UTP4

Summary

UTP4 (UTP4 small subunit processome component, HGNC:1983) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.1, encoding U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 4 homolog (Q969X6). Ribosome biogenesis factor. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 99.8% of cancer cell lines).

This gene encodes a WD40-repeat-containing protein that is localized to the nucleolus. Mutation of this gene causes North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, a severe intrahepatic cholestasis that results in transient neonatal jaundice, and progresses to periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis in childhood and adolescence. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 84916 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (Supportive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 177 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 99.8% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_032830

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1983
Approved symbol	UTP4
Name	UTP4 small subunit processome component
Location	16q22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NAIC, FLJ14728, KIAA1988, TEX292, CIRHIN
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000141076
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607456
Entrez	84916

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 40 — 34 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000314423, ENST00000352319, ENST00000562237, ENST00000563094, ENST00000563299, ENST00000564408, ENST00000566227, ENST00000567015, ENST00000567235, ENST00000567287, ENST00000567460, ENST00000567500, ENST00000568448, ENST00000569014, ENST00000569615, ENST00000569800, ENST00000861702, ENST00000861703, ENST00000861704, ENST00000861705, ENST00000861706, ENST00000861707, ENST00000916296, ENST00000916297, ENST00000916298, ENST00000916299, ENST00000916300, ENST00000916301, ENST00000916302, ENST00000916303, ENST00000916304, ENST00000916305, ENST00000916306, ENST00000916307, ENST00000960037, ENST00000960038, ENST00000960039, ENST00000960040, ENST00000960041, ENST00000960042

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_032830 NM_001318391, NM_032830

CCDS: CCDS10872

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000314423 — 17 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000946481	69150813	69150904
ENSE00000946482	69153584	69153680
ENSE00000946483	69154393	69154457
ENSE00000946484	69155871	69155993
ENSE00000946485	69157084	69157240
ENSE00001203664	69167075	69167185
ENSE00001203731	69133458	69133618
ENSE00001252649	69165341	69165526
ENSE00001647974	69168821	69169021
ENSE00001652768	69132649	69132689
ENSE00002444457	69163083	69163178
ENSE00002457091	69160356	69160462
ENSE00002707694	69137801	69137885
ENSE00003468899	69139825	69139914
ENSE00003501950	69136696	69136887
ENSE00003678127	69150537	69150708
ENSE00003784506	69143178	69143389

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 142 present calls, max score 95.78.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 20.7468 / max 243.7578, expressed in 1804 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
154798	20.4592	1804
154803	0.1328	32
154799	0.0700	11
154804	0.0469	16
154802	0.0167	4
154800	0.0123	4
154801	0.0088	4

Top tissues by expression

142 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	95.78	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	94.10	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	94.07	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	93.23	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	93.21	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	93.16	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	92.81	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	92.77	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	92.73	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	92.67	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	92.36	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	92.02	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	92.01	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	91.92	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	91.90	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	91.81	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	90.79	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	90.62	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	90.45	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	90.40	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	90.37	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	90.32	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	90.05	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	89.92	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	89.83	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	89.54	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	89.38	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	89.37	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	89.30	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	89.30	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 99.8% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (PMID:12417987)
• Cirhin is a nucleolar protein and the R565W mutation, for which all North American Indian childhood cirrhosis patients are homozygous, has no effect on subcellular localization. (PMID:16225863)
• Cirhin is a transcriptional regulatory factor of this NF-kappaB sequence and could be a participant in the regulation of other genes with NF-kappaB responsive elements. (PMID:19732766)
• Results show that CIRH1A was highly expressed in carcinoma samples and colorectal cancer cells and suggest that CIRH1A plays a critical role in the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of human malignant colorectal cells. (PMID:28350096)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	utp4	ENSDARG00000017675
mus_musculus	Utp4	ENSMUSG00000041438
rattus_norvegicus	Utp4	ENSRNOG00000020333
drosophila_melanogaster	l(3)72Dn	FBGN0263605

Paralogs (1): SKIC8 (ENSG00000140395)

Protein

Protein identifiers

U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 4 homolog — Q969X6 (reviewed: Q969X6)

Alternative names: Cirhin, UTP4 small subunit processome component

All UniProt accessions (8): Q969X6, H3BPD7, H3BRM8, H3BSH7, I3L4T9, J3KSE6, J3KSI1, J3KTR0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted d Involved in SSU pre-rRNA processing at sites A’, A0, 1 and 2b. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase. May be a transcriptional regulator. (Microbial infection) Acts as a positive regulator of HIVEP1 which specifically binds to the DNA sequence 5’-GGGACTTTCC-3’ found in enhancer elements of numerous viral promoters such as those of HIV-1, SV40, or CMV.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with HIVEP1 Interacts with NOL11. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, composed of more than 70 proteins and the RNA chaperone small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U3. May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Chromosome.

Post-translational modifications. May be phosphorylated during mitosis; may control the association of this protein with WRD43 and UTP15.

Miscellaneous. May be due to intron retention.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q969X6-1	1	yes
Q969X6-2	2
Q969X6-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001305320, NP_116219* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001680	WD40_rpt	Repeat
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036322	WD40_repeat_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR046351	UTP4	Family

Pfam: PF00400

UniProt features (27 total): repeat 14, sequence conflict 6, splice variant 3, sequence variant 2, chain 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7MQA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7MQ8	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6
7MQ9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.87

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q969X6-F1	91.28	0.78

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 321

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6790901	rRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol
R-HSA-6791226	Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol

MSigDB gene sets: 163 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, chr16q22, SHEPARD_CRASH_AND_BURN_MUTANT_UP, GOBP_MATURATION_OF_SSU_RRNA, YY1_Q6, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, WANG_LMO4_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_RIBOSOMAL_SMALL_SUBUNIT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_MATURATION_OF_SSU_RRNA_FROM_TRICISTRONIC_RRNA_TRANSCRIPT_SSU_RRNA_5_8S_RRNA_LSU_RRNA, BYSTRYKH_HEMATOPOIESIS_STEM_CELL_AND_BRAIN_QTL_TRANS, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, BROWN_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT_DN, NADLER_HYPERGLYCEMIA_AT_OBESITY

GO Biological Process (6): maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) (GO:0000462), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), maturation of SSU-rRNA (GO:0030490), ribosomal small subunit biogenesis (GO:0042274), rRNA processing (GO:0006364), ribosome biogenesis (GO:0042254)

GO Molecular Function (2): RNA binding (GO:0003723), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): fibrillar center (GO:0001650), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), chromosome (GO:0005694), nucleolus (GO:0005730), 90S preribosome (GO:0030686), small-subunit processome (GO:0032040), t-UTP complex (GO:0034455), nucleus (GO:0005634)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	2

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
nucleolus	3
ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis	2
ribosome biogenesis	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
nuclear lumen	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
preribosome	2
t-UTP complex	2
nuclear protein-containing complex	2
maturation of SSU-rRNA	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
rRNA processing	1
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	1
RNA processing	1
rRNA metabolic process	1
nucleic acid binding	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2045 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
UTP4	WDR43	Q15061	984
UTP4	UTP15	Q8TED0	981
UTP4	HEATR1	Q9H583	966
UTP4	WDR75	Q8IWA0	919
UTP4	NOL11	Q9H8H0	889
UTP4	PWP2	Q15269	852
UTP4	UTP18	Q9Y5J1	846
UTP4	SNTB2	Q13425	825
UTP4	WDR36	Q8NI36	813
UTP4	BMS1	Q14692	765
UTP4	UTP6	Q9NYH9	743
UTP4	NOP58	Q9Y2X3	743
UTP4	NOP56	O00567	742
UTP4	WDR3	Q9UNX4	737
UTP4	EMG1	Q92979	691

IntAct

105 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FOS	JUN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.980
UTP4	WDR43	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.860
UTP4	WDR43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.860
UTP4	NOL11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.820
UTP4	UTP15	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.810
KBTBD7	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
C1D	ZFC3H1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
EXOSC5	ZFC3H1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NOL7	WDR43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GFPT2	GFPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.620
NPM1	MPHOSPH10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
HAVCR2	TCAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
VASP	GTPBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NECAB1	CCDC6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NOL11	WDR43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UTP4	ANKRD28	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXL19	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNRD2	MYO9A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NOL7	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EXOSC4	ZFC3H1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EVL	VASP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MPHOSPH6	ZFC3H1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EGFL8	MPO	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EVA1C	STK25	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (227): CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-RNA), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), WDR43 (Co-fractionation), CIRH1A (Reconstituted Complex), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS), CIRH1A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4IC37, A0JN52, A1A4K3, E9PY46, O49552, P0CR22, P0CR23, P0DKL4, P0DKL6, P33194, P59015, Q15269, Q15393, Q16531, Q1LVE8, Q21554, Q3U1J4, Q3V3N7, Q4PGM6, Q4WLI5, Q52E49, Q5B1X8, Q5R649, Q5RBI5, Q5RFQ3, Q6AX60, Q6E7D1, Q6L4S0, Q6P6Z0, Q6QNU4, Q7RYR4, Q805F9, Q811G0, Q8BU03, Q8NFJ9, Q8R2N2, Q921M3, Q93VQ0, Q969X6, Q96RY7

Diamond homologs: Q8R2N2, Q969X6

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
UTP4	“form complex”	“UTP-A complex”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 136 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Nuclear RNA decay	5	17.0×	2e-03
rRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol	7	14.4×	1e-04
Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol	12	8.1×	1e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis	5	18.5×	2e-03
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	8	15.2×	4e-05
rRNA processing	8	9.4×	9e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

177 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	72
Likely benign	58
Benign	13

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3057 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:69132689:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69132690:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69132691:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69133615:GAAA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69133616:AAAGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69133617:AAGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69133618:AGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69133619:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69133619:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69133620:TAA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69136888:GTTA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69136892:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69137799:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69137799:AGGTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69137800:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69137800:GGTTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69137881:GAAAA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69137886:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69143387:GAC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69143390:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69150535:AG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69150707:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69150708:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69150709:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69150710:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69150802:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69150810:CAGGC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69150811:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69150811:AGG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69150812:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4536 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:69143282:A:C	S211R	0.998
16:69143284:T:A	S211R	0.998
16:69143284:T:G	S211R	0.998
16:69150627:T:A	W277R	0.998
16:69150627:T:C	W277R	0.998
16:69163122:G:C	A531P	0.998
16:69165383:A:C	S564R	0.998
16:69165385:C:A	S564R	0.998
16:69165385:C:G	S564R	0.998
16:69165492:A:T	D600V	0.998
16:69168926:T:C	F684L	0.998
16:69168928:T:A	F684L	0.998
16:69168928:T:G	F684L	0.998
16:69163153:T:C	L541P	0.997
16:69165419:T:A	W576R	0.997
16:69165419:T:C	W576R	0.997
16:69136738:T:A	W68R	0.996
16:69136738:T:C	W68R	0.996
16:69160388:A:C	S493R	0.996
16:69160390:T:A	S493R	0.996
16:69160390:T:G	S493R	0.996
16:69165380:T:A	W563R	0.996
16:69165380:T:C	W563R	0.996
16:69168873:G:C	R666P	0.996
16:69133563:G:C	R35P	0.995
16:69136760:T:C	F75S	0.995
16:69155892:A:C	S396R	0.995
16:69155894:C:A	S396R	0.995
16:69155894:C:G	S396R	0.995
16:69133554:C:A	A32D	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000047059 (16:69145820 A>C), RS1000090717 (16:69164030 G>A,C), RS1000136796 (16:69141106 A>G), RS1000307099 (16:69135385 A>C,G), RS1000320556 (16:69158066 T>C), RS1000388695 (16:69158283 C>G,T), RS1000395012 (16:69165724 G>A), RS1000438501 (16:69152697 T>G), RS1000537458 (16:69130925 T>C), RS1000574010 (16:69147467 T>A,C), RS1000613921 (16:69144979 T>C), RS1000796672 (16:69142662 C>T), RS1000859960 (16:69167842 C>A,T), RS1000890723 (16:69163023 A>G), RS1000915406 (16:69134408 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607456 | disease phenotypes: MIM:604901

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis	Supportive	Autosomal recessive
cirrhosis, familial	Disputed Evidence	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (MONDO:0011497), cirrhosis, familial (MONDO:0007329)

Orphanet (1): Hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (Orphanet:168583)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005951_13	Body mass index	5.000000e-11
GCST007006_16	Logical memory (delayed recall) in normal cognition	7.000000e-07
GCST010703_183	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	5.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004874	memory performance
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C566123	Cirrhosis, Familial (supp.)
C565737	North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

29 total (human), top 29 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases expression, affects expression	2
deoxynivalenol	increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects expression	2
Cyclosporine	increases expression	2
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
nivalenol	increases expression	1
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol	increases expression	1
4-phenylbutyric acid	decreases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
abrine	increases expression	1
LDN 193189	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	increases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

2 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02595710	Not specified	COMPLETED	Bartonella in Liver Transplant Patients
NCT05740358	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Liver Cirrhosis Network Cohort Study