TUBA3E

Summary

TUBA3E (tubulin alpha 3e, HGNC:20765) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q21.1, encoding Tubulin alpha-3E chain (Q6PEY2). Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers.

Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. This gene encodes an alpha tubulin that highly conserved among species. A missense mutation in this gene has been potentially linked to microlissencephaly and global developmental delay.

Source: NCBI Gene 112714 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (Limited, GenCC)
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 8 total — 2 likely-pathogenic
• Druggable target: yes — 21 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_207312

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20765
Approved symbol	TUBA3E
Name	tubulin alpha 3e
Location	2q21.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000152086
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619918
Entrez	112714

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000312988

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_207312 NM_207312

CCDS: CCDS2158

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000312988 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001401730	130198358	130198439
ENSE00002434420	130195079	130195227
ENSE00002481616	130193786	130194466
ENSE00002519674	130191745	130192127
ENSE00002531268	130196149	130196371

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 74 present calls, max score 89.75.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0332 / max 36.5379, expressed in 3 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
30618	0.0332	3

Top tissues by expression

106 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	89.75	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	88.32	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	88.13	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	87.83	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	86.68	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	83.60	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	83.31	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	75.79	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	73.19	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	62.71	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	54.51	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	54.05	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	53.07	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	51.67	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	50.49	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	48.61	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	48.43	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	47.93	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	46.69	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	45.08	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	44.65	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	43.67	silver quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	42.12	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	41.28	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	41.22	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	40.70	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	40.52	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	40.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	40.23	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	40.22	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-134144	yes	29.86
E-ANND-3	yes	10.40

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	tuba7l	ENSDARG00000104643
rattus_norvegicus	Tuba3a	ENSRNOG00000031707
drosophila_melanogaster	alphaTub84B	FBGN0003884
drosophila_melanogaster	alphaTub84D	FBGN0003885

Paralogs (23): TUBG2 (ENSG00000037042), TUBE1 (ENSG00000074935), TUBA3D (ENSG00000075886), TUBB1 (ENSG00000101162), TUBB4A (ENSG00000104833), TUBD1 (ENSG00000108423), TUBA1B (ENSG00000123416), TUBA4A (ENSG00000127824), TUBG1 (ENSG00000131462), TUBB2A (ENSG00000137267), TUBB2B (ENSG00000137285), TUBA1A (ENSG00000167552), TUBA1C (ENSG00000167553), TUBB8B (ENSG00000173213), TUBB6 (ENSG00000176014), TUBAL3 (ENSG00000178462), TUBA8 (ENSG00000183785), TUBB4B (ENSG00000188229), TUBB (ENSG00000196230), TUBA3C (ENSG00000198033), TUBA4B (ENSG00000243910), TUBB3 (ENSG00000258947), TUBB8 (ENSG00000261456)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Tubulin alpha-3E chain — Q6PEY2 (reviewed: Q6PEY2)

Alternative names: Alpha-tubulin 3E

All UniProt accessions (1): Q6PEY2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Subunit / interactions. Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton.

Post-translational modifications. Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold. Glutamylation is also involved in cilia motility. Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into cilia and flagella axonemes, which is required for their stability and maintenance. Flagella glycylation controls sperm motility. Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with increased microtubule stability, intracellular transport and ciliary assembly. Methylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is found in mitotic microtubules and is required for normal mitosis and cytokinesis contributing to genomic stability. Nitration of Tyr-450 is irreversible and interferes with normal dynein intracellular distribution. Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP1/KIAA0895L, VASH1 or VASH2) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively. Tyrosination promotes microtubule interaction with CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins such as CLIP1, CLIP2 and DCTN1. Tyrosination regulates the initiation of dynein-dynactin motility via interaction with DCTN1, which brings the dynein-dynactin complex into contact with microtubules. In neurons, tyrosinated tubulins mediate the initiation of retrograde vesicle transport. Detyrosination is involved in metaphase plate congression by guiding chromosomes during mitosis: detyrosination promotes interaction with CENPE, promoting pole-proximal transport of chromosomes toward the equator. Detyrosination increases microtubules-dependent mechanotransduction in dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscle. In cardiomyocytes, detyrosinated microtubules are required to resist to contractile compression during contraction: detyrosination promotes association with desmin (DES) at force-generating sarcomeres, leading to buckled microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction.

Domain organisation. The MREC motif may be critical for tubulin autoregulation.

Similarity. Belongs to the tubulin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_997195* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000217	Tubulin	Family
IPR002452	Alpha_tubulin	Family
IPR003008	Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase	Domain
IPR008280	Tub_FtsZ_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR017975	Tubulin_CS	Conserved_site
IPR018316	Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom	Domain
IPR023123	Tubulin_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036525	Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037103	Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00091, PF03953

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:19669)

UniProt features (23 total): binding site 9, sequence variant 5, modified residue 4, chain 2, site 1, short sequence motif 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6PEY2-F1	91.38	0.79

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 450 (involved in polymerization); 254

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (9): 179; 206; 228; 11; 71; 71; 140; 144; 145

Post-translational modifications (4): 40, 282, 439, 450

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

82 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1445148	Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane
R-HSA-190840	Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane
R-HSA-190861	Gap junction assembly
R-HSA-2132295	MHC class II antigen presentation
R-HSA-2467813	Separation of Sister Chromatids
R-HSA-2500257	Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
R-HSA-3371497	HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand
R-HSA-380320	Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes
R-HSA-389960	Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC
R-HSA-389977	Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway
R-HSA-437239	Recycling pathway of L1
R-HSA-5620920	Cargo trafficking to the periciliary membrane
R-HSA-5626467	RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs
R-HSA-5663220	RHO GTPases Activate Formins
R-HSA-6807878	COPI-mediated anterograde transport
R-HSA-6811434	COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic
R-HSA-6811436	COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic
R-HSA-68877	Mitotic Prometaphase
R-HSA-8852276	The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint
R-HSA-8955332	Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin
R-HSA-9609690	HCMV Early Events
R-HSA-9609736	Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors
R-HSA-9619483	Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs
R-HSA-9646399	Aggrephagy
R-HSA-9648025	EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation
R-HSA-9668328	Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III
R-HSA-983189	Kinesins
R-HSA-9833482	PKR-mediated signaling
R-HSA-5617833	Cilium Assembly
R-HSA-109582	Hemostasis

MSigDB gene sets: 125 (showing top): E2F_Q4_01, BORCZUK_MALIGNANT_MESOTHELIOMA_UP, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, CMYB_01, MITSIADES_RESPONSE_TO_APLIDIN_DN, REACTOME_MEMBRANE_TRAFFICKING, GOBP_MITOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, REACTOME_GAP_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, KAAB_FAILED_HEART_VENTRICLE_DN, REACTOME_TRANSMISSION_ACROSS_CHEMICAL_SYNAPSES, E2F_Q6_01, MORF_PPP1CC, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_CYTOSKELETON, REACTOME_POST_CHAPERONIN_TUBULIN_FOLDING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (3): microtubule cytoskeleton organization (GO:0000226), mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000278), microtubule-based process (GO:0007017)

GO Molecular Function (6): structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200), GTP binding (GO:0005525), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), microtubule (GO:0005874), cilium (GO:0005929), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-17 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitotic Prometaphase	2
RHO GTPase Effectors	2
Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport	2
Membrane Trafficking	1
Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane	1
Gap junction trafficking	1
Adaptive Immune System	1
Mitotic Anaphase	1
Cellular responses to stress	1
Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding	1
Protein folding	1
L1CAM interactions	1
Assembly of the 9+0 primary cilium	1
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport	1
M Phase	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoskeleton organization	2
cytoskeleton	2
microtubule-based process	1
cell cycle	1
mitotic nuclear division	1
cellular process	1
structural molecule activity	1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
microtubule cytoskeleton	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3366 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TUBA3E	TUBB	P05218	886
TUBA3E	TUBB2A	Q13885	886
TUBA3E	TUBB6	Q9BUF5	811
TUBA3E	TUBB4A	P04350	809
TUBA3E	TUBB1	Q9H4B7	807
TUBA3E	TUBB8	Q3ZCM7	807
TUBA3E	TUBB2B	Q9BVA1	806
TUBA3E	TUBB4B	P05217	806
TUBA3E	TUBB3	Q13509	804
TUBA3E	ROBO3	Q96MS0	769
TUBA3E	HTATIP2	Q9BUP3	761
TUBA3E	HDAC6	Q9UBN7	505
TUBA3E	TUB	P50607	457
TUBA3E	PRKN	O60260	455
TUBA3E	EEF1A1	P04719	451

IntAct

33 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TUBA3E	NMI	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
NMI	TUBA3E	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
FHL3	TUBA3E	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TUBA3E	TCP11L2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TUBA3E	PFDN6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	FER1L5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	GNAT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TUBA3E		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
KATNAL1	CDK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KATNA1	AURKA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KATNAL2	CDK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KATNB1	TUBA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NEK4	E2F8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TUBA3E	CCT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PAK1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VAV1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OSGIN1	TUBA3E	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
K3	ATP6AP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SNW1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TUBA3E	rep	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
TUBA3E	FHL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TUBA3E	NMI	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (64): TUBA3E (Two-hybrid), CCT7 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TCP11L2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Co-fractionation), TUBA3E (Co-fractionation), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS), TCP11L2 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3E (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A5A6J1, P02550, P02552, P05213, P05214, P06603, P06604, P06605, P08537, P09644, P0DPH7, P0DPH8, P18258, P18288, P30436, P34690, P36220, P41383, P52273, P68360, P68361, P68362, P68363, P68365, P68366, P68367, P68368, P68369, P68370, P68373, P81947, P81948, Q06331, Q28IX8, Q2HJ86, Q2XVP4, Q32KN8, Q3ZCJ7, Q4R538, Q52PV9

Diamond homologs: A5A6J1, B9DGT7, B9DHQ0, O22347, P02550, P02552, P04106, P05213, P05214, P06603, P06604, P06605, P08537, P09204, P09205, P09243, P09644, P0DPH7, P0DPH8, P10872, P10873, P11237, P11480, P11481, P14640, P14641, P14642, P18258, P18288, P28268, P28287, P29511, P30436, P33623, P33625, P33629, P34690, P36220, P41351, P41383

SIGNOR signaling

5 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
NUMA1	up-regulates	TUBA3E	binding
TTL	down-regulates	TUBA3E	tyrosination
“Elongator complex”	“up-regulates activity”	TUBA3E	acetylation
TUBA3E	up-regulates	Neuron_migration
ATAT1	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	TUBA3E	acetylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 24 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
cell division	5	11.0×	6e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

8 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	1
Likely benign	1
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
562617	GRCh37/hg19 2q21.1(chr2:130874475-131765997)x1	Likely pathogenic
929341	GRCh37/hg19 2q14.3-21.2(chr2:122952356-133826358)x1	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

861 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:130195060:TGAA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195075:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130195076:TACCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130195077:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195077:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130195077:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195078:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130195078:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195078:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195078:CCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195078:CCAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195078:CCAGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130195223:TTCAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195224:TCAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195225:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195225:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195226:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195228:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195229:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:130195231:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130195232:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130196143:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130196145:CTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130196146:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130196147:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130196147:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:130196148:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130196148:CCGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:130196368:CGCG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:130196370:CG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2958 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:130192064:C:G	A374P	1.000
2:130192096:A:T	V363D	1.000
2:130192116:G:C	N356K	1.000
2:130192116:G:T	N356K	1.000
2:130193880:C:A	G321V	1.000
2:130193880:C:T	G321E	1.000
2:130193881:C:A	G321W	1.000
2:130193881:C:G	G321R	1.000
2:130193881:C:T	G321R	1.000
2:130193882:C:A	R320S	1.000
2:130193882:C:G	R320S	1.000
2:130193883:C:A	R320M	1.000
2:130193883:C:G	R320T	1.000
2:130196300:G:C	C25W	1.000
2:130196307:A:G	L23P	1.000
2:130192063:G:T	A374D	0.999
2:130192078:G:T	A369D	0.999
2:130192105:G:C	P360R	0.999
2:130192105:G:T	P360H	0.999
2:130192120:A:T	I355N	0.999
2:130193874:A:T	V323E	0.999
2:130193887:A:C	Y319D	0.999
2:130194021:G:T	P274Q	0.999
2:130194110:A:C	F244L	0.999
2:130194110:A:T	F244L	0.999
2:130194112:A:G	F244L	0.999
2:130194123:G:T	A240D	0.999
2:130194135:G:A	S236F	0.999
2:130195197:A:G	L86P	0.999
2:130196286:A:T	I30N	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000227143 (2:130193270 A>T), RS1000510490 (2:130194562 G>C), RS1003011961 (2:130196529 C>A,T), RS1003292081 (2:130200029 G>A), RS1003846571 (2:130196622 T>G), RS1004393243 (2:130191621 TAC>T), RS1004409392 (2:130191397 A>G), RS1005519264 (2:130200310 G>A), RS1007243911 (2:130194519 C>A,T), RS1008864865 (2:130195294 G>A,C), RS1010865143 (2:130191674 G>A), RS1011175829 (2:130198609 G>A,T), RS1012994670 (2:130200294 G>C), RS1013716947 (2:130193330 T>C,G), RS1013770858 (2:130193672 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619918 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): breast ductal adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0005590), complex neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0100038)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D018270	Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast	C04.557.470.200.025.232.500; C04.557.470.615.132.500; C04.588.180.390; C17.800.090.500.390

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (3): CHEMBL2095182 (PROTEIN COMPLEX GROUP), CHEMBL3832941 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL6067579 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

21 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 1,641,397 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL107	COLCHICINE	4	93,932
CHEMBL159	VINBLASTINE	4	412,636
CHEMBL33	LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS	4	43,403
CHEMBL3545252	DOCETAXEL	4	1,009
CHEMBL364713	NOSCAPINE	4	14,987
CHEMBL378544	VINBLASTINE SULFATE	4	32,829
CHEMBL428647	PACLITAXEL	4	332,542
CHEMBL5315124	LEVOFLOXACIN	4	189
CHEMBL553025	VINORELBINE	4	142,159
CHEMBL571546	TIRBANIBULIN	4	1,192
CHEMBL61	PODOFILOX	4	37,640
CHEMBL90555	VINCRISTINE	4	268,031
CHEMBL92	DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS	4	196,686
CHEMBL94657	PATUPILONE	3	14,934
CHEMBL20684	ABT-751	2	2,238
CHEMBL292702	MAYTANSINE	2	9,300
CHEMBL39541	DOLASTATIN-10	2	1,380
CHEMBL49642	INDIBULIN	2	963
CHEMBL528271	PARBENDAZOLE	2	6,102
CHEMBL9514	NOCODAZOLE	2	29,245
CHEMBL246600	COMBRETASTATIN	1

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

1159 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1310 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
10.26	IC50	0.0551	nM	CHEMBL5194719
9.75	IC50	0.176	nM	CHEMBL5203711
9.51	IC50	0.308	nM	VINORELBINE
9.30	IC50	0.5	nM	DOLASTATIN-10
8.92	IC50	1.2	nM	CHEMBL5169466
8.85	IC50	1.4	nM	CHEMBL4575066
8.74	IC50	1.8	nM	PATUPILONE
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL2024544
8.52	Ki	3	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
8.52	IC50	3	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
8.52	IC50	3	nM	DOLASTATIN-10
8.52	Kd	3	nM	CHEMBL5410715
8.52	IC50	3	nM	COLCHICINE
8.46	IC50	3.5	nM	PATUPILONE
8.38	IC50	4.2	nM	CHEMBL5197739
8.27	IC50	5.4	nM	CHEMBL5280519
8.22	IC50	6	nM	CHEMBL498271
8.05	EC50	9	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
8.01	EC50	9.8	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
8.01	IC50	9.77	nM	CHEMBL4778826
8.00	Ki	10	nM	CHEMBL381852
8.00	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL204241
7.96	Kd	11	nM	CHEMBL5611905
7.89	IC50	12.9	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
7.85	Kd	14	nM	MAYTANSINE
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL2369093
7.70	Ki	20	nM	CHEMBL369927
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL5183440
7.70	Kd	20	nM	CHEMBL5613121
7.64	IC50	23	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
7.62	EC50	24	nM	CHEMBL4250191
7.58	IC50	26	nM	PIRONETIN
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL381122
7.52	IC50	30	nM	COMBRETASTATIN A4
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL203062
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL204710
7.51	EC50	31	nM	PACLITAXEL
7.40	EC50	40	nM	CHEMBL1688184
7.35	EC50	45	nM	CHEMBL4239716
7.34	IC50	46	nM	CHEMBL374257
7.33	Kd	47	nM	CHEMBL5542101
7.30	Ki	50	nM	CHEMBL196966
7.30	EC50	50	nM	CHEMBL1688183
7.30	EC50	50	nM	CHEMBL1688189
7.29	Kd	51	nM	CHEMBL5614306
7.28	EC50	53	nM	CHEMBL4241638
7.24	Kd	58	nM	COLCHICINE
7.22	Ki	60	nM	CHEMBL198522
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL2369084
7.16	IC50	70	nM	VINBLASTINE

PubChem BioAssay actives

1088 with measured affinity, of 5775 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(Z)-1-[4-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	1882651: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin) measured every 3 secs for 1 hr by spectroflourimetric analysis	ic50	0.0001	uM
(Z)-1-[4-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one	1882651: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin) measured every 3 secs for 1 hr by spectroflourimetric analysis	ic50	0.0002	uM
Vinorelbine	1993632: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0003	uM
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-N-[(3R,4S,5S)-3-methoxy-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[[(1S)-2-phenyl-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]amino]propyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-N,3-dimethylbutanamide	270819: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization	ic50	0.0005	uM
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-N-[(3R,4S,5S)-3-methoxy-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-(2-pyridin-2-ylethylamino)propyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-N,3-dimethylbutanamide	1896115: Binding affinity to tubulin (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0012	uM
(3Z,6Z)-3-[(5-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylidene]-6-phenacylidenepiperazine-2,5-dione	1587857: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0014	uM
(3Z,6Z)-3-[(5-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylidene]-6-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methylidene]piperazine-2,5-dione	1587857: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0026	uM
3-hydroxy-2-[N-[2-(methoxymethyl)-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-5-phenylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	2034736: Displacement of fluorescent probe (R)-(+)-ethyl 5-amino2-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3-phenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate from tubulin colchicine binding site (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant	kd	0.0030	uM
2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenol	1862628: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human HeLa cells assessed as microtubule network polymerization after 30 mins by immunofluorescence analysis	ic50	0.0030	uM
Colchicine	2074087: Inhibition of microtubule polymerization in human K562 cells measured for 60 mins by fluorescence based analysis	ic50	0.0030	uM
(1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-3-[(E)-1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione	1408257: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human MCF7 cells assessed as induction of mitotic arrest	ic50	0.0035	uM
tert-butyl (3R,4S,5S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-methylamino]-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoate	1896110: Inhibition of tubulin (unknown origin) polymerization assessed as reduction in microtubule formation measured for 20 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	ic50	0.0042	uM
3-methoxy-6-[4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]benzene-1,2-diol	1929685: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human SH-SY5Y cells incubated for 24 hrs by SDS-PAGE based analysis	ic50	0.0054	uM
2-methoxy-5-[1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenol	1862628: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human HeLa cells assessed as microtubule network polymerization after 30 mins by immunofluorescence analysis	ic50	0.0060	uM
(E)-1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyltriazol-4-yl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	1689700: Inhibition of Tubulin in human RPMI-8226 cells incubated for 2 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0098	uM
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine	256882: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin	ki	0.0100	uM
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine	261214: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin at 65 nM	ic50	0.0100	uM
[(1S,2R,3S,5R,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] acetate	2126113: Displacement of fluorescent Maytansine probe from tubulin (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by competitive binding based fluorescence anisotropy	kd	0.0110	uM
[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] (2S)-2-[acetyl(methyl)amino]propanoate	2126113: Displacement of fluorescent Maytansine probe from tubulin (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by competitive binding based fluorescence anisotropy	kd	0.0140	uM
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine	256882: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin	ki	0.0200	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-(1-diethoxyphosphorylhexylcarbamoyl)-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.0200	uM
(E)-3-[5-[(2-cyanoquinolin-4-yl)-methylamino]-2-methoxyphenyl]-N-hydroxyprop-2-enamide	1862628: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human HeLa cells assessed as microtubule network polymerization after 30 mins by immunofluorescence analysis	ic50	0.0200	uM
[(1S,2R,3S,5R,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] hept-6-ynoate	2126113: Displacement of fluorescent Maytansine probe from tubulin (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by competitive binding based fluorescence anisotropy	kd	0.0200	uM
N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,5-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	1635267: Induction of microtubule depolymerization in human A10 cells incubated for 18 hrs by indirect immunofluorescence analysis	ec50	0.0240	uM
(2R,3R)-3-ethyl-2-[(E,2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylnon-7-enyl]-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	1572465: Inhibition of tubulin alpha in human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth	ic50	0.0260	uM
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-[2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine	261214: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin at 65 nM	ic50	0.0300	uM
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine	261214: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin at 65 nM	ic50	0.0300	uM
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine	261214: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin at 65 nM	ic50	0.0300	uM
Paclitaxel	260235: Effect on induction of mitotic arrest by phosphohistone H3 (pH3) assay	ec50	0.0310	uM
6-(3-chloro-6,11,11-trioxobenzo[b][1,4]benzothiazepin-5-yl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide	580932: Inhibition of HDAC activity in human NB4 cells assessed as acetylated tubulin after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	ec50	0.0400	uM
N,5-dimethyl-N-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	1635267: Induction of microtubule depolymerization in human A10 cells incubated for 18 hrs by indirect immunofluorescence analysis	ec50	0.0450	uM
[7-(3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl)-6-methoxy-2H-indazol-3-yl]-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone	280080: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin in MCF7 cells	ic50	0.0460	uM
(3S,10R,13E,16S)-10-[(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-16-[(1S)-1-[(2R,3S)-3-phenyloxiran-2-yl]ethyl]-1,4-dioxa-8,11-diazacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,5,9,12-tetrone	2061859: Binding affinity to tubulin (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by SPR analysis	kd	0.0470	uM
N-hydroxy-6-(3-methoxy-6,11,11-trioxobenzo[b][1,4]benzothiazepin-5-yl)hexanamide	580932: Inhibition of HDAC activity in human NB4 cells assessed as acetylated tubulin after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	ec50	0.0500	uM
N-hydroxy-6-(6,11,11-trioxobenzo[b][1,4]benzothiazepin-5-yl)hexanamide	580932: Inhibition of HDAC activity in human NB4 cells assessed as acetylated tubulin after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	ec50	0.0500	uM
5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine	256882: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin	ki	0.0500	uM
[(1S,2R,3S,5R,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] benzoate	2126113: Displacement of fluorescent Maytansine probe from tubulin (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by competitive binding based fluorescence anisotropy	kd	0.0510	uM
N-ethyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	1635267: Induction of microtubule depolymerization in human A10 cells incubated for 18 hrs by indirect immunofluorescence analysis	ec50	0.0530	uM
3-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylamino)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-amine	256882: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin	ki	0.0600	uM
Vinblastine	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.0700	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-[(1-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-phenylethyl)carbamoyl]-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.0700	uM
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-[3-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine	261214: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin at 65 nM	ic50	0.0750	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-[[(1S)-1-diethoxyphosphorylethyl]carbamoyl]-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.0800	uM
4-methoxy-2-[(Z)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]thiophene	1267532: Inhibition of Tubulin polymerization in human HeLa cells assessed as decrease in dynamic tyrosinated microtubules after 2 hrs by microplate reader analysis	ec50	0.0810	uM
N-[2-[[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]phenyl]furan-2-carboxamide	1882654: Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0876	uM
N-hydroxy-6-(3-methoxy-6-oxobenzo[b][1,4]benzoxazepin-5-yl)hexanamide	580932: Inhibition of HDAC activity in human NB4 cells assessed as acetylated tubulin after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	ec50	0.0900	uM
N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3-(3-methoxyanilino)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-amine	256882: Displacement of [3H]colchicine from tubulin	ki	0.1000	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-[[(1R)-1-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.1000	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-(1-diethoxyphosphorylethylcarbamoyl)-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.1000	uM
methyl (13S,15S,17S)-13-[(1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-10-[[(1S)-1-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraene-13-carboxylate	214333: The compound tested for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.	ic50	0.1000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

16 total (human), top 16 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	affects binding, increases expression	2
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
decabromobiphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression	1
tetrabromobisphenol A	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
bromovanin	increases expression	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Manganese	increases abundance, increases expression	1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine	decreases expression	1
Tunicamycin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	affects expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1686 unique, capped per target: 1645 binding, 35 functional, 6 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1009021	Binding	Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human MCF7 cells at 1 uM after 2 hrs by SDS-PAGE	A new cytotoxic epothilone from modified polyketide synthases heterologously expressed in Myxococcus xanthus. — J Nat Prod
CHEMBL4146506	ADMET	Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in human HaCaT cells assessed as chromatin condensation at 1 uM after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel combretastatin A-4 thio derivatives as microtubule targeting agents. — Eur J Med Chem
CHEMBL5056161	Functional	Inhibition of tubulin polymerization (unknown origin) assessed as fluorescence intensity measured for 90 mins by DAPI based microplate reader	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] pyridine derivatives as novel microtubule polymerization inhibitors. — Eur J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

13 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03414970	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy in Preventing Recurrence in Patients With Stage IIa-IIIa Breast Cancer
NCT00461344	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Docetaxel + Doxorubicin as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT07499999	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Trial of Baby Exemestane Versus Baby Tamoxifen in Post-Menopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
NCT06310681	Not specified	COMPLETED	Pilot Testing of a Co-adapted Group Programme for Parents/Carers of Children With Complex Neurodisability
NCT07303049	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cognitive Benefit of Intensive Rehabilitation Using Rhythmic Music Training in Children With Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder
NCT00637364	PHASE1/PHASE2	SUSPENDED	High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Tumor Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer Pain
NCT02779855	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Talimogene Laherparepvec in Combination With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
NCT01753908	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Broccoli Sprout Extract in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT01796041	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Intraoperative Imaging of Breast Cancer With Indocyanine Green
NCT01208974	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) Irradiation After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Reconstruction
NCT01875198	Not specified	TERMINATED	Oncologic Impact of Splenectomy-omitting Radical Pancreatectomy in Well-selected Left-sided Pancreatic Cancer
NCT03543397	Not specified	UNKNOWN	MRI in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
NCT03834532	Not specified	COMPLETED	Living Well After Breast Surgery