TSPYL1

Summary

TSPYL1 (TSPY like 1, HGNC:12382) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6q22.1, encoding Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 1 (Q9H0U9).

The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleolus and is similar to that of a family of genes on the Y-chromosome. This gene is intronless. Defects in this gene are a cause of sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT).

Source: NCBI Gene 7259 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): sudden infant death-dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 5 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 35
• MANE Select transcript: NM_003309

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:12382
Approved symbol	TSPYL1
Name	TSPY like 1
Location	6q22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000189241
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604714
Entrez	7259

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000368608, ENST00000652202

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_003309 NM_003309

CCDS: CCDS34518

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000368608 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001447547	116274858	116279930

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 291 present calls, max score 99.28.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 55.7689 / max 2081.2741, expressed in 1817 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
75255	50.1570	1816
75251	3.4091	1177
75254	0.8750	565
75252	0.6336	271
204170	0.4102	217
75256	0.2840	129

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	99.28	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	99.19	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	99.13	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	99.09	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	98.92	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	98.90	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	98.83	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	98.82	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	98.79	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	98.79	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	98.79	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	98.73	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	98.72	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	98.55	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	98.54	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	98.53	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	98.48	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	98.38	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	98.36	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	98.29	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	98.26	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	98.26	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	98.19	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	98.17	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	98.12	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	98.01	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	98.01	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	97.92	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	97.91	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	97.89	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-5	yes	615.04
E-HCAD-35	yes	48.22
E-GEOD-81608	no	3609.47
E-MTAB-6524	no	118.09
E-ENAD-27	no	14.77
E-GEOD-83139	no	10.24
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

149 targeting TSPYL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-3925-3P	100.00	69.95	1237
HSA-MIR-4682	100.00	68.89	1258
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-146A-5P	99.96	68.93	988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P	99.96	69.13	977
HSA-MIR-545-3P	99.95	70.74	2783
HSA-MIR-7153-5P	99.94	68.89	1006
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-589-3P	99.91	69.62	2088
HSA-MIR-4493	99.90	66.48	977
HSA-MIR-380-3P	99.89	70.18	1978
HSA-MIR-345-3P	99.89	70.23	1421

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• The chromatin remodeling factor TSPYL1 had a very similar pattern of expression with an incremental increase in HPFH and decreased expression in deltabeta-thalassemia. (PMID:16952470)
• Mutations in TSPYL1 may contribute to anomalies of testicular development/function. (PMID:19463995)
• Mutations in the TSPYL1 gene do not seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic male infertility, and mutation screening of the TSPYL1 gene can currently not be recommended in routine diagnostics of idiopathic male infertility. (PMID:22137496)
• Results show that mutations and polymorphisms in the TSPYL1 gene were not associated with sudden infant death syndrome in a cohort of 165 deceased Swiss infants. (PMID:25449952)
• The expression of spermatogenic phenotypes of TSPY1 defects is independent of variations in TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 in the Han Chinese population. (PMID:28847364)
• Unravelling the disease mechanism for TSPYL1 deficiency. (PMID:33075815)
• TSPYL1 as a Critical Regulator of TGFbeta Signaling through Repression of TGFBR1 and TSPYL2. (PMID:38588050)

Cross-species orthologs

10 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tspy	ENSDARG00000005015
danio_rerio	nap1l4a	ENSDARG00000070560
mus_musculus	Tspyl1	ENSMUSG00000047514
rattus_norvegicus	Tspyl1	ENSRNOG00000000549
drosophila_melanogaster	Set	FBGN0014879
drosophila_melanogaster	Nap1	FBGN0015268
drosophila_melanogaster	CG3708	FBGN0040345
drosophila_melanogaster	mil	FBGN0267366
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00005007
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017075

Paralogs (19): SET (ENSG00000119335), TSPY2 (ENSG00000168757), NAP1L5 (ENSG00000177432), TSPYL6 (ENSG00000178021), TSPYL5 (ENSG00000180543), TSPYL2 (ENSG00000184205), NAP1L3 (ENSG00000186310), NAP1L2 (ENSG00000186462), NAP1L1 (ENSG00000187109), TSPYL4 (ENSG00000187189), NAP1L4 (ENSG00000205531), TSPY3 (ENSG00000228927), TSPY8 (ENSG00000229549), SETSIP (ENSG00000230667), TSPY4 (ENSG00000233803), TSPY10 (ENSG00000236424), TSPY9 (ENSG00000238074), TSPY1 (ENSG00000258992), (ENSG00000293164)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 1 — Q9H0U9 (reviewed: Q9H0U9)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9H0U9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Nucleolus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in testis, ovary, liver, spleen, brain, kidney, prostate, lung, liver, and heart.

Post-translational modifications. Ubiquitinated by the CRL2(APPBP2) complex, which recognizes the Arg-Xaa-Xaa-Gly sequence at the C-terminus, leading to its degradation.

Disease relevance. Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT) [MIM:608800] Autosomal recessive disorder. Affected infants appear normal at birth, develop signs of visceroautonomic dysfunction early in life, and die before 12 months of age of abrupt cardiorespiratory arrest. Features included bradycardia, hypothermia, severe gastroesophageal reflux, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and abnormal cardiorespiratory patterns during sleep. Genotypic males with SIDDT had fetal testicular dysgenesis and ambiguous genitalia, with findings such as intraabdominal testes, dysplastic testes, deficient fetal testosterone production, fusion and rugation of the gonadal sac, and partial development of the penile shaft. Female sexual development was normal. Affected infants had an unusual staccato cry, similar to the cry of a goat. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_003300* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002164	NAP	Family
IPR037231	NAP-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00956

UniProt features (10 total): sequence variant 3, compositionally biased region 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H0U9-F1	62.62	0.34

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 156

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 221 (showing top): WAMUNYOKOLI_OVARIAN_CANCER_LMP_DN, ASTON_MAJOR_DEPRESSIVE_DISORDER_DN, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, MORF_IL4, GOBP_PROTEIN_DNA_COMPLEX_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CHROMATIN_REMODELING, MODULE_114, GOMF_CHROMATIN_BINDING, GOCC_NUCLEOLUS, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_DN, GOMF_HISTONE_BINDING, NUYTTEN_NIPP1_TARGETS_DN, MORF_PAX7, MORF_TNFRSF25, chr6q22

GO Biological Process (1): nucleosome assembly (GO:0006334)

GO Molecular Function (3): chromatin binding (GO:0003682), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), histone binding (GO:0042393)

GO Cellular Component (4): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
nuclear lumen	2
chromatin organization	1
nucleosome organization	1
protein-DNA complex assembly	1
binding	1
chromosome	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

716 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TSPYL1	SIRT1	Q96EB6	456
TSPYL1	SCN1B	Q07699	428
TSPYL1	GABRD	O14764	423
TSPYL1	GABRG2	P18507	408
TSPYL1	SCN1A	P35498	404
TSPYL1	NT5DC1	Q5TFE4	391
TSPYL1	TMEM31	Q5JXX7	377
TSPYL1	ADGRA3	Q8IWK6	368
TSPYL1	PCDH18	Q9HCL0	364
TSPYL1	DMRT1	Q9Y5R6	355
TSPYL1	HSD17B3	P37058	348
TSPYL1	TDRP	Q86YL5	336
TSPYL1	ADAD1	Q96M93	322
TSPYL1	MAMLD1	Q13495	322
TSPYL1	SCN2A	Q99250	318

IntAct

75 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SLX4	ERCC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
TSPYL1	PCM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NPM1	MPHOSPH10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
KSR2	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MAGEA4	MAGEB16	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TRIM44	ODAD3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL18A	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZC3H18	AQR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSPYL1	GPC3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NPTN	TNPO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PSME3	HTRA2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CAPN2	MYO9A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MAGEA4	MAGEA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KIF20A	NEURL4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Set	ZKSCAN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZMYND8	MTA3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PCM1	SUPT5H	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ESR1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PSME3	ZNF891	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SET	WDR46	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TSPYL1	DVL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SOX2	SEC16A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (169): TSPYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TSPYL1 (Reconstituted Complex), TSPYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TSPYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TSPYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TSPYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NAP1L3 (Affinity Capture-MS), TSPYL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), LCA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PCM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SIPA1L2 (Affinity Capture-MS), OSBPL3 (Affinity Capture-MS), SPAG5 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX6 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF687 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0J9YX94, A0A0J9YXQ4, A0A0J9YY54, A0A494C1R9, A5D7L8, A6NDY0, A6NKD2, A7E321, E9PGG2, F6SZT2, O14771, O19110, O75807, O88852, P0CV98, P0CV99, P0CW00, P0CW01, P0CW24, P17564, P78358, Q01534, Q0P5N2, Q15735, Q2KI51, Q2M329, Q587J8, Q5DTT8, Q5R5G8, Q5R6R8, Q5SV97, Q60465, Q62881, Q69ZB3, Q6P752, Q86V59, Q8BSI6, Q8IWY8, Q8N3D4, Q8VD63

Diamond homologs: A0A494C1R9, A2ZX50, A6NKD2, B8AEC1, B8B2R4, B8B4K9, B9FU45, F4JEI8, O19110, O59797, O88852, P0CV98, P0CV99, P0CW00, P0CW01, P0DME0, P53997, P78920, Q01105, Q01534, Q0P5N2, Q18240, Q5R5G8, Q5VND6, Q63945, Q69JW2, Q69ZB3, Q70Z17, Q70Z18, Q70Z19, Q7TQI8, Q86VY4, Q8N831, Q8VD63, Q94K07, Q9BE64, Q9CA59, Q9EQU5, Q9H0U9, Q9H2G4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 102 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits	8	13.2×	2e-05
Peptide chain elongation	7	13.1×	5e-05
Viral mRNA Translation	7	13.1×	5e-05
PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA	7	12.9×	5e-05
Selenocysteine synthesis	7	12.4×	6e-05
Eukaryotic Translation Termination	7	12.4×	6e-05
Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)	7	12.1×	6e-05
ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA	7	12.1×	6e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	6	15.2×	6e-04
cytoplasmic translation	7	14.4×	3e-04
translation	8	9.1×	6e-04

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

5 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	1
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

5 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:116278691:C:A	acceptor_gain	0.3600
6:116278684:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.2600
6:116279694:A:AC	donor_gain	0.2400
6:116278682:G:GA	acceptor_gain	0.2100
6:116278692:C:A	acceptor_gain	0.2000

AlphaMissense

2857 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:116278693:A:G	W380R	1.000
6:116278693:A:T	W380R	1.000
6:116278762:A:G	W357R	1.000
6:116278762:A:T	W357R	1.000
6:116278817:C:A	K338N	1.000
6:116278817:C:G	K338N	1.000
6:116278839:A:G	F331S	1.000
6:116278996:A:G	W279R	1.000
6:116278996:A:T	W279R	1.000
6:116278997:G:C	F278L	1.000
6:116278997:G:T	F278L	1.000
6:116278999:A:G	F278L	1.000
6:116279028:C:A	R268M	1.000
6:116278620:G:T	P404Q	0.999
6:116278628:C:A	W401C	0.999
6:116278628:C:G	W401C	0.999
6:116278630:A:G	W401R	0.999
6:116278630:A:T	W401R	0.999
6:116278632:A:G	L400P	0.999
6:116278644:A:T	I396N	0.999
6:116278691:C:A	W380C	0.999
6:116278691:C:G	W380C	0.999
6:116278760:C:A	W357C	0.999
6:116278760:C:G	W357C	0.999
6:116278819:T:C	K338E	0.999
6:116278832:G:C	N333K	0.999
6:116278832:G:T	N333K	0.999
6:116278833:T:A	N333I	0.999
6:116278838:G:C	F331L	0.999
6:116278838:G:T	F331L	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000431105 (6:116280433 G>A), RS1000449847 (6:116275220 C>T), RS1000692317 (6:116281526 G>A), RS1001596711 (6:116280022 G>T), RS1001816012 (6:116281186 G>C), RS1001887930 (6:116281456 T>G), RS1002170539 (6:116278219 T>A), RS1002406462 (6:116274541 T>C), RS1002487042 (6:116278457 G>C), RS1002628118 (6:116277943 G>A,C), RS1002742356 (6:116274860 A>C), RS1002894600 (6:116274628 G>C), RS1004713062 (6:116279508 A>G), RS1004723005 (6:116279252 C>G,T), RS1005345588 (6:116276470 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604714 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
sudden infant death-dysgenesis of the testes syndrome	Strong	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): sudden infant death-dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (MONDO:0012124)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

35 total (30 of 35 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000028	Cryptorchidism
HP:0000033	Ambiguous genitalia, male
HP:0000046	Small scrotum
HP:0000062	Ambiguous genitalia
HP:0000602	Ophthalmoplegia
HP:0001265	Hyporeflexia
HP:0001308	Tongue fasciculations
HP:0001336	Myoclonus
HP:0001510	Growth delay
HP:0001522	Death in infancy
HP:0001608	Abnormality of the voice
HP:0001662	Bradycardia
HP:0001695	Cardiac arrest
HP:0001699	Sudden death
HP:0002020	Gastroesophageal reflux
HP:0002045	Hypothermia
HP:0002104	Apnea
HP:0002267	Exaggerated startle response
HP:0002793	Abnormal pattern of respiration
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0003623	Neonatal onset
HP:0006543	Cardiorespiratory arrest
HP:0008708	Partial development of the penile shaft
HP:0008733	Dysplastic testis
HP:0008736	Hypoplasia of penis
HP:0008872	Feeding difficulties in infancy
HP:0010307	Stridor
HP:0010535	Sleep apnea
HP:0011675	Arrhythmia

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010002_333	Refractive error	2.000000e-36

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C563856	Sudden Infant Death with Dysgenesis of the Testes Syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs3828743	Efficacy	3	abiraterone;prednisolone	Prostatic Neoplasms

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs3828743	DSE, TSPYL1	3	4.50	1	abiraterone;prednisolone

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
celastrol	decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
chloropicrin	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Coumestrol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Urethane	increases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Lactic Acid	increases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.