UCKL1

Summary

UCKL1 (uridine-cytidine kinase 1 like 1, HGNC:15938) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20q13.33, encoding Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1 (Q9NWZ5). May contribute to UTP accumulation needed for blast transformation and proliferation.

The protein encoded by this gene is a uridine kinase. Uridine kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of uridine to uridine monophosphate. This protein has been shown to bind to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3 as well as natural killer lytic-associated molecule. Ubiquitination of this protein is enhanced by the presence of natural killer lytic-associated molecule. In addition, protein levels decrease in the presence of natural killer lytic-associated molecule, suggesting that association with natural killer lytic-associated molecule results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of this protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 54963 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 83 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_017859

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15938
Approved symbol	UCKL1
Name	uridine-cytidine kinase 1 like 1
Location	20q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ20517
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198276
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610866
Entrez	54963

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 32 — 28 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000354216, ENST00000358711, ENST00000369908, ENST00000430743, ENST00000483710, ENST00000492660, ENST00000632800, ENST00000883267, ENST00000883268, ENST00000883269, ENST00000883270, ENST00000883271, ENST00000883272, ENST00000929520, ENST00000969433, ENST00000969434, ENST00000969435, ENST00000969436, ENST00000969437, ENST00000969438, ENST00000969439, ENST00000969440, ENST00000969441, ENST00000969442, ENST00000969443, ENST00000969444, ENST00000969445, ENST00000969446, ENST00000969447, ENST00000969448, ENST00000969449, ENST00000969450

RefSeq mRNA: 10 — MANE Select: NM_017859 NM_001193379, NM_001353475, NM_001353476, NM_001353477, NM_001353478, NM_001353479, NM_001353480, NM_001353481, NM_001353482, NM_017859

CCDS: CCDS13547, CCDS54479

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000354216 — 15 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001615069	63945651	63945722
ENSE00001649738	63945805	63945975
ENSE00001650820	63941110	63941208
ENSE00001668832	63940950	63941043
ENSE00001690722	63944397	63944458
ENSE00001698704	63946161	63946267
ENSE00001714445	63939829	63940055
ENSE00001736183	63944545	63944734
ENSE00001896489	63956260	63956416
ENSE00002528595	63943653	63943669
ENSE00003467914	63940594	63940716
ENSE00003553144	63946453	63946643
ENSE00003572640	63940794	63940856
ENSE00003625950	63940150	63940306
ENSE00003786313	63940378	63940485

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 275 present calls, max score 98.25.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 30.7884 / max 208.5998, expressed in 1812 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
188435	29.3092	1809
188436	0.9996	614
188427	0.2139	104
188431	0.1194	30
188432	0.0531	24
188433	0.0395	20
188430	0.0348	12
188434	0.0188	8

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	98.25	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	98.00	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	97.72	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	97.37	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	97.34	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	97.32	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	97.15	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	96.46	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	96.45	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	96.44	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	96.29	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	96.28	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	96.22	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	96.17	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	96.07	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	96.05	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	95.98	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	95.89	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	95.84	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	95.82	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	95.81	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	95.71	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	95.62	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	95.42	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	95.28	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	95.21	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	95.15	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	95.15	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	95.13	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	95.09	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.86
E-GEOD-110499	no	244.53

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

14 targeting UCKL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-6844	99.82	70.69	2423
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-5700	99.64	69.88	2280
HSA-MIR-802	99.61	67.70	1254
HSA-MIR-3923	99.52	69.21	446
HSA-MIR-4291	99.20	68.88	2969
HSA-MIR-628-3P	99.04	68.37	814
HSA-MIR-153-3P	98.96	72.51	1644
HSA-MIR-10395-3P	98.10	66.70	1726
HSA-MIR-6742-3P	97.95	64.50	1490

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• These results indicate a role for UCKL-1 in tumor cell survival. (PMID:19653100)
• The presence of IL28B rs8099917 TT and rs12979860 CC SNPs, but not the intensity of UCKL-1 expression, is strongly associated with increased chances of Hepatocellular Carcinoma development in hepatitis C virus -positive cirrhotic patients. (PMID:30344298)
• Characterization of uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 nucleoside kinase activity and its role in tumor growth. (PMID:35583288)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	uckl1a	ENSDARG00000001686
danio_rerio	uckl1b	ENSDARG00000078973
mus_musculus	Uckl1	ENSMUSG00000089917
rattus_norvegicus	Uckl1	ENSRNOG00000050277
drosophila_melanogaster	l(2)k01209	FBGN0022029

Paralogs (3): UPRT (ENSG00000094841), UCK1 (ENSG00000130717), UCK2 (ENSG00000143179)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1 — Q9NWZ5 (reviewed: Q9NWZ5)

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9NWZ5, Q5JWV1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May contribute to UTP accumulation needed for blast transformation and proliferation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with RNF19B. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Epstein-Barr virus/EBV EBNA3.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous.

Post-translational modifications. Ubiquitinated by RNF19B; which induces proteasomal degradation.

Pathway. Pyrimidine metabolism; CTP biosynthesis via salvage pathway; CTP from cytidine: step 1/3. Pyrimidine metabolism; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway; UMP from uridine: step 1/1.

Similarity. Belongs to the uridine kinase family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NWZ5-1	1	yes
Q9NWZ5-2	2
Q9NWZ5-3	3
Q9NWZ5-4	4

RefSeq proteins (10): NP_001180308, NP_001340404, NP_001340405, NP_001340406, NP_001340407, NP_001340408, NP_001340409, NP_001340410, NP_001340411, NP_060329* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000764	Uridine_kinase-like	Family
IPR000836	PRTase_dom	Domain
IPR006083	PRK/URK	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029057	PRTase-like	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00485, PF14681

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.7.1.48 — uridine/cytidine kinase (BRENDA: 11 organisms, 140 substrates, 53 inhibitors, 88 Km, 32 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

7 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 7. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CYTIDINE	0.023–4	38
URIDINE	0.04–11.5	31
ATP	0.062–5	10
5-FLUOROURIDINE	0.03–0.069	2
3-DEAZAURIDINE	0.2	1
5-AZACYTIDINE	11	1
6-AZAURIDINE	0.34	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

• uridine + ATP = UMP + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:16825)
• cytidine + ATP = CMP + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:24674)

UniProt features (14 total): splice variant 4, modified residue 4, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence conflict 1, binding site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NWZ5-F1	81.24	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 105–112

Post-translational modifications (4): 16, 56, 63, 539

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-73614	Pyrimidine salvage

MSigDB gene sets: 162 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_PYRIMIDINE_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, AACWWCAANK_UNKNOWN, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, EVI1_05, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_48HR_DN, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PYRIMIDINE_NUCLEOTIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (8): pyrimidine nucleoside salvage (GO:0043097), UMP salvage (GO:0044206), CTP salvage (GO:0044211), pyrimidine-containing compound salvage (GO:0008655), CMP biosynthetic process (GO:0009224), nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process (GO:0034654), nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process (GO:0055086), carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process (GO:1901137)

GO Molecular Function (7): uridine kinase activity (GO:0004849), ATP binding (GO:0005524), cytidine kinase activity (GO:0043771), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Nucleotide salvage	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
UMP biosynthetic process	2
pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage	2
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	2
biosynthetic process	2
nucleoside kinase activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
pyrimidine-containing compound salvage	1
nucleoside salvage	1
pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process	1
CTP biosynthetic process	1
metabolic compound salvage	1
pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process	1
pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process	1
pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process	1
CMP metabolic process	1
small molecule metabolic process	1
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
CMP biosynthetic process	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2184 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
UCKL1	RNF19B	Q6ZMZ0	938
UCKL1	UPP2	O95045	829
UCKL1	UPP1	Q16831	815
UCKL1	UMPS	P11172	811
UCKL1	RNF19A	Q9NV58	695
UCKL1	TYMS	P04818	626
UCKL1	TK2	O00142	608
UCKL1	TYMP	P19971	591
UCKL1	UBE2L6	O14933	582
UCKL1	DPYD	Q12882	571
UCKL1	CDA	P32320	535
UCKL1	DTYMK	P23919	514
UCKL1	CTPS2	Q9NRF8	512
UCKL1	CMPK1	P30085	506
UCKL1	CTPS1	P17812	486

IntAct

66 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RFXANK	RFXAP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
MPPED1	TXNDC9	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
UCKL1	RNF19B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
RNF19B	UCKL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
UCKL1	RNF19B	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.600
EBNA3	UCKL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
UCKL1	EBNA3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
EBNA3	UCKL1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.540
IL13RA2	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LAMP3	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KAT5	YEATS4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UPRT	SERPINB4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UCK2	IAH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM9	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CD70	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FAM174A	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNRD2	MYO9A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UPRT	UCK2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UCKL1	CCR8	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
METTL3	TUBAL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CD70	GXYLT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VWA5A	PIPSL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLHL2	DCTN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (68): UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BCS1L (Co-fractionation), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UCKL1 (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0J9UVG7, A0A250YGJ5, A0A2K5TU92, A8NWP2, A9UVV1, B0X4N8, B2RZ55, C8V3W5, E1BRE2, E2RDZ6, E9GD30, F4P804, F7DKV7, F7EZ75, J4W6X9, P16081, P17571, P22944, P27967, P27968, P27969, P36842, P38681, P43100, P49102, P59941, Q0P595, Q0UI56, Q1JQC6, Q3ZBQ0, Q4PEJ3, Q5AW69, Q5HZN8, Q5R6G3, Q5RBF1, Q5RJQ4, Q68FX9, Q6DHI5, Q7ZVK3, Q8BKJ9

Diamond homologs: A0ALM3, A2RG73, A3CPK9, A4VWM9, A5H0J4, A5IE48, A5N3J1, A5VIQ0, A5VVW9, A6UET4, A8AYQ0, A8FIC0, A9KIB0, A9MCZ3, A9WW75, B0K1G2, B0K7G1, B1AVZ0, B2G680, B2GAT5, B2SC51, B2U8Z0, B3PXN0, B3WDL1, B5XJZ7, B5YDB8, B5ZXI2, B6IW12, B7GMG3, B8DBH1, B8E009, B9DX75, B9J6V7, C0RMK4, C0Z818, C1KYV5, C3MBH2, C4Z9S1, C5D9M4, O13867

SIGNOR signaling

7 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RNF19B	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	UCKL1	ubiquitination
UCKL1	“down-regulates quantity”	ATP(4-)	“chemical modification”
UCKL1	“up-regulates quantity”	ADP(3-)	“chemical modification”
UCKL1	“down-regulates quantity”	cytidine	“chemical modification”
UCKL1	“up-regulates quantity”	“cytidine 5’-monophosphate(2-)”	“chemical modification”
UCKL1	“down-regulates quantity”	uridine	“chemical modification”
UCKL1	“up-regulates quantity”	“uridine 5’-monophosphate(2-)”	“chemical modification”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

83 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	63
Likely benign	2
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3068 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
20:63940266:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940372:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940373:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940375:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
20:63940376:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940376:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940377:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940377:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940377:CCAGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940481:TGGAG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940482:GGAG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940483:GAG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940483:GAGC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:63940484:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940484:AGC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:63940486:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940486:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:63940602:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940603:C:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:63940690:G:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63940948:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
20:63940949:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
20:63941204:CAGCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941205:AGCC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941206:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941207:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941207:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941208:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:63941208:CCTGG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:63941209:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3601 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
20:63940033:A:C	F530L	1.000
20:63940033:A:T	F530L	1.000
20:63940035:A:G	F530L	1.000
20:63940395:C:G	A465P	1.000
20:63940484:A:G	L435P	1.000
20:63940628:A:G	L423P	1.000
20:63940996:A:G	L357P	1.000
20:63941010:G:C	F352L	1.000
20:63941010:G:T	F352L	1.000
20:63941012:A:G	F352L	1.000
20:63941017:A:G	F350S	1.000
20:63941110:C:A	R341M	1.000
20:63944431:A:G	L291P	1.000
20:63944553:A:T	V279D	1.000
20:63944676:A:G	L238P	1.000
20:63945686:C:G	G207R	1.000
20:63945872:A:G	L172P	1.000
20:63946498:A:G	W87R	1.000
20:63946498:A:T	W87R	1.000
20:63940035:A:T	F530I	0.999
20:63940038:A:C	Y529D	0.999
20:63940040:C:G	R528P	0.999
20:63940041:G:T	R528S	0.999
20:63940048:A:C	F525L	0.999
20:63940048:A:T	F525L	0.999
20:63940050:A:G	F525L	0.999
20:63940155:C:T	G521D	0.999
20:63940156:C:G	G521R	0.999
20:63940198:C:G	A507P	0.999
20:63940223:A:C	F498L	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000047260 (20:63945156 C>T), RS1000112354 (20:63954094 C>T), RS1000147204 (20:63947333 C>T), RS1000147518 (20:63943090 T>C), RS1000157374 (20:63943255 G>A,C,T), RS1000184544 (20:63955235 G>C), RS1000246414 (20:63951828 C>T), RS1000467124 (20:63954440 TGGAACGGTGGTGGA>T), RS1000485498 (20:63941717 C>G), RS1000495390 (20:63941895 A>G), RS1000528264 (20:63954268 C>T), RS1000711236 (20:63942903 G>T), RS1000771301 (20:63944035 G>A), RS1000844581 (20:63949333 C>T), RS1000988209 (20:63949664 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610866 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001942_22	Prostate cancer	4.000000e-16

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
obeticholic acid	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
Caffeine	decreases phosphorylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	increases expression	1
Potassium Dichromate	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Toluene	decreases methylation, increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.