VCAM1

Summary

VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, HGNC:12663) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p21.2, encoding Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (P19320). Cell adhesion glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that plays an important role in immune surveillance and inflammation.

This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 7412 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 101 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 23 tissues, sQTL in 1 (q < 0.05)
• ChEMBL bioactivity: 1 clinical-phase molecule tested; no curated mechanism-of-action drug
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 0.84 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001078
• Interaction hub: 4,000 STRING partners (top 1% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 101 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:12663
Approved symbol	VCAM1
Name	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
Location	1p21.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CD106
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000162692
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	192225
Entrez	7412

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 10 protein_coding, 5 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

MANE Select: ENST00000294728

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000294728, ENST00000347652, ENST00000370115, ENST00000370119, ENST00000603679, ENST00000650339, ENST00000855907, ENST00000949395, ENST00000949396, ENST00000988852, ENST00001011558, ENST00001011559, ENST00001112640, ENST00001120419, ENST00001125052, ENST00001143533

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001078 NM_001078, NM_001199834, NM_080682

CCDS: CCDS55617, CCDS773, CCDS774

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000294728 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001067751	100734502	100734768
ENSE00001067753	100731198	100731518
ENSE00001067755	100723020	100723340
ENSE00001067756	100729107	100729382
ENSE00001067757	100720476	100720751
ENSE00001067758	100724624	100724890
ENSE00001067759	100732418	100732684
ENSE00001167786	100719742	100719924
ENSE00004803124	100738123	100739045

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 257 present calls, max score 99.13.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.7029 / max 910.3466, expressed in 928 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): cartilage tissue, trabecular bone tissue, parietal pleura, vena cava, tendon of biceps brachii.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

VCAM1 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 23 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 1 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 24 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	6.9e-42	-0.68	1:100725310:A:C
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	7.7e-15	-0.28	1:100725310:A:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	8.7e-10	-0.24	1:100721765:C:T
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	1.6e-07	+0.25	1:100695695:G:A
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	1.9e-07	-0.19	1:100725310:A:C
Thyroid	eqtl	2.5e-07	-0.23	1:100721765:C:T
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	6.7e-07	-0.28	1:100691849:C:T
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.2e-05	-0.19	1:100698224:G:A
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	1.3e-05	-0.23	1:100721765:C:T
Colon Transverse	eqtl	9.5e-05	+0.16	1:100589446:G:A
Pituitary	eqtl	2.2e-04	-0.27	1:100725310:A:C
Minor Salivary Gland	eqtl	4.7e-04	-0.40	1:100603549:C:T
Pancreas	eqtl	7.3e-04	+0.18	1:100669621:A:G
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	3.3e-03	-0.16	1:100525823:C:T
Brain Putamen basal ganglia	eqtl	3.7e-03	+0.27	1:100571457:G:GTGGTA
Colon Sigmoid	eqtl	7.9e-03	-0.15	1:100623936:A:C
Heart Left Ventricle	eqtl	9.8e-03	+0.20	1:100300140:T:C
Spleen	eqtl	1.3e-02	-0.17	1:101224714:A:G
Brain Caudate basal ganglia	eqtl	1.3e-02	-0.26	1:100605485:A:C
Prostate	eqtl	1.8e-02	-0.23	1:100703651:A:G

FANTOM5 promoters

1 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
4248	14.7029	928

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 287 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	99.13	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	98.99	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	98.23	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	98.08	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	98.08	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	97.98	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	97.94	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	97.91	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	97.80	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	97.38	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	97.34	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	97.21	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	97.14	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	96.63	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	96.19	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	95.41	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	95.40	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	95.16	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	95.15	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	95.05	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	94.62	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	93.36	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	93.25	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	93.20	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	93.11	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	92.76	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	92.64	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	92.43	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	92.33	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	92.26	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	91.97	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	91.96	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	91.60	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	91.52	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	91.22	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	91.11	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	91.06	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	91.00	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	90.74	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	90.62	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	90.52	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	90.11	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	89.62	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	89.59	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	88.93	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	88.84	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	88.69	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	88.53	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	88.48	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	88.39	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	88.33	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	87.90	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	87.70	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	87.29	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	87.13	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	86.37	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	86.36	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	86.18	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	85.67	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	85.59	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	85.49	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	85.42	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	85.41	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	85.31	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	85.00	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	84.87	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	84.68	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	84.59	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	84.36	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	84.18	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	83.81	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	83.55	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	83.52	silver quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	83.26	gold quality
bone element	UBERON:0001474	83.13	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	83.12	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	83.08	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	82.98	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	82.86	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	82.82	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	82.81	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	82.62	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	82.51	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	82.51	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	82.44	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	82.26	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	82.22	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	82.07	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	81.51	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	81.41	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	81.23	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	81.09	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	80.47	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	80.34	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	80.15	silver quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	79.93	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	79.60	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	79.56	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	79.43	gold quality
artery	UBERON:0001637	79.24	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 12 experiment(s), a significant marker in 11.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8322	yes	1536.75
E-MTAB-7407	yes	597.59
E-ANND-5	yes	582.58
E-GEOD-135922	yes	33.99
E-HCAD-4	yes	24.46
E-MTAB-10553	yes	23.55
E-ANND-3	yes	23.25
E-HCAD-9	yes	19.88
E-GEOD-93593	yes	14.84
E-GEOD-83139	yes	13.16
E-CURD-112	yes	11.19
E-GEOD-124858	no	807.76

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

showing 60 of 76 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Spleen	tissue	366.8	medium
Lymph node	tissue	90.1	low
Spinal cord	tissue	84.0
Tonsil	tissue	71.2	medium
Substantia nigra	tissue	69.4
Urinary bladder	tissue	67.7	not detected
Thalamus	tissue	63.7
Medulla oblongata	tissue	59.9
Midbrain	tissue	58.0
Pons	tissue	57.8
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	55.9
Superior colliculi	tissue	55.8
Kidney	tissue	55.4	high
Hypothalamus	tissue	55.1
Septum	tissue	52.9
Ovary	tissue	50.4	not detected
Corpus callosum	tissue	46.3
Hippocampal formation	tissue	42.4
Liver	tissue	40.8	not detected
Adrenal gland	tissue	40.8	not detected
Placenta	tissue	40.6	not detected
Putamen	tissue	39.3
Ventral forebrain	tissue	35.7
Amygdala	tissue	35.0
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	33.2
Cerebral cortex	tissue	33.2	not detected
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	33.1
Appendix	tissue	32.8	low
Caudate putamen	tissue	32.6
Motor cortex	tissue	32.5
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	31.5
Basal ganglia	tissue	29.7	not detected
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	29.7
Temporal cortex	tissue	29.5
Insular cortex	tissue	29.0
Gallbladder	tissue	27.7	not detected
Frontal cortex	tissue	27.4
Occipital cortex	tissue	27.0
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	26.3
Thymus	tissue	22.9
Rectum	tissue	22.1	not detected
Olfactory bulb	tissue	20.7
Adipose tissue	tissue	20.4	not detected
Parathyroid gland	tissue	17.3	not detected
Duodenum	tissue	14.5	not detected
Breast	tissue	14.1	not detected
Colon	tissue	14.0	not detected
Stomach 1	tissue	13.6	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	13.5	not detected
Pancreas	tissue	12.5	not detected
Cerebellum	tissue	11.7	not detected
Lung	tissue	10.7	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	10.3	not detected
Choroid plexus	tissue	10.3
Locus coeruleus	tissue	9.2
Prostate	tissue	9.1	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	8.8	not detected
Salivary gland	tissue	8.2	not detected
Bone marrow	tissue	7.9	not detected
Esophagus	tissue	7.2	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 189; highest nTPM — Ventral spinal cord (84.0), Dorsal spinal cord (74.1), White matter (46.3), Dorsal hippocampus (42.4), Subiculum (38.6).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, APLNR, AR, CLOCK, CREB1, EP300, EPAS1, FLCN, FOS, FOXC1, FOXO1, GATA2, GATA3, GATA4, GATA6, HDAC4, HOXA9, ID3, IKBKB, IL1B, IRF1, IRF2, IRF6, JUN, KLF4, MYC, NFATC1, NFE2L2, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKB, NFKBIA, NFKBID, NR4A3, PARP1, PGR, POU2F1, PPARA, PPARD, PPARG

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting VCAM1 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 49 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-3925-3P	100.00	69.95	1237
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-507	99.97	70.11	1915
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-557	99.96	70.01	1640
HSA-MIR-545-3P	99.95	70.74	2783
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-7845-5P	99.88	64.88	771
HSA-MIR-4503	99.85	71.45	1869
HSA-MIR-202-3P	99.84	71.41	1290
HSA-MIR-3180-5P	99.82	69.12	2422
HSA-MIR-4799-5P	99.82	70.60	2663
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-6739-5P	99.80	67.87	2806
HSA-MIR-4766-5P	99.75	69.23	2662
HSA-MIR-6733-5P	99.74	67.94	2759
HSA-MIR-12129	99.72	67.45	1311
HSA-MIR-5580-3P	99.70	69.41	2052
HSA-MIR-548AU-3P	99.70	68.22	1373
HSA-MIR-1284	99.67	73.56	1353

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 4.18e-09, LOEUF 0.837, missense Z 1.45 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000294728 — one region, missense o/e 0.91.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Premature labor is associated with up-regulation of adhesion molecules in the lower uterine segment (PMID:11776680)
• Soluble VCAM-1 is a very early marker of endothelial cell activation in cardiopulmonary bypass. (PMID:11817523)
• significant increase in plasma levels between day 1 and day 5 of G-CSF-induced stem cell mobilization; possible effect on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions (PMID:11847011)
• Testosterone attenuates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by conversion to estradiol by aromatase in endothelial cells: implications in atherosclerosis (PMID:11904449)
• Elevated soluble CD40 ligand is related to the endothelial adhesion molecules in patients with acute coronary syndrome. (PMID:11922919)
• Human mast cell progenitors use alpha4-integrin, VCAM-1, and PSGL-1, E-selectin for adhesive interactions with human vascular endothelium under flow conditions (PMID:11929779)
• relation between glycemic control, hyperinsulinism and plasma concentration in patients with glucosse intolerance or NIDDM (PMID:11935152)
• Results suggest that exogenous NO inhibits VCAM-1 expression via suppression of NF-kappaB through a cGMP-independent pathway. (PMID:11961404)
• women with stage III and IV endometriosis had higher serum concentrations of soluble VCAM-1, lower serum concentration of soluble ICAM-1 (PMID:11963839)
• The tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated redox-sensitive vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 selective signaling pathway in endothelial cells depends upon isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase as a critical component. (PMID:12006387)
• During leukocyte adhesion VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and activated moesin and ezrin clustered in an endothelial actin-rich docking structure that anchored and partially embraced the leukocyte containing other cytoskeletal components (PMID:12082081)
• the preferential expression of VCAM-1 on the endothelium of femoral and iliac arteries in thromboangiitis obliterans (PMID:12086338)
• VCAM-1/alpha4 integrin interactions mediate monocyte adhesion to human saphenous vein (PMID:12097820)
• signal transduction pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast interleukin-18-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression (PMID:12105209)
• VCAM-1 expression via effects on interferon regulatory factor-1 expression and activity (PMID:12115600)
• E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured in serum from hypertensive patients with LV hypertrophy (PMID:12172318)
• Downregulation of vcam-1 is associated with nodal metastasis in breast cancer (PMID:12172576)
• Synchronized human hematopoietic progenitor cell adhesion fluctuates reversibly during cell cycle transit in ex vivo culture (PMID:12351381)
• induction by tumor necrosis factor alpha (PMID:12387879)
• Of the 10 candidate SNPs analyzed in this pilot study, the variant allele of the nonsynonymous SNP, VCAM1 G1238C, may be associated with protection from stroke. (PMID:12393616)
• Relationship between pathological changes and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the placenta of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (PMID:12433638)
• VCAM1 stimulation by thrombin in endothelial cells is mediated by protein kinase C-delta-NF-kappa B and PKC-zeta-GATA signaling pathways (PMID:12493764)
• VCAM1 expression is induced by p38-mediated TNFalpha and suppressed by JNK in human cells (PMID:12587980)
• In adults with sickle cell disease, steady-state serum sVCAM-1 levels do not seem to reflect clinical disease severity, but may reflect bone marrow activity in SCD, underlying the pleiotropic nature of adhesion molecules in vivo. (PMID:12601490)
• Strongly expressed in histological type II of rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:12643440)
• Crosslinking of CD44 on osteoblastic cells with specific antibodies augmented the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 (PMID:12650924)
• Endothelial cells have increased expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 when exposed to sickle blood cells. (PMID:12673844)
• VCAM-1-induced, Rac-dependent signaling plays a key role in the modulation of vascular-endothelial cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell adhesion and leukocyte extravasation. (PMID:12700137)
• regulation of expression in osteoblasts by interleukin 13 (PMID:12704784)
• a novel role for the P2Y2 receptor in the p38- and Rho kinase-dependent expression of VCAM-1 that mediates the recruitment of monocytes by vascular endothelium associated with the development of atherosclerosis (PMID:12714597)
• Soluble VCAM-1 markedly enhances phosphorylation of both p38 and focal adhesion kinase, but not ERK1/2, in endothelial cells, endothelial cell migration activity in vitro, and neovascularization in Matrigel in vivo. (PMID:12759453)
• Extravasated and oxidized LDL in xanthoma adds to foam cell recruitment by activating tyrosine kinase and inducing adhesion of monocytes to dermal microvascular endothelial cells through VCAM-1 and E-selectin. (PMID:12788528)
• Blood levels do not differ in normal and coronary artery disease patients. (PMID:12940514)
• During infusion of triacylglycerol, PAI-1 increased to approximately 2.6 fold higher levels while tPA and adipsin were unaffected; changes in sVCAM-1 were significantly correlated with those seen for PAI-1. (PMID:12958610)
• presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in placental villi is specific to developmental stage, and it is decreased in fetal growth restriction which could be attributed to the uteroplacental deficiency (PMID:12969778)
• Adrenomedullin and ACTH induce cell surface expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (PMID:14534081)
• 11,12-EET analogues were synthesized and compared using a human endothelial cell based TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression assay. (PMID:14592496)
• Novel androgen receptor/NF-kappaB mediated mechanism for VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion operating in male endothelial cells that may represent an important unrecognized mechanism for the male predisposition to atherosclerosis. (PMID:14684616)
• study demonstrates that overexpression of RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inhibiting the NF-B signaling pathway (PMID:14741380)
• sVCAM-1 was associated with dengue disease severity and the time post infection; a significant difference was found in the plasma levels of sVCAM-1 between dengue shock syndrome and dengue fever patients (PMID:14748068)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	vcam1b	ENSDARG00000062479
mus_musculus	Vcam1	ENSMUSG00000027962
rattus_norvegicus	Vcam1	ENSRNOG00000014333
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00007736
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011418

Paralogs (36): CNTN1 (ENSG00000018236), CDON (ENSG00000064309), NEO1 (ENSG00000067141), SDK2 (ENSG00000069188), IGSF9B (ENSG00000080854), IGSF9 (ENSG00000085552), NRCAM (ENSG00000091129), MXRA5 (ENSG00000101825), IGDCC4 (ENSG00000103742), CNTN3 (ENSG00000113805), IGSF21 (ENSG00000117154), CNTN6 (ENSG00000134115), CHL1 (ENSG00000134121), PTPRQ (ENSG00000139304), CNTN4 (ENSG00000144619), BOC (ENSG00000144857), SDK1 (ENSG00000146555), HMCN2 (ENSG00000148357), NCAM1 (ENSG00000149294), CNTN5 (ENSG00000149972), IGSF10 (ENSG00000152580), ROBO4 (ENSG00000154133), ROBO3 (ENSG00000154134), NCAM2 (ENSG00000154654), NFASC (ENSG00000163531), PRTG (ENSG00000166450), ROBO1 (ENSG00000169855), DSCAM (ENSG00000171587), IGDCC3 (ENSG00000174498), VSIG10 (ENSG00000176834), DSCAML1 (ENSG00000177103), CNTN2 (ENSG00000184144), ROBO2 (ENSG00000185008), VSIG10L (ENSG00000186806), DCC (ENSG00000187323), L1CAM (ENSG00000198910)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:98926) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 44 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
increased leukocyte cell number	3
decreased bone marrow cell number	3
abnormal interventricular septum morphology	2
decreased embryo size	2
disorganized myocardium	2
abnormal bone marrow cell morphology/development	2
abnormal blood cell morphology/development	2
abnormal chorioallantoic fusion	2
increased B cell number	2
decreased B cell number	2
pericardial effusion	2
increased immature B cell number	2
thin ventricle myocardium compact layer	2
embryonic lethality during organogenesis, complete penetrance	2
increased monocyte cell number	1
spleen hyperplasia	1
decreased body weight	1
abnormal allantois morphology	1
abnormal humoral immune response	1
postnatal lethality	1
abnormal extraembryonic tissue morphology	1
abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	1
abnormal epicardium morphology	1
abnormal lymphocyte physiology	1
abnormal CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell physiology	1

+19 more (showing top 25).

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Canis lupus familiaris	Q28260	81.1%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q29RR6	75.2%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	Q03696	50.0%	Diamond
Drosophila melanogaster	Q9I7U4	37.4%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
LINC01349	ncRNA	100128787
DPH5-DT	ncRNA	102606465
SLC30A7	protein-coding	148867
EXTL2	protein-coding	2135
DPH5	protein-coding	51611

Protein

Protein identifiers

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 — P19320 (reviewed: P19320)

Alternative names: INCAM-100

All UniProt accessions (3): P19320, A0A3B3ISS8, E9PDD2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cell adhesion glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that plays an important role in immune surveillance and inflammation. Acts as a major regulator of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium through interaction with different types of integrins. During inflammatory responses, binds ligands on the surface of activated endothelial cells to initiate the activation of calcium channels and the plasma membrane-associated small GTPase RAC1 leading to leukocyte transendothelial migration. Also serves as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing a ‘don’t-eat-me’ stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I presentation.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed on inflamed vascular endothelium, as well as on macrophage-like and dendritic cell types in both normal and inflamed tissue.

Post-translational modifications. Cleaved by the metalloproteinase ADAM17 to generate the soluble form. Sialoglycoprotein. Ubiquitinated by TRIM65 via ‘Lys-48’-linked ubiquitination; leading to proteasomal degradation.

Domain organisation. Either the first or the fourth Ig-like C2-type domain is required for VLA4-dependent cell adhesion.

Induction. By pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFalpha, and also by ROS, oxidized low density lipoprotein, high glucose concentration, toll-like receptor agonists, and shear stress.

Miscellaneous. Major isoform.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P19320-1	1, Long, VCAM-7D	yes
P19320-2	2, Short, VCAM-6D
P19320-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001069, NP_001186763, NP_542413 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR003987	ICAM_VCAM_N	Domain
IPR003989	VCAM-1	Family
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR008424	Ig_C2-set	Domain
IPR013098	Ig_I-set	Domain
IPR013106	Ig_V-set	Domain
IPR013151	Immunoglobulin_dom	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR047012	ICAM_VCAM	Family

Pfam: PF00047, PF05790, PF07679, PF13927

UniProt features (57 total): strand 15, domain 7, sequence variant 7, glycosylation site 6, disulfide bond 6, sequence conflict 3, helix 3, chain 2, splice variant 2, topological domain 2, mutagenesis site 2, signal peptide 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
1VCA	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AN INTEGRIN-BINDING FRAGMENT OF VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE-1 AT …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
1VSC	VCAM-1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
1IJ9	Highly Hydrated Human VCAM-1 Fragment	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P19320-F1	84.24	0.50

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: CD markers, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, Plasma proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cell junctions

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (6)

Type	Positions
Disulfide bond	47–95, 52–99, 137–195, 246–291, 335–383, 534–579

Glycosylation sites (6)

Type	Positions
N-linked (glcnac…) asparagine	273, 365, 417, 463, 531, 561

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2)

Position	Phenotype
730	loss of rac1 activation and subsequent leukocyte transmigration.
737	loss of rac1 activation and subsequent leukocyte transmigration.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 curated (TAS) of 11; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

11 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-198933	Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell	curated
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions	curated
R-HSA-877300	Interferon gamma signaling	curated
R-HSA-6785807	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling	curated
R-HSA-1280218	Adaptive Immune System	—
R-HSA-9938027	Affinity selection of immunoglobulins	electronic
R-HSA-1280215	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	—
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization	—
R-HSA-168256	Immune System	—
R-HSA-913531	Interferon Signaling	—
R-HSA-449147	Signaling by Interleukins	—

MSigDB gene sets: 416 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_BCELL_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ETHANOL, BERENJENO_ROCK_SIGNALING_NOT_VIA_RHOA_DN, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_IONIZING_RADIATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ZINC_ION, GOBP_HETEROPHILIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, GOBP_CELL_CHEMOTAXIS, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE

GO Biological Process (27): response to hypoxia (GO:0001666), chronic inflammatory response (GO:0002544), inflammatory response (GO:0006954), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), heterophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007157), leukocyte cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007159), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), response to nutrient (GO:0007584), amine metabolic process (GO:0009308), response to zinc ion (GO:0010043), response to ionizing radiation (GO:0010212), membrane to membrane docking (GO:0022614), B cell differentiation (GO:0030183), response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0032496), cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin (GO:0033631), heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034113), response to nicotine (GO:0035094), cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus (GO:0035924), positive regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042102), response to ethanol (GO:0045471), leukocyte tethering or rolling (GO:0050901), cell chemotaxis (GO:0060326), innervation (GO:0060384), cardiac neuron differentiation (GO:0060945), cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (GO:0071356), cellular response to amyloid-beta (GO:1904646), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609)

GO Molecular Function (4): integrin binding (GO:0005178), primary methylamine oxidase activity (GO:0008131), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), cell adhesion mediator activity (GO:0098631)

GO Cellular Component (15): podosome (GO:0002102), early endosome (GO:0005769), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), microvillus (GO:0005902), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), filopodium (GO:0030175), sarcolemma (GO:0042383), apical part of cell (GO:0045177), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex (GO:0071065), extracellular region (GO:0005576), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

7 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Immune System	2
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	2
Adaptive Immune System	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Signaling by Interleukins	1
Interferon Signaling	1
Immunoglobulin maturation	1

GO top-level categories

45 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
cell-cell adhesion	4
cellular anatomical structure	4
actin-based cell projection	3
response to chemical	2
cell adhesion molecule binding	2
cytoplasm	2
endomembrane system	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
plasma membrane	2
response to stress	1
response to decreased oxygen levels	1
inflammatory response	1
defense response	1
cellular process	1
cell-substrate adhesion	1
response to nutrient levels	1
metabolic process	1
response to metal ion	1
response to radiation	1
membrane docking	1
lymphocyte differentiation	1
B cell activation	1
response to molecule of bacterial origin	1
response to lipid	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
cell adhesion mediated by integrin	1
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	1
T cell proliferation	1
regulation of T cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	1
positive regulation of T cell activation	1
response to alcohol	1
signaling receptor binding	1
protein-containing complex binding	1
monoamine oxidase activity	1
protein binding	1
cell adhesion	1
endosome	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
actin filament bundle	1
cell surface	1
side of membrane	1
extracellular vesicle	1
plasma membrane protein complex	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 27 of 47 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

27 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
amine metabolic process	BP	direct assay
cell adhesion	BP	direct assay
cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin	BP	genetic interaction
cell-matrix adhesion	BP	direct assay
cellular response to amyloid-beta	BP	genetic interaction
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion	BP	direct assay
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	BP	genetic interaction
inflammatory response	BP	direct assay
leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	BP	direct assay
leukocyte tethering or rolling	BP	direct assay
membrane to membrane docking	BP	expression pattern
positive regulation of T cell proliferation	BP	direct assay
Golgi apparatus	CC	direct assay
alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex	CC	direct assay
apical part of cell	CC	direct assay
cell surface	CC	direct assay
early endosome	CC	direct assay
endoplasmic reticulum	CC	direct assay
external side of plasma membrane	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
filopodium	CC	direct assay
microvillus	CC	direct assay
podosome	CC	direct assay
cell adhesion mediator activity	MF	direct assay
cell adhesion molecule binding	MF	direct assay
integrin binding	MF	direct assay
primary methylamine oxidase activity	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 4,000 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
VCAM1	ICAM1	P05362	978
VCAM1	SELE	P16111	946
VCAM1	SELP	P16109	914
VCAM1	TNF	P01375	909
VCAM1	IL6	P05231	898
VCAM1	CCL2	P13500	867
VCAM1	IL1B	P01584	867
VCAM1	IFNG	P01579	832
VCAM1	IL1A	P01583	829
VCAM1	ITGA4	P13612	820
VCAM1	ITGB2	P05107	819
VCAM1	ITGB1	P05556	806
VCAM1	VWF	P04275	801
VCAM1	NFKB1	P19838	791
VCAM1	IL4	P05112	790

IntAct

Human interaction partners of VCAM1 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

5 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
ITGB1	association	0.660	3
PSMD11	association	0.530	1
APOA1	association	0.350	1
ATP1A3	association	0.350	1
ATP2A1	association	0.350	1

BioGRID (494 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): MSN (Affinity Capture-Western; 4 records), TRIM65 (Affinity Capture-Western; 3 records), ACTB (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), BCS1L (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), EZR (Affinity Capture-Western; 2 records), ITGA4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), LGALS1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), NCL (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), PARP1 (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), PODXL2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), PRKDC (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), SEMA4D (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), TUBA4A (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), VCP (Affinity Capture-Western; 2 records), VDAC1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records)

SIGNOR signaling

3 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
VCAM1	“up-regulates activity”	“A4/b1 integrin”	binding
“AD/b2 integrin”	“up-regulates activity”	VCAM1	binding
hsa-mir-126-5p	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	VCAM1	“post transcriptional regulation”

Protein complexes (CORUM) (3)

Experimentally-characterized complexes this protein is a subunit of (★ = the complex contains a known drug target).

3 complexes by size:

Complex	Subunits	Members
★ ITGA4-ITGB1-VCAM1 complex	3	ITGA4, ITGB1, VCAM1
★ ITGA9-ITGB1-VCAM1 complex	3	ITGB1, VCAM1, ITGA9
★ ITGA4-ITGAB7-VCAM1 complex	3	ITGB7, VCAM1, ITGA4

Ligand–receptor pairs (CellPhoneDB) (4)

Curated ligand–receptor partners (cell-cell communication), distinct from the protein–protein interactions above.

4 ligand–receptor pairs:

Partner	This gene’s role	Signaling class
ITGB2;ITGAD	ligand	Adhesion by VCAM
ITGB1;ITGA9	ligand	Adhesion by VCAM
ITGB7;ITGA4	ligand	Adhesion by VCAM
ITGB1;ITGA4	ligand	Adhesion by VCAM

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for VCAM1: 101 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 8 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

101 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	81
Likely benign	13
Benign	1

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 41 predictions of 687):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
1:100734769–100734770	donor_loss	1.0000	5
1:100720474–100720475	acceptor_loss	0.9900	4
1:100723214	donor_gain	0.9900
1:100723341–100723342	donor_loss	0.9900	6
1:100723345	donor_loss	0.9900
1:100724622–100724623	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6
1:100729095	acceptor_gain	0.9900
1:100731196–100731197	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6
1:100731519–100731520	donor_loss	0.9900	5
1:100734500–100734501	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6

AlphaMissense

577 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 4,860 scored), across 200 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
C95	7	0.969	0.990
W59	7	0.961	0.994
C291	7	0.956	0.981
C47	7	0.954	0.979
W347	7	0.945	0.989
C483	7	0.942	0.977
C579	7	0.941	0.972
C195	7	0.938	0.979
C425	7	0.938	0.968
C246	7	0.933	0.979
C668	7	0.931	0.977
C137	7	0.930	0.986
C623	7	0.929	0.970
W258	7	0.914	0.982
C534	7	0.904	0.967
C383	7	0.897	0.960
C335	7	0.891	0.964
C52	7	0.872	0.924
C99	7	0.820	0.888
C340	7	0.796	0.863

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Group enriched (Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma, Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

2 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000186
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000257

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:192225 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

8 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST009597_229	Multiple sclerosis	1e-22
GCST005531_104	Multiple sclerosis	2e-16
GCST90002388_492	Lymphocyte count	3e-13
GCST001198_27	Multiple sclerosis	3e-10
GCST90002389_341	Lymphocyte percentage of white cells	1e-9
GCST90002399_94	Neutrophil percentage of white cells	6e-9
GCST001198_77	Multiple sclerosis	4e-8
GCST005532_3	Sjögren’s syndrome	4e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

3 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004587	lymphocyte count
EFO:0007993	lymphocyte percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0007990	neutrophil percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3735 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

Phase ≥1, by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 251 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

1 molecules by phase:

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL83626	SUCCINOBUCOL	3	251

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

206 measured of 228 human assays (229 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
4-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	0.7 nM
4-(4-Vinyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	1 nM
4-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	2 nM
4-[4-(Tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	2 nM
4-(4-Cyano-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	2.8 nM
4-{4-[2-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxymethyl]-phenoxy}-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	4 nM
4-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	4 nM
4-(4-Pyrazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	4 nM
4-(4-Bromo-phenylsulfanyl)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	5 nM
4-(4-Thiophen-2-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	5 nM
4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	5 nM
4-(4-Furan-2-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	5 nM
4-{4-[2-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxymethyl]-phenoxy}-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	5 nM
4-(4-Cyano-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	5.1 nM
4-p-Tolyloxy-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	6 nM
4-(4-Iodo-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	6 nM
4-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	6 nM
4-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	6.2 nM
4-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	7 nM
4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	7 nM
4-(4-Chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	8 nM
4-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	8.2 nM
4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	9 nM
4-(4-Chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	12 nM
(2S)-2-[[2,6-difluoro-4-[[5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-pyridinyl]sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino]-3-[4-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4aH-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid	IC50	13 nM	US-9533985: Sulfonamide derivative and medicinal use thereof
4-(3,4-Dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	13 nM
4-[4-(N-Hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	13 nM
4-(4-Methoxymethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	13 nM
4-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethylamide	IC50	16 nM
4-(4-Methoxymethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	16 nM
(2S)-2-[[2,6-difluoro-4-[(5-pyrimidin-5-yl-2-pyridinyl)sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino]-3-[4-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid	IC50	18 nM	US-9533985: Sulfonamide derivative and medicinal use thereof
4-(4-Cyano-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	18 nM
4-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	19 nM
4-Phenylsulfanyl-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	20 nM
4-(2-Carbamoyl-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-benzoic acid ethyl ester	IC50	20 nM
4-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	21 nM
(2S)-2-[[2,6-difluoro-4-[[5-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-pyridinyl]sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino]-3-[4-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4aH-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid	IC50	22 nM	US-9533985: Sulfonamide derivative and medicinal use thereof
(2S)-2-[[2,6-difluoro-4-[[5-(triazol-1-yl)-2-pyridinyl]sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino]-3-[4-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid	IC50	22 nM	US-9533985: Sulfonamide derivative and medicinal use thereof
4-(4-Hydroxymethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	25 nM
4-[4-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propenyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	25 nM
4-(4-Methoxy-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	25 nM
4-(4-Hydroxymethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	28 nM
4-[4-(5-Trifluoromethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	28 nM
4-(4-Acetylamino-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	29 nM
4-(4-Ethyl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	30 nM
(2S)-2-[[2,6-difluoro-4-[[4-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl]sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino]-3-[4-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4aH-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid	IC50	31 nM	US-9533985: Sulfonamide derivative and medicinal use thereof
4-[4-(1-Hydroxymethyl-cyclopropyl)-phenoxy]-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	31 nM
4-p-Tolylsulfanyl-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide	IC50	32 nM
4-{4-[2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethylcarbamoyl)-vinyl]-phenoxy}-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide	IC50	34 nM
4-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide	IC50	35 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

68 potent at pChembl≥5 of 107 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.30	IC50	5	nM	CHEMBL119039
8.22	IC50	6	nM	CHEMBL117894
8.15	IC50	7	nM	CHEMBL116070
8.10	IC50	8	nM	CHEMBL116070
7.77	IC50	17	nM	CHEMBL326120
7.72	IC50	19	nM	CHEMBL325184
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL117279
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL116070
7.64	IC50	23	nM	CHEMBL119183
7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL117279
7.32	IC50	48	nM	CHEMBL116070
7.19	IC50	64	nM	CHEMBL117936
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL118074
7.13	IC50	74	nM	CHEMBL118089
7.10	IC50	79	nM	CHEMBL115637
7.07	IC50	85	nM	CHEMBL117198
7.04	IC50	91	nM	CHEMBL115971
6.92	IC50	120	nM	CHEMBL117279
6.89	IC50	130	nM	CHEMBL324133
6.85	IC50	140	nM	CHEMBL119732
6.77	IC50	170	nM	CHEMBL115431
6.76	IC50	175	nM	CHEMBL6248
6.72	IC50	191	nM	CHEMBL118022
6.70	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL118074
6.62	IC50	240	nM	CHEMBL119705
6.48	IC50	330	nM	CHEMBL119599
6.43	IC50	370	nM	CHEMBL118300
6.38	IC50	420	nM	CHEMBL115960
6.33	IC50	470	nM	CHEMBL324824
6.11	IC50	770	nM	CHEMBL6830
6.11	IC50	780	nM	CHEMBL325286
6.07	IC50	850	nM	CHEMBL325893
6.06	IC50	880	nM	CHEMBL119523
6.03	IC50	930	nM	CHEMBL115462
5.89	IC50	1300	nM	CHEMBL6257
5.68	IC50	2100	nM	CHEMBL266572
5.64	IC50	2300	nM	CHEMBL266197
5.60	IC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL4166467
5.60	IC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL6229
5.57	IC50	2700	nM	CHEMBL6371
5.52	IC50	3000	nM	CHEMBL53269
5.46	IC50	3500	nM	CHEMBL267127
5.46	IC50	3500	nM	CHEMBL6249
5.41	IC50	3900	nM	CHEMBL118518
5.40	IC50	4000	nM	CHEMBL298775
5.35	IC50	4500	nM	CHEMBL4166036
5.30	IC50	5000	nM	CHEMBL53082
5.30	IC50	5000	nM	CHEMBL52799
5.30	IC50	5000	nM	CHEMBL51654
5.30	IC50	5000	nM	CHEMBL53475

PubChem BioAssay actives

68 with measured affinity, of 212 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
N-methyl-4-(4-pyrazol-1-ylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0050	uM
N-methyl-4-(4-thiophen-2-ylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0060	uM
4-(4-bromophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216486: In vitro inhibitory potency compared to IL1-beta induced VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells (ELISA assay)	ic50	0.0070	uM
4-(4-imidazol-1-ylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0170	uM
4-(4-imidazol-1-ylphenoxy)-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0190	uM
4-[4-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]phenoxy]-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216486: In vitro inhibitory potency compared to IL1-beta induced VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells (ELISA assay)	ic50	0.0200	uM
4-[4-(methoxymethyl)phenoxy]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0230	uM
4-(4-aminophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0640	uM
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216485: In vitro inhibitory potency compared to IL1-beta induced VCAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells (ELISA assay)	ic50	0.0700	uM
4-[4-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]phenoxy]-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0740	uM
N-methyl-4-(4-phenylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0790	uM
4-(4-cyanophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0850	uM
4-(4-cyanophenoxy)-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.0910	uM
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N,N-dimethylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.1300	uM
4-(4-ethylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.1400	uM
4-[4-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-1,1-difluoroethyl]phenoxy]-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.1700	uM
5-methoxy-3-propan-2-yloxy-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	0.1750	uM
4-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.1910	uM
N-methyl-4-[4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.2400	uM
4-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.3300	uM
N-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.3700	uM
4-[4-[1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]cyclopropyl]phenoxy]-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.4200	uM
4-[4-(1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-N-methylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.4700	uM
4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	0.7700	uM
4-(2-prop-2-enylphenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.7800	uM
4-(3-chlorophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.8500	uM
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.8800	uM
4-[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)phenoxy]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	0.9300	uM
4-chlorothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	1.3000	uM
4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	2.1000	uM
2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylthieno[2,3-c]pyridine	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	2.3000	uM
2-[3-(10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazin-8-ylmethyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl]acetic acid	1508013: Inhibition of VCAM1 (unknown origin)	ic50	2.5000	uM
5-(6-ethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	2.5000	uM
[4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylthieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-phenylmethanone	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	2.7000	uM
4-chloro-N,N-diethyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	3.0000	uM
(E)-1-[4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylthieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-N-phenoxymethanimine	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	3.5000	uM
6-ethyl-4-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine	216491: In vitro potency against TNF alpha induced expression of VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells using CAM ELISA assay	ic50	3.5000	uM
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide	216483: Inhibition of VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells	ic50	3.9000	uM
1-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonylpyrrolidine	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	4.0000	uM
8-[[4-(dimethylsulfamoylamino)piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine	1508013: Inhibition of VCAM1 (unknown origin)	ic50	4.5000	uM
bis(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)methanone	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	5.0000	uM
4-chloro-N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	5.0000	uM
methyl 4-methylsulfonyl-3-nitrobenzoate	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	5.0000	uM
4-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	5.0000	uM
4-[2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropan-2-ylsulfanyl]phenoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid	216494: Inhibition of TNF-alpha inducible Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression.	ic50	6.0000	uM
4-chloro-N-[3-[(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl-methylamino]propyl]-N-methyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	6.0000	uM
4-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl-3-nitro-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	7.0000	uM
4-chloro-3-nitro-N,N-dipentylbenzenesulfonamide	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	7.0000	uM
1-fluoro-4-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl-2-nitrobenzene	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	7.0000	uM
1-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl-4-methylpiperazine	216481: Ability to inhibit expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	ic50	8.0000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

330 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, increases reaction, increases secretion, affects reaction, decreases reaction	18
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases abundance, affects expression (+1 more)	12
Vehicle Emissions	increases expression, increases reaction, affects expression, decreases expression, decreases reaction (+1 more)	9
Glucose	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases secretion	8
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases expression	8
Simvastatin	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction	8
Quercetin	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	6
bisphenol A	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression	5
3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile	increases reaction, increases abundance, decreases reaction, increases expression, affects binding	5
lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli O111 B4	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects reaction	5
Resveratrol	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	5
Acetylcysteine	decreases reaction, increases expression	5
Hydrogen Peroxide	decreases reaction, increases secretion, increases expression, decreases expression	5
Ascorbic Acid	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction, decreases expression	4
Plant Extracts	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression	4
titanium dioxide	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
acetovanillone	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
SB 203580	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment	3
Air Pollutants	increases expression, affects reaction, affects expression	3
Arsenic	increases expression, increases secretion	3
Dexamethasone	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	3
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Ethinyl Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases reaction	3
Formaldehyde	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Hydrocortisone	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction	3
Sulfasalazine	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	3
Smoke	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Soot	increases expression	3

ChEMBL screening assays

16 unique, capped per target: 15 binding, 1 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1176151	Binding	Inhibition of VCAM1 in TNF-alpha/IL4-stimulated HUVEC assessed as inhibition of cell adhesion between HUVEC and Ramos cells at 8 uM after 20 hrs incubation relative to untreated control	Symbiopolyol, a VCAM-1 inhibitor from a symbiotic dinoflagellate of the jellyfish Mastigias papua. — *J Nat Prod*
CHEMBL815903	Functional	Inhibition of TNF-alpha inducible Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression.	Novel phenolic antioxidants as multifunctional inhibitors of inducible VCAM-1 expression for use in atherosclerosis. — *Bioorg Med Chem Lett*

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1IG	Abcam A-549 VCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for VCAM1 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.