TXLNG

Summary

TXLNG (taxilin gamma, HGNC:18578) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.2, encoding Gamma-taxilin (Q9NUQ3). May be involved in intracellular vesicle traffic.

This gene encodes a member of the taxilin family. The encoded protein binds to the C-terminal coiled-coil region of syntaxin family members 1A, 3A and 4A, and may play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. This gene is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide and the gene product may be involved in cell cycle regulation. The related mouse protein was also shown to inhibit activating transcription factor 4-mediated transcription and thus regulate bone mass accrual. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 55787 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 151 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018360

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18578
Approved symbol	TXLNG
Name	taxilin gamma
Location	Xp22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11209, LSR5, FIAT, MGC126621, MGC126625, TXLNGX
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000086712
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300677
Entrez	55787

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 7 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000380122, ENST00000398155, ENST00000485153, ENST00000876568, ENST00000919096, ENST00000919097, ENST00000919098, ENST00000941919

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_018360 NM_001168683, NM_018360

CCDS: CCDS14178, CCDS55373

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000380122 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001108583	16829576	16829770
ENSE00001108585	16828094	16828264
ENSE00001201755	16839821	16839916
ENSE00001326566	16818574	16818877
ENSE00001688341	16837593	16837685
ENSE00001741815	16832623	16832742
ENSE00001765071	16820164	16820255
ENSE00001781516	16834283	16834357
ENSE00001937459	16786466	16786589
ENSE00003565807	16841428	16844519

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 252 present calls, max score 91.88.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 16.3870 / max 165.0067, expressed in 1756 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
195644	16.1459	1755
209614	0.2411	114

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	91.88	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	88.74	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	88.69	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	88.43	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	87.61	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	87.55	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	87.22	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	87.01	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	86.35	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	85.90	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	85.86	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	85.73	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	85.71	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	85.45	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	85.40	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	85.01	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	84.98	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	84.80	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	84.77	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	84.72	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	84.70	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	84.64	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	84.52	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	84.51	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	84.50	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	84.39	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	84.34	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	84.20	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	84.09	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	84.08	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.09

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): SP1, SP3, SP7

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

170 targeting TXLNG, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-3605-5P	99.96	67.12	932
HSA-MIR-548AA	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-23A-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23C	99.95	73.92	3192

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• identification of isoforms of taxilin; interaction with syntaxin; tissue distribution [beta-taxilin, gamma-taxilin]. (PMID:15184072)
• evaluation of the effects of a novel environmental lipopolysaccharide-responding (Elrg) gene on the regulation of proliferation and cell cycle of the hepatoma-derived cell line, HepG2 (PMID:18068885)
• [review] First evidence of a functional interaction between ATF4, FIAT (factor-inhibiting ATF4-mediated transcription) and alphaNAC (nascent polypeptide-associated complex and coactivator alpha). (PMID:22082360)
• Taken together with the result that gamma-taxilin protein expression levels were decreased at the onset of mitosis, we propose that gamma-taxilin participates in Nek2A-mediated centrosome disjunction as a negative regulator through its interaction with Nek2A. (PMID:29225051)
• alpha-/gamma-Taxilin are required for centriolar subdistal appendage assembly and microtubule organization. (PMID:35119360)
• TXLNG improves insulin resistance in obese subjects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting ATF4 transcriptional activity. (PMID:37028586)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	txlng	ENSDARG00000001969
mus_musculus	Txlng	ENSMUSG00000038344
rattus_norvegicus	Txlng	ENSRNOG00000004971
drosophila_melanogaster	CG5886	FBGN0039379
caenorhabditis_elegans	T22C1.6	WBGENE00011917

Paralogs (2): TXLNA (ENSG00000084652), TXLNB (ENSG00000164440)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Gamma-taxilin — Q9NUQ3 (reviewed: Q9NUQ3)

Alternative names: Environmental lipopolysaccharide-responding gene protein, Factor inhibiting ATF4-mediated transcription, Lipopolysaccharide-specific response protein 5

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9NUQ3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be involved in intracellular vesicle traffic. Inhibits ATF4-mediated transcription, possibly by dimerizing with ATF4 to form inactive dimers that cannot bind DNA. May be involved in regulating bone mass density through an ATF4-dependent pathway. May be involved in cell cycle progression.

Subunit / interactions. Binds to the C-terminal coiled coil region of syntaxin family members STX1A, STX3A and STX4A. Forms a heterodimer with ATF4 in osteoblasts.

Subcellular location. Nucleus membrane. Cytoplasm. Cytosol.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed at high level in heart and skeletal muscle. Expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas.

Induction. By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Hep-G2 cells.

Miscellaneous. Depletion of TXLNG by siRNA decreases the percentage of Hep-G2 cells arrested in G1 phase.

Similarity. Belongs to the taxilin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NUQ3-1	1	yes
Q9NUQ3-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001162154, NP_060830* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026183	Taxilin_fam	Family

Pfam: PF09728

UniProt features (21 total): modified residue 8, region of interest 3, sequence conflict 3, compositionally biased region 3, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NUQ3-F1	74.25	0.50

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (8): 79, 86, 97, 105, 283, 517, 12, 24

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 166 (showing top): GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_UP, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, GTACAGG_MIR486, USF_C, TTGCWCAAY_CEBPB_02, CEBP_Q2, GOBP_BONE_MINERALIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE, BACH2_01, TGANTCA_AP1_C, HIF1_Q3, GOBP_OSSIFICATION, AACTTT_UNKNOWN

GO Biological Process (3): regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564), regulation of bone mineralization (GO:0030500), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726)

GO Molecular Function (2): syntaxin binding (GO:0019905), DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297)

GO Cellular Component (5): cytosol (GO:0005829), nuclear membrane (GO:0031965), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
cell cycle process	1
regulation of cell cycle	1
regulation of ossification	1
bone mineralization	1
regulation of biomineral tissue development	1
cell cycle	1
regulation of cellular process	1
SNARE binding	1
transcription factor binding	1
cytoplasm	1
nucleus	1
nuclear envelope	1
organelle membrane	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

956 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
TXLNG	STX4	Q12846	904
TXLNG	ATF4	P18848	832
TXLNG	STX8	Q9UNK0	760
TXLNG	STX7	O15400	711
TXLNG	STX3	Q13277	707
TXLNG	STX1A	Q16623	608
TXLNG	AKAP17A	Q02040	592
TXLNG	USP9Y	O00507	578
TXLNG	RPS4Y1	P22090	565
TXLNG	BGLAP	P02818	564
TXLNG	USP9X	Q93008	551
TXLNG	PRKX	P51817	546
TXLNG	KDM5C	P41229	540
TXLNG	RPS4X	P12631	532
TXLNG	TBL1Y	Q9BQ87	532

IntAct

89 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MED4	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.900
MED4	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.900
ODAD1	HGS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
KRT31	HGS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
BTF3L4	TXLNA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
KRT34	TXLNA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
HIF1AN	GMDS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MIS18A	DCTN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SNRNP27	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TRIM44	ODAD3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KIF2B	BACH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GRAMD2B	EFCAB14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TXLNB	LAMC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CPNE2	HIP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
STUB1	DNAJC13	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CUEDC1	TOM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
STUB1	DNAJB6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NUCB1	NUCB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.500
Smn1	CLNS1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Chmp6	NSF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TANK	CNOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (156): TXLNG (Affinity Capture-RNA), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-RNA), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-RNA), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-MS), CDV3 (Co-fractionation), DDX17 (Co-fractionation), TXLNG (Co-fractionation), TXLNG (Co-fractionation), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-MS), TXLNG (Proximity Label-MS), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-MS), TXLNG (Affinity Capture-MS), TXLNG (Proximity Label-MS), TXLNG (Proximity Label-MS), TXLNG (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0PJT0, A2A6T1, A4IFI1, D3YV10, D3Z5T1, D3ZUQ0, E1U8D0, O75150, P0C219, P40222, P97817, Q01850, Q08379, Q17QG3, Q3U319, Q499E4, Q4KMA0, Q4R7K7, Q4V328, Q569K6, Q5EBL4, Q5RAU7, Q5SPX1, Q5XIA0, Q5XJA2, Q62036, Q62839, Q6DFC2, Q6DH86, Q6NRH3, Q6PAM1, Q6ZUS6, Q86X02, Q8BHN1, Q8BRM2, Q8C9S4, Q8CJB9, Q8IYE1, Q8IYY4, Q8N3L3

Diamond homologs: P40222, Q6GVM5, Q6PAM1, Q8BHN1, Q8N3L3, Q8VBT1, Q9BZA5, Q9I969, Q9NUQ3

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 106 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane	10	15.7×	3e-07
Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes	7	15.4×	3e-05
Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome	7	15.4×	3e-05
AURKA Activation by TPX2	7	14.8×	3e-05
Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition	8	14.1×	2e-05
Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes	7	13.2×	6e-05
Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes	7	11.3×	1e-04
Formation of the cornified envelope	8	9.8×	8e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
morphogenesis of an epithelium	8	29.3×	7e-08
intermediate filament organization	9	23.1×	7e-08
epithelial cell differentiation	7	13.1×	1e-04
cilium assembly	10	7.8×	1e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

151 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	51
Likely benign	5
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2306 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:16786586:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16786587:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16786588:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16786589:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818569:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:16818570:CTAGT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:16818571:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:16818572:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:16818572:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818572:AGTTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818573:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818573:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818573:GTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818573:GTTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818573:GTTTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16818858:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16818859:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16818874:TTAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818875:TAGGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818876:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818877:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818878:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16818879:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:16820256:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16828092:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16828093:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:16829752:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16829765:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16829768:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:16829769:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3490 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:16828239:T:C	L215P	0.999
X:16829733:T:C	L276P	0.999
X:16832674:G:C	A306P	0.999
X:16834347:T:C	L350P	0.999
X:16837594:T:C	L354P	0.999
X:16837614:T:C	F361L	0.999
X:16837616:T:A	F361L	0.999
X:16837616:T:G	F361L	0.999
X:16837623:T:C	F364L	0.999
X:16837625:C:A	F364L	0.999
X:16837625:C:G	F364L	0.999
X:16837656:T:C	F375L	0.999
X:16837658:T:A	F375L	0.999
X:16837658:T:G	F375L	0.999
X:16839843:T:C	L392P	0.999
X:16820233:T:C	L159P	0.998
X:16828218:T:C	L208P	0.998
X:16828227:T:C	L211P	0.998
X:16832654:T:C	L299P	0.998
X:16832666:T:C	L303P	0.998
X:16832681:T:C	L308P	0.998
X:16834295:G:C	A333P	0.998
X:16837624:T:C	F364S	0.998
X:16837638:G:C	A369P	0.998
X:16837644:A:C	S371R	0.998
X:16837646:C:A	S371R	0.998
X:16837646:C:G	S371R	0.998
X:16837654:T:C	L374P	0.998
X:16837665:T:C	F378L	0.998
X:16837667:C:A	F378L	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000004970 (X:16794183 C>T), RS1000035254 (X:16785357 A>T), RS1000108396 (X:16785722 A>G), RS1000174598 (X:16798038 G>A,T), RS1000245477 (X:16819200 C>T), RS1000305424 (X:16810069 C>T), RS1000412424 (X:16801483 G>A), RS1000479868 (X:16831928 G>A), RS1000514433 (X:16816758 C>T), RS1000583138 (X:16817247 A>G), RS1000693748 (X:16808490 C>T), RS1000748734 (X:16799627 C>T), RS1000825488 (X:16833817 C>G,T), RS1000877935 (X:16834249 A>G), RS1000951964 (X:16823067 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300677 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004094_16	Prostate-specific antigen levels (conditioned on lead SNPs)	3.000000e-13

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

35 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Caffeine	decreases phosphorylation	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Enzyme Inhibitors	decreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ketoconazole	increases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.