TSPO2

Summary

TSPO2 (translocator protein 2, HGNC:21256) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p21.1, encoding Translocator protein 2 (Q5TGU0). Cholesterol-binding protein involved in the redistribution of cholesterol from lipid droplets to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Enables 5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in 5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane. Located in plasma membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 222642 — automated summary from GO annotations (Alliance of Genome Resources).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 20 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 4 tissues, sQTL in 1 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.64 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001010873

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21256
Approved symbol	TSPO2
Name	translocator protein 2
Location	6p21.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	dJ34B21.2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000112212
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619409
Entrez	222642

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 10 protein_coding

MANE Select: ENST00000373161

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 3

ENST00000373161, ENST00000373158, ENST00000470917, ENST00000984170, ENST00001103123, ENST00001103124, ENST00001103125, ENST00001103126, ENST00001103127, ENST00001138256

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001010873 NM_001010873, NM_001159726

CCDS: CCDS34444

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000373161 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000750657	41043557	41043698
ENSE00001459681	41042966	41043158
ENSE00001459682	41042467	41042778
ENSE00001820779	41043940	41044337

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 140 present calls, max score 87.22.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0525 / max 43.5445, expressed in 4 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): trabecular bone tissue, bone marrow, bone marrow cell, blood, Brodmann (1909) area 10.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

TSPO2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 4 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 1 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

5 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Testis	eqtl	8.4e-11	-0.47	6:41037763:T:C
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	2.2e-02	-0.71	6:40896019:T:C
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	eqtl	2.5e-02	+0.53	6:40374375:A:G
Minor Salivary Gland	eqtl	3.0e-02	-0.42	6:40370560:T:C
Whole Blood	sqtl	3.3e-02	-1.11	6:40846973:T:C

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
67722	0.0325	4
67723	0.0199	3

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 280 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	87.22	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	85.12	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	73.64	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	69.15	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	68.66	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	65.48	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	65.46	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	63.01	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	61.26	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	58.83	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	58.66	silver quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	57.79	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	57.71	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	57.39	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	56.23	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	55.98	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	55.66	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	55.52	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	55.41	silver quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	55.40	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	54.83	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	54.67	silver quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	54.62	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	53.63	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	53.47	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	52.91	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	52.73	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	52.66	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	52.54	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	52.42	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	52.30	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	52.17	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	52.17	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	52.14	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	51.87	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	51.66	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	51.33	silver quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	51.33	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	51.04	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	50.71	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	50.51	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	50.41	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	49.74	silver quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	49.70	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	49.53	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.49	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	49.27	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	49.18	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	49.13	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	49.04	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	48.94	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	48.89	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	48.85	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	48.83	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	48.74	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	48.62	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	48.51	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.48	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	48.24	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	48.06	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	48.04	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	47.92	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	47.92	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	47.90	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	47.85	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	47.80	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	47.74	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	47.70	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	47.60	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	47.34	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	47.28	silver quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	47.20	silver quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	47.17	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	47.14	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	47.05	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	47.03	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	47.01	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	46.82	silver quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	46.59	silver quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	46.38	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	45.89	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	45.64	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	45.51	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	45.50	gold quality
anatomical system	UBERON:0000467	45.48	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	45.45	gold quality
material anatomical entity	UBERON:0000465	45.42	gold quality
multicellular organism	UBERON:0000468	45.42	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	45.33	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	45.30	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	45.17	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	45.16	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10042	yes	138.78
E-HCAD-9	yes	6.51
E-MTAB-9067	yes	4.66
E-HCAD-10	no	1.96
E-ANND-3	no	1.29
E-MTAB-9467	no	0.62

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

48 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM
Bone marrow	tissue	47.3
Olfactory bulb	tissue	7.7
Cerebellum	tissue	6.4
Cerebral cortex	tissue	5.4
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	5.4
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	5.0
Temporal cortex	tissue	5.0
Basal ganglia	tissue	4.9
Insular cortex	tissue	4.9
Amygdala	tissue	4.7
Hippocampal formation	tissue	4.5
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	4.5
Occipital cortex	tissue	4.4
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	3.9
Ventral forebrain	tissue	3.9
Motor cortex	tissue	3.8
Putamen	tissue	3.5
Corpus callosum	tissue	3.5
Septum	tissue	3.4
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	3.4
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	3.3
Hypothalamus	tissue	2.8
Midbrain	tissue	2.7
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	2.1
Substantia nigra	tissue	2.1
Locus coeruleus	tissue	2.1
Pons	tissue	2.0
Medulla oblongata	tissue	2.0
Superior colliculi	tissue	2.0
Spinal cord	tissue	2.0
Choroid plexus	tissue	1.9
Thalamus	tissue	1.7
Hippocampus	tissue	1.7
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	1.4
Placenta	tissue	1.1
Duodenum	tissue	1.1
Small intestine	tissue	0.7
Gallbladder	tissue	0.6
Skin 1	tissue	0.5
Stomach 1	tissue	0.5
Kidney	tissue	0.5
Retina	tissue	0.3
Testis	tissue	0.2
Liver	tissue	0.2
Lymph node	tissue	0.1
Heart muscle	tissue	0.1
Skeletal muscle	tissue	0.1
Appendix	tissue	0.1

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 188; highest nTPM — Parieto-temporal junction (white matter) (5.4), Medial olivary nucleus (4.2), Temporal white matter (4.1), Corpus callosum, genu (white matter) (4.0), Nucleus raphe obscurus (4.0).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 2.8e-08, LOEUF 1.64, missense Z 0.111 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000373161 — one region, missense o/e 1.02.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• identify the TSPO2 family of proteins as mediators of cholesterol redistribution-dependent erythroblast maturation during mammalian erythropoiesis (PMID:19729679)
• TSPO ligands can induce Plasmodium falciparum death by increasing the uptake of porphyrins through a TSPO2-VDAC complex, which leads to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. (PMID:27641616)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tspo	ENSDARG00000026655
mus_musculus	Tspo2	ENSMUSG00000023995
rattus_norvegicus	Tspo2	ENSRNOG00000050521
drosophila_melanogaster	Tspo	FBGN0031263
caenorhabditis_elegans	tspo-1	WBGENE00077771

Paralogs (1): TSPO (ENSG00000100300)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1917276) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 6 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
decreased hematocrit	1
reticulocytosis	1
decreased hemoglobin content	1
decreased erythrocyte cell number	1
abnormal erythroblast morphology	1
increased erythrocyte sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Bos taurus	P30535	94.1%	Diamond
Ovis aries	Q9GMC9	94.1%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	Q6UN27	82.2%	Diamond
Canis lupus familiaris	E2RDM9	72.1%	Diamond
Chlorobaculum tepidum TLS	Q8KBX2	47.1%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
UNC5CL	protein-coding	222643
OARD1	protein-coding	221443
TREML1	protein-coding	340205
NFYA	protein-coding	4800
APOBEC2	protein-coding	10930
TREM2	protein-coding	54209

Protein

Protein identifiers

Translocator protein 2 — Q5TGU0 (reviewed: Q5TGU0)

Alternative names: Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-like protein 1

All UniProt accessions (1): Q5TGU0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cholesterol-binding protein involved in the redistribution of cholesterol from lipid droplets to the endoplasmic reticulum. Required to meet cholesterol demands during erythropoietic differentiation. May play a role in transport processes at the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, including regulating VDAC-mediated ATP export, and import of the heme precursors protoporphyrin IX and 5-aminolevulinic acid.

Subunit / interactions. Homotetramer. May also form homodimer.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in erythrocytes (at protein level).

Domain organisation. The C-terminal region mediates cholesterol-binding.

Similarity. Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q5TGU0-1	1	yes
Q5TGU0-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001010873, NP_001153198 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004307	TspO_MBR	Family
IPR038330	TspO/MBR-related_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF03073

UniProt features (8 total): transmembrane region 5, splice variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q5TGU0-F1	68.09	0.00

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Transporters, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): plasma membrane

Antibody reliability (HPA): IF enhanced

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 0; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

MSigDB gene sets: 119 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, MORF_RAGE, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_ERYTHROCYTE_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_AMINO_ACID_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GNF2_ANK1, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ORGANIC_HYDROXY_COMPOUND_TRANSPORT, GOBP_AMINO_ACID_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ORGANIC_ANION_TRANSPORT, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, GNF2_SPTA1, GNF2_PCAF, TANAKA_METHYLATED_IN_ESOPHAGEAL_CARCINOMA, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_TRANSPORT

GO Biological Process (5): intracellular cholesterol transport (GO:0032367), lipid droplet organization (GO:0034389), enucleate erythrocyte differentiation (GO:0043353), import across plasma membrane (GO:0098739), 5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane (GO:0140484)

GO Molecular Function (3): cholesterol binding (GO:0015485), 5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0140485), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), organelle membrane (GO:0031090), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

28 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
membrane	2
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cholesterol transport	1
intracellular sterol transport	1
organelle organization	1
erythrocyte differentiation	1
transmembrane transport	1
import into cell	1
monocarboxylic acid transport	1
nitrogen compound transport	1
amino acid import across plasma membrane	1
carboxylic acid transmembrane transport	1
sterol binding	1
alcohol binding	1
monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity	1
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	1
binding	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
organelle outer membrane	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
cell periphery	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 5 of 14 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

5 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane	BP	mutant phenotype
import across plasma membrane	BP	direct assay
organelle membrane	CC	direct assay
plasma membrane	CC	direct assay
5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity	MF	mutant phenotype

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,095 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TSPO2	HBM	Q6B0K9	551
TSPO2	FAM174B	Q3ZCQ3	471
TSPO2	EPS8L1	Q8TE68	463
TSPO2	STAR	P49675	463
TSPO2	HBQ1	P09105	415
TSPO2	KLF1	Q13351	388
TSPO2	CRYGN	Q8WXF5	378
TSPO2	GYPB	P06028	377
TSPO2	GYPE	P15421	372
TSPO2	LCP2	Q13094	370
TSPO2	LRP2	P98164	346
TSPO2	GYPA	P02724	340
TSPO2	UNC5A	Q6ZN44	339
TSPO2	TSPO	P30536	337
TSPO2	SLC4A1	P02730	335

IntAct

Human interaction partners of TSPO2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

showing 30 of 55 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
CREB3L1	physical association	0.560	5
RETREG3	physical association	0.560	5
AHNAK2	physical association	0.560	3
AQP6	physical association	0.560	3
ARL13B	physical association	0.560	3
ASGR2	physical association	0.560	3
ASZ1	physical association	0.560	3
BIK	physical association	0.560	3
CD53	physical association	0.560	3
CD69	physical association	0.560	3
CD79A	physical association	0.560	3
CERS4	physical association	0.560	3
CLDN4	physical association	0.560	3
CNR2	physical association	0.560	3
COL4A5	physical association	0.560	3
CPLX4	physical association	0.560	3
DKK4	physical association	0.560	3
EBP	physical association	0.560	3
EFNA5	physical association	0.560	3
EMP1	physical association	0.560	3
ERGIC3	physical association	0.560	3
ERP29	physical association	0.560	3
FCGR1A	physical association	0.560	3
FFAR2	physical association	0.560	3
FNDC9	physical association	0.560	3
FXYD3	physical association	0.560	3
GGT7	physical association	0.560	3
GJB5	physical association	0.560	3
GPR152	physical association	0.560	3
GPR42	physical association	0.560	3

BioGRID (62 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): AHNAK2 (Two-hybrid), AQP6 (Two-hybrid), ARL13B (Two-hybrid), ASGR2 (Two-hybrid), ASZ1 (Two-hybrid), BIK (Two-hybrid), C10orf54 (Two-hybrid), CD53 (Two-hybrid), CD69 (Two-hybrid), CD79A (Two-hybrid), CERS4 (Two-hybrid), CLDN4 (Two-hybrid), CNR2 (Two-hybrid), COL4A5 (Two-hybrid), CPLX4 (Two-hybrid)

SIGNOR signaling

2 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
TSPO2	“up-regulates activity”	SLC25A4	binding
TSPO2	“up-regulates activity”	VDAC1	binding

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for TSPO2: 20 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 2 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

20 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	14
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 19 predictions of 307):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
6:41043938–41043939	acceptor_loss	0.9700	6
6:41043159–41043160	donor_loss	0.9600	5
6:41043933	acceptor_loss	0.9500
6:41043160	donor_loss	0.9400
6:41043163	donor_loss	0.9400
6:41042775	donor_gain	0.9300
6:41043163	donor_loss	0.9000
6:41043163	donor_loss	0.8800
6:41043937	acceptor_loss	0.8600
6:41042768	donor_gain	0.8500

AlphaMissense

98 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 1,064 scored), across 48 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
W124	5	0.771	0.890
G58	4	0.800	0.897
W141	4	0.750	0.891
G15	4	0.741	0.844
W91	4	0.736	0.859
W65	4	0.683	0.717
W153	4	0.683	0.732
S90	3	0.921	0.921
S119	3	0.886	0.886
F8	3	0.799	0.799
G115	3	0.762	0.777
P137	3	0.746	0.836
S61	3	0.690	0.739
F97	3	0.682	0.682
F98	3	0.676	0.676
N128	3	0.617	0.654
A60	2	0.759	0.805
P12	2	0.682	0.683
V64	2	0.677	0.788
L142	2	0.677	0.726

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enhanced (Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619409 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

2 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003007_1	Non-cardia gastric cancer	3e-8
GCST003010_4	Gastric cancer	7e-8

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.