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TUBG2

gene
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Summary

TUBG2 (tubulin gamma 2, HGNC:12419) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q21.2, encoding Tubulin gamma-2 chain (Q9NRH3). Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, protein filaments consisting of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers.

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and microtubule nucleator activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and mitotic sister chromatid segregation. Located in microtubule.

Source: NCBI Gene 27175 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 46 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_016437

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:12419
Approved symbolTUBG2
Nametubulin gamma 2
Location17q21.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000037042
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM605785
Entrez27175

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 14 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000251412, ENST00000588870, ENST00000590396, ENST00000854884, ENST00000854885, ENST00000854886, ENST00000854887, ENST00000854888, ENST00000854889, ENST00000854890, ENST00000916762, ENST00000916763, ENST00000968232, ENST00000968233, ENST00000968234, ENST00000968235

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_016437 NM_001320509, NM_016437

CCDS: CCDS32658

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000251412 — 11 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000008989894265928442659552
ENSE000011790124266660342667006
ENSE000023859594265983442659946
ENSE000024089134266297342663052
ENSE000035158864266337742663503
ENSE000035256644266567842665827
ENSE000035730024266014942660316
ENSE000036049604266547642665562
ENSE000036725664266632342666484
ENSE000036863524266608742666239
ENSE000036921684266063942660707

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 247 present calls, max score 98.02.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 20.5262 / max 294.0670, expressed in 1699 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
16097312.30161676
1609747.42901482
1609750.4910254
1609720.3047133

Top tissues by expression

278 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281098.02gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489097.49gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983597.46gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302797.36gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224597.23gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212997.17gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045197.15gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115096.53gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187696.27gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354096.22gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646996.12gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188296.05gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983496.03gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203795.81gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187395.80gold quality
oocyteCL:000002395.68gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219695.47gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119995.10gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132395.10gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187495.02gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582794.96gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187094.81gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123394.79gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195094.75gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224094.72gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162594.60gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116194.43gold quality
ectocervixUBERON:001224994.14gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000793.96gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985393.96gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MYC

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

19 targeting TUBG2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3912-5P99.9566.11925
HSA-MIR-449299.8768.253611
HSA-MIR-320299.6667.702737
HSA-MIR-451699.6167.783390
HSA-MIR-76299.5866.611994
HSA-MIR-888-3P99.5369.771057
HSA-MIR-449899.4767.422360
HSA-MIR-443499.1067.011984
HSA-MIR-570399.1067.092053
HSA-MIR-7854-3P99.0866.261117
HSA-MIR-3160-3P99.0764.78955
HSA-MIR-5001-5P99.0566.761972
HSA-MIR-6770-5P98.9766.761853
HSA-MIR-315498.9466.551455
HSA-MIR-6862-5P97.4864.84713
HSA-MIR-409-5P97.3168.07364
HSA-MIR-290996.3667.30562
HSA-MIR-323B-5P96.1266.39472
HSA-MIR-3622B-5P94.6264.58835

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • gamma-tubulin 2 is able to nucleate microtubules and substitute for gamma-tubulin 1 (PMID:22235350)
  • Our results reveal for the first time an increased expression of TUBG1 and TUBG2 in lung cancer (PMID:22806905)
  • expression of gamma-tubulin2 along with gamma-tubulin1 and a novel TUBG2 splice variant are identified. (PMID:27015882)
  • that in the face of predominant gamma-tubulin-1 expression, the accumulation of gamma-tubulin-2 in mature neurons and neuroblastoma cells during oxidative stress may denote a prosurvival role of gamma-tubulin-2 in neurons (PMID:28119396)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusTubg2ENSMUSG00000045007
rattus_norvegicusTubg1ENSRNOG00000006494

Paralogs (23): TUBE1 (ENSG00000074935), TUBA3D (ENSG00000075886), TUBB1 (ENSG00000101162), TUBB4A (ENSG00000104833), TUBD1 (ENSG00000108423), TUBA1B (ENSG00000123416), TUBA4A (ENSG00000127824), TUBG1 (ENSG00000131462), TUBB2A (ENSG00000137267), TUBB2B (ENSG00000137285), TUBA3E (ENSG00000152086), TUBA1A (ENSG00000167552), TUBA1C (ENSG00000167553), TUBB8B (ENSG00000173213), TUBB6 (ENSG00000176014), TUBAL3 (ENSG00000178462), TUBA8 (ENSG00000183785), TUBB4B (ENSG00000188229), TUBB (ENSG00000196230), TUBA3C (ENSG00000198033), TUBA4B (ENSG00000243910), TUBB3 (ENSG00000258947), TUBB8 (ENSG00000261456)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Tubulin gamma-2 chain — Q9NRH3 (reviewed: Q9NRH3)

Alternative names: Gamma-2-tubulin

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A1B4Z394, Q9NRH3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, protein filaments consisting of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Gamma-tubulin is a key component of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) which mediates microtubule nucleation. The gTuRC regulates the minus-end nucleation of alpha-beta tubulin heterodimers that grow into microtubule protafilaments, a critical step in centrosome duplication and spindle formation.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) consisting of TUBGCP2, TUBGCP3, TUBGCP4, TUBGCP5 and TUBGCP6 and gamma-tubulin TUBG1 or TUBG2. TUBGCP2, TUBGCP3, TUBGCP4, TUBGCP5 and TUBGCP6 assemble in a 5:5:2:1:1 stoichiometry; each is associated with a gamma-tubulin, thereby arranging 14 gamma-tubulins in a helical manner. Gamma-tubulin at the first position is blocked by TUBGCP3 at the last position, allowing 13 protafilaments to grow into a microtubule. Interacts with alpha-beta tubulin heterodimers; the interaction allows microtubules to nucleate from the gTuRC.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Microtubule organizing center. Centrosome.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylation at Ser-131 by BRSK1 regulates centrosome duplication, possibly by mediating relocation of gamma-tubulin and its associated proteins from the cytoplasm to the centrosome.

Similarity. Belongs to the tubulin family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001307438, NP_057521* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000217TubulinFamily
IPR002454Gamma_tubulinFamily
IPR003008Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPaseDomain
IPR008280Tub_FtsZ_CHomologous_superfamily
IPR017975Tubulin_CSConserved_site
IPR018316Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-domDomain
IPR023123Tubulin_CHomologous_superfamily
IPR036525Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR037103Tubulin/FtsZ-like_CHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00091, PF03953

UniProt features (4 total): chain 1, binding site 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9NRH3-F191.680.79

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 142–148

Post-translational modifications (1): 131

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

9 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-380270Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
R-HSA-380320Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes
R-HSA-1640170Cell Cycle
R-HSA-380287Centrosome maturation
R-HSA-453274Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
R-HSA-68877Mitotic Prometaphase
R-HSA-68886M Phase
R-HSA-69275G2/M Transition
R-HSA-69278Cell Cycle, Mitotic

MSigDB gene sets: 119 (showing top): GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZATION, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, BERTUCCI_MEDULLARY_VS_DUCTAL_BREAST_CANCER_DN, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_C_UP, GOBP_MICROTUBULE_NUCLEATION, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOCC_CENTROSOME, GOBP_MITOTIC_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, GOBP_MITOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, HAN_SATB1_TARGETS_DN

GO Biological Process (7): mitotic sister chromatid segregation (GO:0000070), meiotic spindle organization (GO:0000212), mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000278), microtubule nucleation (GO:0007020), mitotic spindle organization (GO:0007052), cytoplasmic microtubule organization (GO:0031122), microtubule-based process (GO:0007017)

GO Molecular Function (5): structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), GTP binding (GO:0005525), microtubule nucleator activity (GO:0140490), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200)

GO Cellular Component (13): pericentriolar material (GO:0000242), gamma-tubulin ring complex (GO:0000931), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), centrosome (GO:0005813), spindle (GO:0005819), cytosol (GO:0005829), microtubule (GO:0005874), spindle microtubule (GO:0005876), cytoplasmic microtubule (GO:0005881), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), gamma-tubulin complex (GO:0000930), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Cell Cycle, Mitotic2
Centrosome maturation1
Mitotic Prometaphase1
G2/M Transition1
M Phase1
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases1
Cell Cycle1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
mitotic nuclear division2
spindle organization2
microtubule cytoskeleton organization2
cytoskeleton2
microtubule organizing center2
microtubule cytoskeleton2
intracellular membraneless organelle2
cytoplasm2
microtubule2
sister chromatid segregation1
mitotic cell cycle process1
meiotic cell cycle1
meiotic cell cycle process1
cell cycle1
microtubule polymerization1
mitotic cell cycle1
microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis1
supramolecular fiber organization1
cellular process1
molecular_function1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
molecular template activity1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
structural molecule activity1
cytoskeleton organization1
centrosome1
gamma-tubulin complex1
gamma-tubulin small complex1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
centriole1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber1
spindle1
protein-containing complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1166 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
TUBG2TUBGCP2Q9BSJ2760
TUBG2TUBGCP3Q96CW5750
TUBG2TUBGCP4Q9UGJ1692
TUBG2TUBGCP5Q96RT8690
TUBG2TUBGCP6Q96RT7683
TUBG2ZNF614Q8N883508
TUBG2CAMSAP1Q5T5Y3495
TUBG2CCNYL1Q8N7R7465
TUBG2CLRN3Q8NCR9463
TUBG2ZNF211Q13398445
TUBG2CD300LBA8K4G0431
TUBG2MZT1Q08AG7430
TUBG2NEDD1Q8NHV4428
TUBG2CEP164Q9UPV0412
TUBG2CYB5R2Q6BCY4410

IntAct

31 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
TUBGCP5TUBG1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
TUBG1TUBG1psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.760
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
TUBG2TUBGCP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
RAF1CALUpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
CFTRHAX1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.610
TUBG2TXNDC9psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TUBG2TCP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CFTRCNOT1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.480
Mzt2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
Haus6HAUS5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
ECE1TUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MAPK1SEC16Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ZDHHC5HACD3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PADDX39Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PEX14psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PEX14PEX12psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
LILRB4HIP1Rpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ATF6psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.270
FHIP2BVWA8psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.270
TUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
PTP4A3TUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
CIAO1TUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
DISC1TUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
LCORTUBG2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (61): TUBGCP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), MZT2A (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBGCP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBGCP6 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBGCP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), MZT2B (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBGCP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NME7 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PDCL (Affinity Capture-MS), TCP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CCT6B (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8EV45, C9WPN6, F1QGW6, F6RQL9, O73723, O77676, P00516, P0C605, P20461, P23258, P23330, P31321, P32392, P35250, P41091, P53033, P61157, P61158, P62482, P62483, P81795, P83887, P83888, Q05B83, Q0VCD2, Q13126, Q13303, Q13976, Q27955, Q2KHU8, Q2KJ81, Q2VIR3, Q32KM1, Q4V7C7, Q5R797, Q5R8R1, Q5ZHS1, Q5ZMS3, Q641P0, Q641W4

Diamond homologs: A0A644F0Y1, O04386, O17449, O49068, O93807, P04690, P05220, P07437, P10653, P10875, P10876, P10878, P11482, P11833, P12456, P14140, P14643, P18695, P20365, P22012, P22013, P22852, P23257, P23258, P23330, P25295, P31863, P32348, P32882, P32925, P34475, P34785, P34786, P34787, P38557, P38558, P40633, P40904, P41741, P42271

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

46 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance37
Likely benign0
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1940 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:42659551:GA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:42659553:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
17:42659929:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660002:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660279:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660423:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660691:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660691:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660705:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660710:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42660714:T:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:42663371:TCTCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
17:42663372:CTCA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:42663499:GTGTG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:42663500:TGTGG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
17:42663501:GTG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:42663504:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
17:42663504:GTGAG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:42663505:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:42665472:CCAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:42665473:CAGG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:42665474:A:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
17:42665474:AGGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:42665475:GGT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:42665475:GGTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:42665595:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:42665595:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
17:42665819:GACCA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:42665824:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
17:42665828:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

2975 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:42660171:C:AP62H1.000
17:42660296:T:AW104R1.000
17:42660296:T:CW104R1.000
17:42660679:G:CR124P1.000
17:42660684:G:CA126P1.000
17:42663016:G:AG148D1.000
17:42666332:A:CS336R1.000
17:42666334:C:AS336R1.000
17:42666334:C:GS336R1.000
17:42666377:T:AW351R1.000
17:42666377:T:CW351R1.000
17:42666449:G:TG375W1.000
17:42666450:G:AG375E1.000
17:42666654:T:CF404L1.000
17:42666656:C:AF404L1.000
17:42666656:C:GF404L1.000
17:42659534:G:CG11R0.999
17:42659535:G:AG11D0.999
17:42659535:G:TG11V0.999
17:42659542:C:GC13W0.999
17:42659544:G:AG14D0.999
17:42659544:G:TG14V0.999
17:42659836:G:TG18W0.999
17:42659848:T:AW22R0.999
17:42659848:T:CW22R0.999
17:42659858:T:CL25P0.999
17:42659876:T:GI31S0.999
17:42659887:G:CG35R0.999
17:42659939:T:CF52S0.999
17:42660171:C:GP62R0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000803601 (17:42662068 G>T), RS1000824486 (17:42663078 A>G), RS1000881476 (17:42666975 T>C), RS1000981577 (17:42661142 A>G), RS1001424476 (17:42664608 A>G), RS1002166665 (17:42657348 A>C), RS1002756228 (17:42659041 G>C,T), RS1002898029 (17:42661373 C>A,T), RS1002930560 (17:42661665 A>C), RS1003801426 (17:42659655 C>T), RS1004221651 (17:42659253 C>A,T), RS1004388688 (17:42659434 G>A), RS1005148720 (17:42664554 A>G), RS1005363389 (17:42666528 G>A), RS1005452923 (17:42663836 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605785 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST008529_19Tea consumption2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0010091tea consumption measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arseniteaffects expression, decreases expression, increases abundance3
Nickeldecreases expression2
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression2
Cyclosporinedecreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)increases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Decitabineaffects expression1
Sunitinibdecreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases expression1
Arsenicincreases abundance, decreases expression1
Atrazineincreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Cisplatinaffects expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Leadaffects expression1
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Okadaic Aciddecreases expression1
Copper Sulfatedecreases expression1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.4
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 75

This page pulls from 75 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

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