UBR3

gene
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Also known as KIAA2024DKFZp434P117FLJ37422

Summary

UBR3 (ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 3, HGNC:30467) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q31.1, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR3 (Q6ZT12). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway.

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including sensory perception of smell; suckling behavior; and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway. Predicted to act upstream of or within in utero embryonic development and olfactory behavior. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 130507 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 188 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_172070

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:30467
Approved symbolUBR3
Nameubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 3
Location2q31.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesKIAA2024, DKFZp434P117, FLJ37422
Ensembl geneENSG00000144357
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM613831
Entrez130507

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 6 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000272793, ENST00000392632, ENST00000430321, ENST00000439681, ENST00000444475, ENST00000465630, ENST00000474426, ENST00000477461, ENST00000484596, ENST00000487689, ENST00000949146, ENST00000949147, ENST00000949148

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_172070 NM_172070

CCDS: CCDS2238

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000272793 — 39 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001384213170006990170007190
ENSE00001384887169958438169958526
ENSE00001385568169986645169986794
ENSE00001561306169827454169828052
ENSE00001648398169927320169927405
ENSE00001670911169928727169928868
ENSE00002205246169905114169905293
ENSE00002205818169906031169906164
ENSE00002209953169872236169872375
ENSE00002219375169875791169875949
ENSE00002219551169932912169933008
ENSE00002237792169946288169946392
ENSE00002237844169949605169950065
ENSE00002245847169896507169896735
ENSE00002256494169925619169925747
ENSE00002256885169895181169895311
ENSE00002260450169878525169878574
ENSE00002266164169947542169947715
ENSE00002267144169877494169877637
ENSE00002271206169923929169923994
ENSE00002271358169942493169942634
ENSE00002273356169914060169914146
ENSE00002273745169926838169926971
ENSE00002280607169926692169926744
ENSE00002288213169891165169891231
ENSE00002308266169924084169924173
ENSE00003489673170079814170080023
ENSE00003495707170061318170061443
ENSE00003504146170055460170055584
ENSE00003522403170015281170015366
ENSE00003532333170040882170040985
ENSE00003561836170080545170080684
ENSE00003586034170001304170001414
ENSE00003613119170029346170029448
ENSE00003621646170008804170008940
ENSE00003636579169994323169994456
ENSE00003640473170061079170061186
ENSE00003646916170081726170084131
ENSE00003651264170073428170073607

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 255 present calls, max score 99.49.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 27.3052 / max 308.8067, expressed in 1815 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
2358323.91241814
235842.39691177
235820.9959535

Top tissues by expression

258 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137999.49gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150799.48gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137799.47gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450299.46gold quality
deltoidUBERON:000147699.43gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451199.40gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656699.33gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337999.29gold quality
tibialis anteriorUBERON:000138599.07gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113498.86gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234998.77gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208098.43gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648398.25gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238598.00gold quality
skeletal muscle organUBERON:001489297.68gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011597.65gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355497.51gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138897.37gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187697.37gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138397.27gold quality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178297.10gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273696.98gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240196.74gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240096.69gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194996.66gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503096.57gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008396.56gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233696.56gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370196.53gold quality
tibiaUBERON:000097996.48gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes7.30

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

253 targeting UBR3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-8485100.0077.574731
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-186-5P99.9970.833707
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-548N99.9871.944170
HSA-MIR-485-3P99.9870.681585
HSA-MIR-539-3P99.9870.741616
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713
HSA-MIR-4789-5P99.9870.762721
HSA-MIR-480399.9871.993117
HSA-MIR-103A-3P99.9869.141595
HSA-MIR-10799.9869.141595
HSA-MIR-569699.9872.364487
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-520D-5P99.9873.344883
HSA-MIR-524-5P99.9873.434882
HSA-MIR-302C-5P99.9772.563642
HSA-MIR-6793-5P99.9765.95758
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P99.9670.832666
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-9-3P99.9670.882068
HSA-MIR-211099.9666.681930

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • The human E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR3 has a major activity that polyubiquitylates APE1 at multiple lysine residues clustered on the N-terminal tail. (PMID:21933813)
  • UBR3/6 regulate cardiomyocyte Nav 1.5 channel protein levels via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (PMID:26059563)
  • UBR3 promotes inflammation and apoptosis via DUSP1/p38 pathway in the nucleus pulposus cells of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. (PMID:35332432)
  • Candidate Genes for IgA Nephropathy in Pediatric Patients: Exome-Wide Association Study. (PMID:37958966)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioubr3ENSDARG00000042508
mus_musculusUbr3ENSMUSG00000044308
rattus_norvegicusUbr3ENSRNOG00000008616
drosophila_melanogasterUbr3FBGN0260970
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00017373

Paralogs (2): UBR2 (ENSG00000024048), UBR1 (ENSG00000159459)

Protein

Protein identifiers

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR3Q6ZT12 (reviewed: Q6ZT12)

Alternative names: N-recognin-3, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase UBR3, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3-alpha-3, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3-alpha-III, Zinc finger protein 650

All UniProt accessions (5): Q6ZT12, F8WEB7, H0Y3K2, H7BZD8, H7C481

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway. Does not bind to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. May play a role in Shh signaling by mediating the ubiquitination of Kif7. May be important for MYH9 function in certain tissues, possibly by regulating the ubiquitination of MYH9 and consequently affecting its interaction with MYO7A.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with UBE2A and UBE2B.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Similarity. Belongs to the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR1-like family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q6ZT12-11yes
Q6ZT12-22
Q6ZT12-33
Q6ZT12-44

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_742067* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR003126Znf_UBRDomain
IPR039164UBR1-likeFamily
IPR044046E3_ligase_UBR-like_CDomain
IPR055194UBR1-like_WHDomain

Pfam: PF02207, PF18995, PF22960

UniProt features (21 total): splice variant 4, region of interest 4, transmembrane region 3, modified residue 3, compositionally biased region 2, zinc finger region 2, chain 1, coiled-coil region 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q6ZT12-F178.170.33

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 343, 344, 1199

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (11): in utero embryonic development (GO:0001701), suckling behavior (GO:0001967), ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0006511), sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608), embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching (GO:0009792), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), olfactory behavior (GO:0042048), positive regulation of protein catabolic process (GO:0045732), ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway (GO:0071596), negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel (GO:1904878), proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0043161)

GO Molecular Function (6): ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0000151), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
chordate embryonic development1
feeding behavior1
protein ubiquitination1
modification-dependent protein catabolic process1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus1
embryo development1
protein modification by small protein conjugation1
chemosensory behavior1
positive regulation of catabolic process1
protein catabolic process1
regulation of protein catabolic process1
positive regulation of protein metabolic process1
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process1
calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel1
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel1
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport1
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process1
proteasomal protein catabolic process1
ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity1
transition metal ion binding1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity1
binding1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1
intracellular protein-containing complex1
transferase complex1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1110 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
UBR3UBR7Q8N806709
UBR3UBR5O95071622
UBR3UBR4Q5T4S7567
UBR3FBXO11Q86XK2554
UBR3KBTBD12Q3ZCT8444
UBR3DIAPH1O60610443
UBR3ARHGAP4P98171423
UBR3KLHL33A6NCF5419
UBR3MAGEC2Q9UBF1416
UBR3ATE1O95260414
UBR3KLHL38Q2WGJ6414
UBR3ATMINO43313413
UBR3BTRCQ9Y297409
UBR3NINLQ9Y2I6399
UBR3UBE2BP23567397

IntAct

121 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
GPANK1TTC19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.740
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
LDLRAD4NEDD4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.690
KIRREL1UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SPINT2UPK3BL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
LDLRAD4WWP2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CRPQSOX1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
BMERB1DCTN6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZSCAN32ZNF197psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA21IFIT3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA8IFIT3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FAHD1CLUHpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
HSPB6BAG3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA5IFNA13psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA10ISG15psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
EFCAB11SFI1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
C1orf198INPPL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA8UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FAM219AOBSL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CYB5D2ABLIM1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ESR2FBLL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.460
DUSP28UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
TP53AIP1UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
WNT1UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GTSF1UBR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (144): UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMD0, A1A535, A1ZAB5, A2AIV2, A8E7C5, A8PJX4, A8XAA9, B0W2S0, B3MIW0, B3NPV8, B4GAM1, B4JW99, B4KT50, B4LQ23, B4MY63, B4P6P7, D3YVL2, E9PXF8, F4HS99, F4HZK4, F4J5S1, F4JKH6, O60502, O75153, O88379, P34466, P69735, Q0IHW8, Q0VA04, Q15042, Q17N71, Q291J5, Q5PQS3, Q5SW19, Q5TYW4, Q5U430, Q69YN4, Q6NTN5, Q6ZT12, Q7PZD5

Diamond homologs: F1QJX5, O60152, Q5U430, Q6ZT12, Q9W3M3, F4KCC2, O13731, Q07963

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 177 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling725.0×2e-06
TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation721.7×4e-06
Evasion by RSV of host interferon responses718.6×1e-05
Interferon alpha/beta signaling1012.4×2e-06
SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses96.5×1e-03
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production94.9×9e-03

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
B cell activation involved in immune response640.5×4e-06
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response638.1×4e-06
T cell activation involved in immune response627.0×3e-05
response to exogenous dsRNA620.2×8e-05
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway715.4×8e-05
humoral immune response712.6×2e-04
cellular response to virus911.6×3e-05
defense response to virus135.8×8e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

188 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance144
Likely benign16
Benign6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

6528 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
2:169828049:GCGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
2:169862550:A:AGdonor_gain1.0000
2:169872231:TACA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169872233:CA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169872234:A:ACacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169872234:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169872234:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169872235:G:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169872235:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169872235:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169872235:GGT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169872376:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
2:169872377:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
2:169875785:TTTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875786:TTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875787:TTAGC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875789:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875789:AGCA:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875790:G:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875790:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875790:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875790:GCA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875790:GCAGC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875791:CAGCT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875792:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875792:AG:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:169875792:AGCT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875793:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875793:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:169875793:GCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

12467 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
2:169827865:T:CC120R1.000
2:169827866:G:AC120Y1.000
2:169827867:C:GC120W1.000
2:169827872:T:CL122P1.000
2:169827875:T:AV123D1.000
2:169827877:T:AW124R1.000
2:169827877:T:CW124R1.000
2:169827878:G:CW124S1.000
2:169827879:G:CW124C1.000
2:169827879:G:TW124C1.000
2:169827889:T:CF128L1.000
2:169827890:T:CF128S1.000
2:169827890:T:GF128C1.000
2:169827891:C:AF128L1.000
2:169827891:C:GF128L1.000
2:169827896:C:AA130D1.000
2:169827902:G:CR132P1.000
2:169827904:T:AC133S1.000
2:169827904:T:CC133R1.000
2:169827905:G:AC133Y1.000
2:169827905:G:CC133S1.000
2:169827906:C:GC133W1.000
2:169827913:T:CC136R1.000
2:169827914:G:AC136Y1.000
2:169827914:G:TC136F1.000
2:169827915:C:GC136W1.000
2:169827938:T:CL144P1.000
2:169827940:T:AC145S1.000
2:169827940:T:CC145R1.000
2:169827941:G:AC145Y1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008179 (2:169956388 G>A,T), RS1000009121 (2:170003172 A>G), RS1000012813 (2:169860784 A>G), RS1000036661 (2:170028214 CA>C), RS1000042077 (2:169973907 A>T), RS1000102163 (2:169874873 G>A,T), RS1000102498 (2:169946534 G>A,T), RS1000107313 (2:170009326 T>C), RS1000114448 (2:169906089 C>T), RS1000123283 (2:169988494 T>G), RS1000143006 (2:170055999 C>T), RS1000152274 (2:169857422 A>G), RS1000153996 (2:169902413 G>A), RS1000163916 (2:170017066 A>C), RS1000196949 (2:170016655 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613831 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002828_11Urate levels in obese individuals2.000000e-06
GCST003082_6Longitudinal change in brain amyloid plaque burden2.000000e-07
GCST003830_10Response to bronchodilator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (change in FEV1)6.000000e-07
GCST009391_942Metabolite levels6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004531urate measurement
EFO:0007646amyloid plaque accumulation rate
EFO:0005921FEV change measurement
EFO:0010402triacylglycerol 46:2 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

37 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
dicrotophosdecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Adecreases methylation1
sodium arseniteaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
cobaltous chlorideincreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
manganese chlorideaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
epigallocatechin gallatedecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
monomethylarsonous aciddecreases expression1
ICG 001decreases expression1
bisphenol Sincreases methylation, affects cotreatment1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compoundincreases expression1
Bortezomibincreases expression1
Fulvestrantincreases methylation, affects cotreatment1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, affects expression1
Arsenicincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Doxorubicinincreases expression1
Endosulfandecreases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Manganeseincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
Methyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1
Ozoneaffects expression, increases abundance1
Phthalic Acidsdecreases methylation1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.