TTC21A

Summary

TTC21A (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21A, HGNC:30761) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3p22.2, encoding Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 21A (Q8NDW8). Intraflagellar transport (IFT)-associated protein required for spermatogenesis.

Involved in flagellated sperm motility and spermatid development. Predicted to be located in cilium. Predicted to be part of intraciliary transport particle A. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 37.

Source: NCBI Gene 199223 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 37 (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 272 total — 6 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001366900

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30761
Approved symbol	TTC21A
Name	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21A
Location	3p22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	STI2, IFT139A, Thm2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168026
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611430
Entrez	199223

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 26 — 10 protein_coding, 8 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 6 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000425163, ENST00000430597, ENST00000431162, ENST00000431559, ENST00000440121, ENST00000459702, ENST00000460460, ENST00000465962, ENST00000466875, ENST00000471025, ENST00000472866, ENST00000473587, ENST00000479954, ENST00000481734, ENST00000490036, ENST00000490245, ENST00000493337, ENST00000493856, ENST00000683103, ENST00000881741, ENST00000881742, ENST00000881743, ENST00000881744, ENST00000916782, ENST00000956777, ENST00000956778

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001366900 NM_001105513, NM_001366899, NM_001366900, NM_145755

CCDS: CCDS43068, CCDS46800, CCDS93247

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000683103 — 29 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001119495	39125332	39125532
ENSE00001119497	39120997	39121189
ENSE00001119513	39125063	39125160
ENSE00001311384	39119922	39120020
ENSE00001615254	39130701	39130839
ENSE00001643383	39128717	39128932
ENSE00001647240	39130992	39131095
ENSE00001725173	39130248	39130358
ENSE00001741806	39128331	39128488
ENSE00001749916	39126261	39126390
ENSE00001790734	39129072	39129310
ENSE00002124623	39138711	39138900
ENSE00003467762	39110851	39111017
ENSE00003482110	39109085	39109214
ENSE00003485220	39138556	39138623
ENSE00003495550	39138267	39138387
ENSE00003505015	39118069	39118153
ENSE00003558085	39134218	39134328
ENSE00003562127	39114585	39114742
ENSE00003562775	39110029	39110139
ENSE00003569876	39112458	39112580
ENSE00003613351	39133052	39133240
ENSE00003654996	39137195	39137387
ENSE00003657292	39130079	39130151
ENSE00003665177	39136357	39136507
ENSE00003666870	39136899	39137060
ENSE00003672313	39135093	39135174
ENSE00003678584	39137486	39137710
ENSE00003919730	39107680	39107864

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 173 present calls, max score 98.84.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 3.7259 / max 368.5364, expressed in 1261 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
36112	3.6186	1251
36115	0.0491	12
36113	0.0395	6
36114	0.0188	3

Top tissues by expression

246 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	98.84	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	97.95	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	97.90	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	95.66	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	95.53	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	94.07	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	91.83	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	91.14	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	91.03	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	88.79	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.02	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	86.75	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	86.74	silver quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	85.93	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	85.65	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	85.65	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	85.61	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	85.60	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	85.59	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	85.18	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	85.13	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	85.08	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	84.96	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	84.81	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	84.48	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	84.43	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	84.01	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	83.79	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	83.70	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	83.55	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.51

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1I2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

10 targeting TTC21A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-6815-3P	99.13	68.98	1530
HSA-MIR-181A-2-3P	98.91	67.60	1168
HSA-MIR-222-5P	98.75	69.17	1242
HSA-MIR-7114-3P	98.42	66.53	569
HSA-MIR-4750-3P	96.65	64.38	512
HSA-MIR-592	96.59	67.59	817

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• bi-allelic mutations in TTC21A can induce asthenoteratospermia with defects of the sperm flagella and head-tail conjunction (PMID:30929735)
• Increased TTC21A expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues is significantly correlated with pathological stage, tumor status and lymph nodes. Up-regulated TTC21A expression, negative results of pathological stage and distant metastasis are independent prognostic factors for good prognosis. (PMID:31812070)
• Novel mutation in TTC21A triggers partial nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and causes male infertility with MMAF. (PMID:35920310)
• Identification of TTC21A as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In Silico Analysis. (PMID:38151293)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ttc21a	ENSDARG00000116146
mus_musculus	Ttc21a	ENSMUSG00000032514
rattus_norvegicus	Ttc21a	ENSRNOG00000034089
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00022696

Paralogs (1): TTC21B (ENSG00000123607)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 21A — Q8NDW8 (reviewed: Q8NDW8)

Alternative names: Stress-inducible protein 2

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A0B4J1Y2, Q8NDW8, A0A0C4DH51, A0A804HK20

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Intraflagellar transport (IFT)-associated protein required for spermatogenesis. Required for sperm flagellar formation and intraflagellar transport.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with IFT20. Interacts with IFT52. Interacts with IFT140. Interacts with CEP78; regulating IFT20 stability and localization.

Tissue specificity. Strongly expressed in testis.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 37 (SPGF37) [MIM:618429] An autosomal recessive infertility disorder characterized by asthenoteratozoospermia. Spermatozoa exhibit multiple morphologic abnormalities, primarily consisting of short or absent flagella, and neck defects at the head-tail junction. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the TTC21 family.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8NDW8-1	1	yes
Q8NDW8-3	3
Q8NDW8-5	5
Q8NDW8-6	6
Q8NDW8-7	7

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001098983, NP_001353828, NP_001353829, NP_665698 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR011990	TPR-like_helical_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR019734	TPR_rpt	Repeat
IPR040364	TTC21A/TTC21B	Family
IPR056832	ARM_TT21_2nd	Domain
IPR056833	ARM_TT21_N	Domain
IPR056834	ARM_TT21_C	Domain
IPR056835	ARM_TT21_5th	Domain
IPR056836	ARM_TT21_4th	Domain

Pfam: PF25058, PF25060, PF25062, PF25063, PF25064, PF25068

UniProt features (45 total): repeat 19, sequence variant 12, sequence conflict 8, splice variant 5, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8NDW8-F1	81.32	0.03

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 94 (showing top): GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_CILIUM, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_CILIUM_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CILIUM_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CILIUM_OR_FLAGELLUM_DEPENDENT_CELL_MOTILITY, chr3p22, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, LEIN_CHOROID_PLEXUS_MARKERS, GOCC_INTRACILIARY_TRANSPORT_PARTICLE, GOCC_CILIUM, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN

GO Biological Process (6): spermatid development (GO:0007286), flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317), intraciliary retrograde transport (GO:0035721), protein localization to cilium (GO:0061512), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): cilium (GO:0005929), intraciliary transport particle A (GO:0030991)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
intraciliary transport particle	2
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
cilium-dependent cell motility	1
cilium movement involved in cell motility	1
sperm motility	1
intraciliary transport	1
protein localization to organelle	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
male gamete generation	1
cellular developmental process	1
binding	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1078 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TTC21A	CFAP43	Q8NDM7	720
TTC21A	TTC29	Q8NA56	706
TTC21A	FSIP2	Q5CZC0	687
TTC21A	ARMC2	Q8NEN0	684
TTC21A	SPEF2	Q9C093	679
TTC21A	QRICH2	Q9H0J4	670
TTC21A	DNAH1	Q9P2D7	669
TTC21A	CFAP44	Q96MT7	649
TTC21A	STIP1	P31948	646
TTC21A	CFAP69	A5D8W1	646
TTC21A	CFAP70	Q5T0N1	635
TTC21A	CFAP251	Q8TBY9	634
TTC21A	CFAP58	Q5T655	613
TTC21A	CEP135	Q66GS9	587
TTC21A	DNAH6	Q9C0G6	567

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DNAAF19	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.530
STEAP3	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.530
BBS7	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.510
PDCD11	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TTC21A	IFT140	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TTC21A	IFT20	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TTC21A	IFT52	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
STEAP3	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
DNAAF19	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
BBS7	TTC21A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (18): TTC21A (Two-hybrid), TTC21A (Two-hybrid), TTC21A (Two-hybrid), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-MS), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-MS), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-MS), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-RNA), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-MS), TTC21A (Reconstituted Complex), TTC21A (Two-hybrid), TTC21A (Two-hybrid), TTC21A (Affinity Capture-RNA), TTC21A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), TTC21A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SRRT (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A644F649, A0AVF1, A1Z8E9, A4III8, A8BS40, A8JA42, A8XBR9, B5X0I6, O17581, O42668, O74458, O76094, O94459, O94474, P11442, P19735, P25870, P29742, P33731, P34574, P41889, P49951, P49965, P53675, P89105, Q00610, Q03560, Q13099, Q16JL4, Q20255, Q29L58, Q4R7Z9, Q57ZL2, Q5CZ52, Q5PR66, Q5U2N8, Q61LA1, Q68FD5, Q6GKV1, Q6INC1

Diamond homologs: Q0HA38, Q6INC1, Q7Z4L5, Q8C0S4, Q8NDW8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

272 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	6
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	197
Likely benign	22
Benign	21

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3239652	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.3450+2del	Pathogenic
627571	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.716+1G>A	Pathogenic
627572	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.2308C>T (p.Gln770Ter)	Pathogenic
627573	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.341A>G (p.Tyr114Cys)	Pathogenic
627574	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.2542del (p.Ala847_Val848insTer)	Pathogenic
627575	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.3095+5G>T	Pathogenic
2636901	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.3025_3043del (p.Leu1009fs)	Likely pathogenic
3780759	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.1192-1G>T	Likely pathogenic
4849360	NM_001366900.1(TTC21A):c.2459-2A>T	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

5271 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:39109211:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39109214:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39109215:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39109216:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39110023:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:39110024:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:39110026:CAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110027:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110027:AGA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110028:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110028:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110028:GAG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110028:GAGCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110834:C:CA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110840:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110841:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110846:TACAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:39110849:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110850:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39110850:GACC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:39111013:GAGAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39111014:AGAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39111015:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39111016:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39111017:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39111019:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:39112540:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39112548:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39112557:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
3:39118154:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

8683 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:39128750:G:C	A579P	0.990
3:39129078:G:C	A642P	0.990
3:39128786:G:C	A591P	0.988
3:39128901:T:C	L629P	0.988
3:39138294:G:C	G1242R	0.987
3:39137636:G:C	A1208P	0.985
3:39138568:C:A	A1277D	0.984
3:39128799:T:C	L595P	0.982
3:39129255:G:C	A701P	0.981
3:39138295:G:A	G1242D	0.981
3:39126369:G:C	A509P	0.980
3:39130131:G:C	A737P	0.979
3:39128751:C:A	A579D	0.978
3:39138565:T:C	L1276P	0.978
3:39136946:G:C	R1055P	0.977
3:39138603:G:C	A1289P	0.975
3:39138617:C:G	C1293W	0.975
3:39138352:C:A	A1261D	0.974
3:39128913:T:C	L633P	0.973
3:39137552:G:C	A1180P	0.973
3:39137556:G:C	R1181P	0.973
3:39130126:G:A	G735D	0.972
3:39137239:C:A	A1108D	0.972
3:39137569:G:C	K1185N	0.972
3:39137569:G:T	K1185N	0.972
3:39137621:A:C	S1203R	0.972
3:39137623:C:A	S1203R	0.972
3:39137623:C:G	S1203R	0.972
3:39138330:G:C	A1254P	0.972
3:39138567:G:C	A1277P	0.972

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000004192 (3:39116649 T>A), RS1000035498 (3:39116430 T>C), RS1000081207 (3:39137988 G>C), RS1000125824 (3:39116586 C>T), RS1000172032 (3:39110173 A>G), RS1000355840 (3:39113724 A>G), RS1000507722 (3:39120111 C>G), RS1000544897 (3:39111269 AT>A,ATT), RS1000623691 (3:39120445 G>C), RS1000641961 (3:39118255 G>C), RS1000789862 (3:39126599 C>T), RS1000914642 (3:39111690 A>G,T), RS1000942962 (3:39133155 C>T), RS1001076440 (3:39126377 C>G,T), RS1001283147 (3:39123476 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611430 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618429

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 37	Strong	Autosomal recessive
non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (3): oligospermia (MONDO:0001913), spermatogenic failure 37 (MONDO:0032744), (MONDO:0017173)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002367_11	Social communication problems	9.000000e-09
GCST002701_3	Verbal declarative memory	2.000000e-06
GCST002701_39	Verbal declarative memory	3.000000e-06
GCST003075_110	Cognitive decline rate in late mild cognitive impairment	3.000000e-07
GCST003075_6	Cognitive decline rate in late mild cognitive impairment	5.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005427	social communication impairment
EFO:0004874	memory performance
EFO:0006806	paragraph delayed recall measurement
EFO:0007710	cognitive decline measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D009845	Oligospermia	C12.100.500.430.508; C12.100.750.700.508; C12.200.294.430.508

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

22 total (human), top 22 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Benztropine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Cuprizone	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Zidovudine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

26 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02307994	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clinical Research on Effectiveness and Safety of Treatment of Severe Oligospermia or Azoospermia With uFSH
NCT05320536	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Study of Gulingji Capsule in the Treatment of Idiopathic Oligospermia, Asthenia, and Teratozoospermia
NCT06260007	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety Study of Products Based on Tribulus Terrestris, L. in Men With Oligospermia
NCT00440180	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01409837	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Effect and Safety of Lisinopril in Non-hypertensive Men With Infertility From Low Sperm Count
NCT02234206	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Chandrakanthi Choornam in Patients With Low Sperm Count
NCT07481370	PHASE2	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Isotretinoin vs hCG for Male Infertility Due to Low or Absent Sperm
NCT05158114	PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Safety of Cultured Allogeneic Adult Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Testicular Injury and Oligospermia
NCT02063256	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	7 NUTS Study. Diet Modification and Male Fertility.
NCT06869863	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Study of Tolerability, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Preliminary Efficacy of the Medicinal Product MediReg®
NCT00479960	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	A Preliminary Study on Effect of Omega-3 on Human Sperm
NCT06342856	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Treatment With Coenzyme Q10 and L-Carnitine on Semen Parameters in Infertile Men With Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratospermia
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT01239186	Not specified	COMPLETED	Identification and Characterization of the Methylation Abnormalities on Whole Genome Among Infertile Men
NCT01509482	Not specified	COMPLETED	Insulin Resistance in Idiopathic Oligospermia and Azoospermia
NCT01520584	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Supplement Intake in Infertile Men;the Effect on Sperm Parameters,Fertilization Rate and Embryo Quality
NCT01828710	Not specified	COMPLETED	Myo-inositol on Human Semen Parameters
NCT01856361	Not specified	TERMINATED	Ramipril for the Treatment of Oligospermia
NCT02155179	Not specified	COMPLETED	Sperm Pathology Samples and Morphokinetics
NCT03898752	Not specified	COMPLETED	Is Oxidative Stress in Semen Reduced by Lifestyle Intervention
NCT04349345	Not specified	COMPLETED	Seminal Fluid’s Changes Over 20 Years
NCT04795440	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparison of ICSI Outcomes in Cycles Using Testicular and Ejaculate Sperm From Couples With High SDF
NCT05506722	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Using of Testes Shocker in Improving the Spermatogenesis and Sperms Activity
NCT05842239	Not specified	RECRUITING	Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Men Suffering From Infertility Due to Oligospermia.
NCT06202469	Not specified	COMPLETED	Creatine and Ubiquinol for Sperm Quality
NCT07357701	Not specified	RECRUITING	Identifying Genome Variants in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)