hepatocyte-specific activity of TSC22D4 triggers progressive NAFLD by impairing mitochondrial function. (PMID:35378329)
  • TSC22D4 promotes TGFbeta1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells. (PMID:35714570)
  • Promotion of squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis by oncogene-mediated THG-1/TSC22D4 phosphorylation. (PMID:37607779)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusGm57848ENSMUSG00000144222
mus_musculusTsc22d4ENSMUSG00000144223
rattus_norvegicusTsc22d4ENSRNOG00000050805
drosophila_melanogasterbunFBGN0259176
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00011824
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00012994

Paralogs (3): TSC22D1 (ENSG00000102804), TSC22D3 (ENSG00000157514), TSC22D2 (ENSG00000196428)

Protein

Protein identifiers

TSC22 domain family protein 4Q9Y3Q8 (reviewed: Q9Y3Q8)

Alternative names: TSC22-related-inducible leucine zipper protein 2

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9Y3Q8, H7BZ77, H7C0M8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Binds DNA and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Involved in the regulation of systematic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, via transcriptional repression of downstream insulin signaling targets such as OBP2A/LCN13. Acts as a negative regulator of lipogenic gene expression in hepatocytes and thereby mediates the control of very low-density lipoprotein release. May play a role in neurite elongation and survival.

Subunit / interactions. Forms a homodimer or heterodimer. Forms a heterodimer with TSC22D1 isoforms 1 and 2. Interacts with NRBP1.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cell projection. Dendrite. Synapse.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the liver.

Similarity. Belongs to the TSC-22/Dip/Bun family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9Y3Q8-11yes
Q9Y3Q8-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001289972, NP_112197* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000580TSC22/BunFamily
IPR042553TSC22D4Family
IPR047862TSC22/BUN_CSConserved_site

Pfam: PF01166

UniProt features (24 total): modified residue 14, region of interest 4, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9Y3Q8-F157.990.13

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (14): 165, 187, 189, 190, 211, 225, 229, 260, 264, 279, 370, 49, 57, 62

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 207 (showing top): TAATAAT_MIR126, GOBP_NEURON_PROJECTION_EXTENSION, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_GROWTH, DARWICHE_SKIN_TUMOR_PROMOTER_DN, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_LOW_DN, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_HIGH_DN, DARWICHE_SQUAMOUS_CELL_CARCINOMA_DN, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GTGCCTT_MIR506, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_24HR_UP, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, ZIC1_01, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS

GO Biological Process (7): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), response to osmotic stress (GO:0006970), glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593), negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892), neuron cellular homeostasis (GO:0070050), neuron projection extension (GO:1990138), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), dendrite (GO:0030425), synapse (GO:0045202), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
transcription by RNA polymerase II2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription2
cellular anatomical structure2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
response to stress1
response to abiotic stimulus1
carbohydrate homeostasis1
DNA-templated transcription1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
cellular homeostasis1
developmental cell growth1
neuron projection morphogenesis1
developmental growth involved in morphogenesis1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
neuron projection1
dendritic tree1
cell junction1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

764 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TSC22D4LHX4Q969G2650
TSC22D4LHX3Q9UBR4588
TSC22D4SLCO6A1Q86UG4490
TSC22D4NYAP1Q6ZVC0450
TSC22D4SPACDRQ8IZ16448
TSC22D4Q5T8A5Q5T8A5434
TSC22D4ZC2HC1BQ5TFG8419
TSC22D4CTNNA1P35221400
TSC22D4GIGYF1O75420393
TSC22D4WDR53Q7Z5U6389
TSC22D4TGFB1P01137385
TSC22D4TSC22D1Q15714383
TSC22D4ZCWPW1Q9H0M4377
TSC22D4FAM117BQ6P1L5366
TSC22D4PPP1R35Q8TAP8360

IntAct

208 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
NRBP1TSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.930
TSC22D4NRBP1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.930
NRBP2TSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.840
MAD2L1TSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.800
TSC22D4MAD2L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.800
TSC22D4PIN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.780
PIN1TSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.780
TSC22D4KEAP1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.760
TSC22D4KEAP1psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.760
NRBP1TSC22D2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
TSC22D4POLR1Cpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
ZBTB24TSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
TSC22D4ZBTB24psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
POLR1CTSC22D4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
TSC22D4ZMYND10psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.700

BioGRID (212): TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A7S8, A5D7K1, A5PK23, B1AXH1, F1QGH6, O94885, O95402, Q08495, Q08DM1, Q3T044, Q499V8, Q5HYW2, Q5PQP4, Q5R4B6, Q5R8Q8, Q5SYE7, Q5T0Z8, Q5U2R6, Q6PDH0, Q6PFX7, Q6PGN9, Q6ZVC0, Q7TT28, Q80U35, Q80VC9, Q80Z38, Q86UU1, Q86WR7, Q8BI29, Q8C5R2, Q8CAF4, Q8JZX9, Q8K4J6, Q8N1G1, Q8TF72, Q91Z58, Q969V6, Q96A73, Q9BW04, Q9D0P7

Diamond homologs: E9Q7M2, O75157, P62500, P62501, P80220, Q22544, Q24522, Q24523, Q27I66, Q3B8N7, Q3MHL6, Q5R4H1, Q5RED5, Q99576, Q9EQN3, Q9EQZ1, Q9Y3Q8, Q9Z2S7, Q15714, Q4R4H5, Q91012

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 101 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions617.9×2e-04
SARS-CoV-1 Infection614.5×4e-04
G2/M Checkpoints511.4×3e-03
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes511.0×3e-03
SARS-CoV Infections87.5×8e-04
Cell Cycle Checkpoints57.5×9e-03
Transcriptional Regulation by TP5377.4×2e-03
Viral Infection Pathways105.2×1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

79 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance60
Likely benign5
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

728 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
7:100467139:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
7:100467599:CA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:100467601:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:100474270:CTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:100474272:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:100474273:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:100474273:CCTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:100474466:CACA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:100474469:A:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:100467166:GTCC:Gacceptor_loss0.9900
7:100467167:TC:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467168:CC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467179:C:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467548:TTACC:Tdonor_loss0.9900
7:100467550:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
7:100467550:A:ATdonor_loss0.9900
7:100467551:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
7:100467597:GCCA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467598:CCA:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467598:CCAC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467599:CAC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100474273:CCTAT:Cdonor_gain0.9900
7:100474438:CAC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100474441:CTGGA:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
7:100474442:T:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
7:100474449:G:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
7:100467164:AAGTC:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
7:100467166:GTC:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
7:100467169:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9800
7:100467179:C:CTacceptor_gain0.9800

AlphaMissense

2501 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
7:100467116:A:GL344P1.000
7:100467137:A:TV337D1.000
7:100467149:A:GL333P1.000
7:100467149:A:TL333H1.000
7:100467153:G:CH332D1.000
7:100467156:A:GS331P1.000
7:100467157:C:AK330N1.000
7:100467157:C:GK330N1.000
7:100467557:C:GA325P1.000
7:100467565:A:CI322S1.000
7:100467565:A:TI322N1.000
7:100477769:C:AW90C1.000
7:100477769:C:GW90C1.000
7:100477771:A:GW90R1.000
7:100477771:A:TW90R1.000
7:100477823:G:CF72L1.000
7:100477823:G:TF72L1.000
7:100477824:A:GF72S1.000
7:100477825:A:GF72L1.000
7:100478004:A:GI12T1.000
7:100467053:A:GL365P0.999
7:100467074:A:GL358P0.999
7:100467104:A:GI348T0.999
7:100467134:C:GR338P0.999
7:100467141:C:GA336P0.999
7:100467150:G:AL333F0.999
7:100467151:G:CH332Q0.999
7:100467151:G:TH332Q0.999
7:100467158:T:AK330M0.999
7:100467159:T:CK330E0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000076772 (7:100468996 C>A,T), RS1000131233 (7:100474997 C>G,T), RS1000423470 (7:100474864 C>A), RS1000500983 (7:100477085 G>C), RS1000875952 (7:100467440 G>A,C), RS1001036218 (7:100479780 G>C), RS1001053067 (7:100470387 G>A), RS1001136562 (7:100476680 G>A), RS1001461507 (7:100473173 C>T), RS1001504587 (7:100478335 G>C), RS1002043366 (7:100478118 G>C), RS1002068328 (7:100472100 G>A), RS1002133679 (7:100467475 A>G,T), RS1002435006 (7:100472064 C>T), RS1002591435 (7:100473204 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611914 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004603_40Platelet count6.000000e-15
GCST010002_259Refractive error3.000000e-16
GCST010702_48Subcortical volume (MOSTest)6.000000e-10
GCST010703_289Brain morphology (MOSTest)6.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004309platelet count
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arseniteincreases expression2
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation, affects expression2
Ozoneincreases oxidation, increases abundance, affects expression, affects cotreatment2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
2,4,6-tribromophenoldecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
bisphenol Adecreases expression1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression1
coumarinaffects phosphorylation1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
ICG 001decreases expression1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl etherincreases expression1
bisphenol AFincreases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic aciddecreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
Arsenicaffects methylation1
Caffeinedecreases phosphorylation1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylenedecreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Estradioldecreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Selenomethionineaffects expression1
Thiramincreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression1
Tretinoinincreases expression1
Urethaneincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_AW46K562 eGFP-TSC22D4Cancer cell lineFemale
CVCL_B2JTAbcam HeLa TSC22D4 KOCancer cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.