VGLL1

Summary

VGLL1 (vestigial like family member 1, HGNC:20985) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xq26.3, encoding Transcription cofactor vestigial-like protein 1 (Q99990). May act as a specific coactivator for the mammalian TEFs.

The protein encoded by this gene binds proteins of the TEA domain family of transcription factors (TEFs) through the Vg (vestigial) homology region found in its N-terminus. It may thus function as a specific coactivator for the mammalian TEFs.

Source: NCBI Gene 51442 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 58 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 5 tissues, sQTL in 0 (q < 0.05)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016267
• Notable: 58 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20985
Approved symbol	VGLL1
Name	vestigial like family member 1
Location	Xq26.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	TONDU, TDU
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000102243
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300583
Entrez	51442

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 9 — 8 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000370634

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 1, TSL 3: 2

ENST00000370634, ENST00000440515, ENST00000456412, ENST00000470358, ENST00000872080, ENST00000872081, ENST00000872082, ENST00001090914, ENST00001132255

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_016267 NM_016267

CCDS: CCDS14658

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000370634 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000677012	136548589	136549008
ENSE00000677013	136550768	136550821
ENSE00001029091	136532215	136532296
ENSE00001453195	136535996	136536234
ENSE00003843261	136556451	136556799

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 93 present calls, max score 97.66.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 3.3478 / max 888.3249, expressed in 210 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): placenta, amniotic fluid, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, palpebral conjunctiva, urinary bladder.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

VGLL1 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 5 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 0 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

5 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	2.0e-04	+0.34	X:136528693:T:C
Lung	eqtl	1.2e-02	-0.40	X:135922481:A:G
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	2.2e-02	+0.35	X:135614712:G:A
Prostate	eqtl	2.5e-02	+0.23	X:137273454:C:T
Stomach	eqtl	3.6e-02	-0.19	X:136320128:G:C

FANTOM5 promoters

7 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
197706	2.2455	172
197703	0.4683	75
197707	0.2906	66
197704	0.1807	48
197705	0.1230	46
197708	0.0240	5
197709	0.0158	6

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 252 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	97.66	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	95.17	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.15	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	88.04	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	75.30	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	75.18	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	74.02	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	71.90	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	71.73	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	69.26	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	68.86	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	68.83	silver quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	66.41	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	66.23	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	66.12	silver quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	65.57	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	64.33	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	64.11	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	62.14	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	61.96	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	61.32	silver quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	59.95	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	59.90	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	59.02	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	58.82	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	58.49	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	58.33	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	58.18	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	58.14	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	58.11	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	58.11	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	58.07	silver quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	58.02	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	58.01	silver quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	57.97	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	57.75	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	57.66	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	56.91	silver quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	56.91	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	56.70	silver quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	56.54	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	56.42	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	56.04	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	55.98	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	55.79	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	55.79	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	55.62	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	55.59	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	54.77	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	54.22	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	54.12	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	54.03	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	53.97	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	53.66	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	53.33	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	53.22	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	53.06	silver quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	52.85	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	52.22	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	51.91	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	51.59	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	51.49	silver quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	51.48	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	51.07	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	50.74	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	50.74	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	50.71	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	50.53	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	50.52	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	50.41	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	50.26	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	50.18	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	50.10	silver quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	50.01	silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.94	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	49.82	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	49.72	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	49.57	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	49.39	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	48.89	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	48.79	silver quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	48.64	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	48.47	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	48.24	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	48.20	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	48.06	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	47.92	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	47.92	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	47.90	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	47.75	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	47.74	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	47.60	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701	yes	1313.31
E-MTAB-10018	yes	360.84
E-MTAB-3929	yes	196.62
E-HCAD-10	yes	13.42
E-ANND-3	yes	6.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

25 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Placenta	tissue	191.5	medium
Urinary bladder	tissue	21.2	not detected
Seminal vesicle	tissue	6.3	not detected
Kidney	tissue	3.5	not detected
Breast	tissue	2.1	not detected
Lung	tissue	2.0	not detected
Salivary gland	tissue	1.6	not detected
Vagina	tissue	1.5	not detected
Pituitary gland	tissue	1.4
Pancreas	tissue	1.4	not detected
Prostate	tissue	1.2	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	1.2	not detected
Tonsil	tissue	1.1	not detected
Stomach 1	tissue	0.8	not detected
Esophagus	tissue	0.7	not detected
Adipose tissue	tissue	0.6	not detected
Gallbladder	tissue	0.5	not detected
Epididymis	tissue	0.4	not detected
Duodenum	tissue	0.2	not detected
Thymus	tissue	0.2
Heart muscle	tissue	0.1	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	0.1	not detected
Spleen	tissue	0.1	not detected
Liver	tissue	0.1	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	0.1	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 16; highest nTPM — Ventromedial nucleus (0.2), Angular gyrus (0.1), Area striata (white matter) (0.1), Dentate gyrus (0.1), Frontal eye field (0.1).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting VGLL1 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

26 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-3150A-3P	99.76	64.44	1640
HSA-MIR-6763-5P	99.76	64.68	1767
HSA-MIR-548AV-5P	99.60	70.84	2107
HSA-MIR-548K	99.60	70.84	2107
HSA-MIR-4328	99.57	71.06	4094
HSA-MIR-12123	99.52	71.79	2990
HSA-MIR-4672	99.50	71.58	2893
HSA-MIR-8054	99.48	70.81	2084
HSA-MIR-3612	99.45	66.02	1333
HSA-MIR-650	99.45	65.77	1309
HSA-MIR-452-3P	99.01	66.25	1241
HSA-MIR-619-5P	98.57	64.97	1988
HSA-MIR-3670	97.88	64.39	763
HSA-MIR-4314	97.50	67.30	1369
HSA-MIR-431-5P	96.16	66.50	652
HSA-MIR-2277-3P	91.94	62.27	299

Functional genomics

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000370634 — one region, missense o/e 0.98.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

• VGLL1 expression is associated with a triple-negative basal-like phenotype in breast cancer (PMID:24891455)
• Novel EWSR1-VGLL1 fusion in a pediatric neuroepithelial neoplasm. (PMID:31925773)
• A new perspective on the interaction between the Vg/VGLL1-3 proteins and the TEAD transcription factors. (PMID:33060790)
• VGLL1 phosphorylation and activation promotes gastric cancer malignancy via TGF-beta/ERK/RSK2 signaling. (PMID:33069758)
• Vestigial-like 1 is a shared targetable cancer-placenta antigen expressed by pancreatic and basal-like breast cancers. (PMID:33087697)
• Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1): An ancient co-transcriptional activator linking wing, placenta, and tumor development. (PMID:37004960)
• VGLL1 cooperates with TEAD4 to control human trophectoderm lineage specification. (PMID:38233381)
• VGLL1 stabilization of cytoplasmic TAZ promotes EGFR expression and maintains tumor initiating cells in breast cancer independent of TEAD. (PMID:38417636)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Vgll1	ENSMUSG00000031131
drosophila_melanogaster	vg	FBGN0003975

Paralogs (2): VGLL2 (ENSG00000170162), VGLL3 (ENSG00000206538)

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
LINC00892	ncRNA	100128420
HTATSF1	protein-coding	27336
BRS3	protein-coding	680
MIR934	ncRNA	100126324
ARHGEF6	protein-coding	9459
CD40LG	protein-coding	959
ADGRG4	protein-coding	139378

Protein

Protein identifiers

Transcription cofactor vestigial-like protein 1 — Q99990 (reviewed: Q99990)

Alternative names: Protein TONDU

All UniProt accessions (3): H0Y5G3, Q5H916, Q99990

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May act as a specific coactivator for the mammalian TEFs.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with TEFs.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Similarity. Belongs to the vestigial family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_057351* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006627	TDU_repeat	Repeat
IPR011520	Vg_fam	Family

Pfam: PF07545

UniProt features (5 total): compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q99990-F1	57.78	0.13

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): nucleoplasm

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH supported · IF supported

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 0; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

MSigDB gene sets: 70 (showing top): NKX25_02, MODULE_545, ONDER_CDH1_TARGETS_3_DN, FINAK_BREAST_CANCER_SDPP_SIGNATURE, BRN2_01, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_A_DN, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_UP, GNF2_KISS1, BENPORATH_ES_CORE_NINE_CORRELATED, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_RELAPSE_IN_BRAIN_UP, VANTVEER_BREAST_CANCER_ESR1_DN, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_B_DN, GNF2_TIMP2, GOMF_TRANSCRIPTION_COACTIVATOR_ACTIVITY, LIN_SILENCED_BY_TUMOR_MICROENVIRONMENT

GO Biological Process (4): DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006351), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)

GO Molecular Function (2): transcription coactivator activity (GO:0003713), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)

GO top-level categories

14 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
DNA-templated transcription	2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	2
gene expression	1
RNA biosynthetic process	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
transcription coregulator activity	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 1 of 8 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

1 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
nucleoplasm	CC	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 572 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
VGLL1	TEAD1	P28347	929
VGLL1	WWTR1	Q9GZV5	778
VGLL1	VGLL4	Q14135	763
VGLL1	TEAD4	Q15561	760
VGLL1	YAP1	P46937	716
VGLL1	ACTA1	P02568	661
VGLL1	VGLL3	A8MV65	492
VGLL1	RAD51B	O15315	491
VGLL1	TEAD2	Q15562	435
VGLL1	MEF2A	Q02078	428
VGLL1	MYH1	P12882	427
VGLL1	ERP27	Q96DN0	417
VGLL1	MYOG	P15173	408
VGLL1	GATA2	P23769	407
VGLL1	TEAD3	Q99594	407

IntAct

Human interaction partners of VGLL1 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

14 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
TEAD3	physical association	0.670	4
AIRIM	physical association	0.560	3
CDKN2D	physical association	0.560	3
HNRNPF	physical association	0.560	3
LONRF1	physical association	0.560	3
MEIS2	physical association	0.560	3
PFDN5	physical association	0.560	3
RIPPLY1	physical association	0.560	3
TEAD2	physical association	0.560	3
TEAD4	physical association	0.560	3
TEKT4	physical association	0.560	3
TLE5	physical association	0.560	3
TRIM23	physical association	0.560	3
TSSK3	physical association	0.560	3

BioGRID (20 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): TEAD1 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), TEAD2 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), TEAD3 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), TEAD4 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), AES (Two-hybrid), C1orf109 (Two-hybrid), CDKN2D (Two-hybrid), HNRNPF (Two-hybrid), LONRF1 (Two-hybrid), MEIS2 (Two-hybrid), PFDN5 (Two-hybrid), RIPPLY1 (Two-hybrid), SPPL3 (Positive Genetic), TEKT4 (Two-hybrid), TRIM23 (Two-hybrid)

SIGNOR signaling

1 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RPS6KA3	“down-regulates activity”	VGLL1	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for VGLL1: 58 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic).

ClinVar

58 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	28
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 38 predictions of 403):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
X:136532297–136532298	donor_loss	0.9900	4
X:136536235–136536236	donor_loss	0.9900	6
X:136532297	donor_loss	0.9800
X:136535993–136535995	acceptor_loss	0.9800	7
X:136549015	donor_gain	0.9800
X:136550766–136550767	acceptor_loss	0.9800	6
X:136550819	donor_gain	0.9800
X:136550822–136550823	donor_loss	0.9700	4
X:136550822–136550823	donor_loss	0.9600	2
X:136548587–136548588	acceptor_loss	0.9500	6

AlphaMissense

205 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 1,676 scored), across 42 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
H44	8	0.989	0.995
D42	8	0.985	0.995
F45	8	0.982	0.999
D36	8	0.957	0.987
F30	8	0.906	0.996
F33	7	0.976	0.996
W23	7	0.929	0.973
E43	7	0.830	0.958
I37	7	0.793	0.951
C27	7	0.701	0.940
G35	6	0.982	0.992
V41	6	0.969	0.982
R47	6	0.965	0.995
A48	6	0.931	0.993
Y32	6	0.926	0.994
T31	6	0.893	0.982
E22	6	0.806	0.878
L49	5	0.900	0.992
V28	5	0.883	0.992
S39	5	0.882	0.935

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enriched (Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300583 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

40 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	6
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation, affects methylation	3
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Ethinyl Estradiol	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
ascorbate-2-phosphate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
3,4-dichloroaniline	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
corosolic acid	increases expression	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
Chir 99021	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects binding	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
XAV939	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
LDN 193189	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
3-(4-pyridyl)-1H-indole	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Amphotericin B	increases expression	1
Ascorbic Acid	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.