VN1R1

Summary

VN1R1 (vomeronasal 1 receptor 1, HGNC:13548) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.4, encoding Vomeronasal type-1 receptor 1 (Q9GZP7). Putative pheromone receptor.

Pheromones are chemical signals that elicit specific behavioral responses and physiologic alterations in recipients of the same species. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to pheromone receptors and is primarily localized to the olfactory mucosa. An alternate splice variant of this gene is thought to exist, but its full length nature has not been determined.

Source: NCBI Gene 57191 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_020633

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:13548
Approved symbol	VN1R1
Name	vomeronasal 1 receptor 1
Location	19q13.4
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	V1RL1, ZVNR1, ZVNH1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000178201
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605234
Entrez	57191

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000321039

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_020633 NM_020633

CCDS: CCDS12951

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000321039 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001427837	57454790	57457140

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 130 present calls, max score 84.60.

Top tissues by expression

133 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	84.60	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	76.01	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	75.98	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	75.88	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	74.92	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	70.39	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	69.86	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	69.77	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	69.48	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	69.22	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	68.88	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	68.84	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	68.04	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	67.79	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	67.62	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	67.56	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	67.36	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	67.29	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	67.24	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	67.16	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	66.90	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	66.13	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	65.71	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	65.67	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	65.45	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	65.43	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	65.28	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	65.02	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	64.67	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	64.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

26 targeting VN1R1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-204-5P	99.79	71.62	2439
HSA-MIR-211-5P	99.79	71.65	2440
HSA-MIR-4719	99.73	72.10	3329
HSA-MIR-4255	99.72	67.70	1541
HSA-MIR-4755-5P	99.71	70.34	2716
HSA-MIR-5006-3P	99.71	70.26	2728
HSA-MIR-325	99.58	66.55	358
HSA-MIR-451B	99.55	68.28	1380
HSA-MIR-6832-3P	99.52	70.44	1726
HSA-MIR-3923	99.52	69.21	446
HSA-MIR-5009-3P	99.45	69.43	1341
HSA-MIR-520F-5P	99.34	70.40	1632
HSA-MIR-1244	99.33	68.38	832
HSA-MIR-194-5P	99.01	69.65	1465
HSA-MIR-4744	99.01	69.91	1581
HSA-MIR-193A-3P	98.59	66.36	769
HSA-MIR-193B-3P	98.59	66.62	748
HSA-MIR-5581-3P	98.55	70.31	1161
HSA-MIR-892B	98.00	67.11	821
HSA-MIR-708-3P	97.50	68.67	1082
HSA-MIR-335-5P	97.10	68.12	1022
HSA-MIR-7161-3P	96.79	68.79	798
HSA-MIR-3690	96.44	65.18	737
HSA-MIR-8083	95.93	67.55	694
HSA-MIR-4774-5P	95.92	68.27	827

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• The human VN1R1 gene are unlikely to be associated with gender and hence to contribute to distinct gender-specific behavior. (PMID:17627382)
• Structure and function analyses of the purified GPCR human vomeronasal type 1 receptor 1 (PMID:22355687)
• the reported association in this study suggests that, as a result of genetic variation, naturally occurring endogenous modulation of VN1R1 function affects women’s socio-sexual behavior, and that humans thus communicate via chemo-signaling. (PMID:28440809)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (3): VN1R2 (ENSG00000196131), VN1R5 (ENSG00000197617), VN1R4 (ENSG00000228567)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Vomeronasal type-1 receptor 1 — Q9GZP7 (reviewed: Q9GZP7)

Alternative names: G-protein coupled receptor GPCR24, V1r-like receptor 1, V3r-related gene protein, Vomeronasal olfactory receptor chromosome 19 subtype I member 1

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9GZP7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Putative pheromone receptor.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the olfactory mucosa, very low expression in brain, lung and kidney.

Miscellaneous. The chimpanzee and orangutan orthologous proteins do not exist, their genes are pseudogenes.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_065684* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004072	Vmron_rcpt_1	Family
IPR017452	GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM	Domain

Pfam: PF03402

UniProt features (22 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, sequence variant 4, glycosylation site 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9GZP7-F1	77.56	0.33

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (2): 117, 198

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 31 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ODORANT_BINDING, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PHEROMONE, NOTCH_DN.V1_DN, ANDERSEN_CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA_CLASS1, OISHI_CHOLANGIOMA_STEM_CELL_LIKE_UP, MIR4719, MIR204_5P, MIR211_5P, MIR193A_3P_MIR193B_3P, GSE13485_CTRL_VS_DAY21_YF17D_VACCINE_PBMC_DN

GO Biological Process (5): sensory perception of chemical stimulus (GO:0007606), response to pheromone (GO:0019236), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), biological_process (GO:0008150)

GO Molecular Function (3): pheromone binding (GO:0005550), pheromone receptor activity (GO:0016503), G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
G protein-coupled receptor activity	2
sensory perception	1
response to chemical	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
signal transduction	1
odorant binding	1
pheromone binding	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

330 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
VN1R1	M0R036	M0R036	952
VN1R1	ZNF749	O43361	952
VN1R1	ZNF772	Q68DY9	952
VN1R1	AVPR2	P30518	690
VN1R1	SMCO3	A2RU48	542
VN1R1	OR1J4	Q8NGS1	479
VN1R1	OR52E8	Q6IFG1	471
VN1R1	OR2T1	O43869	450
VN1R1	OR52B6	Q8NGF0	446
VN1R1	OR6F1	Q8NGZ6	446
VN1R1	OR7D4	Q8NG98	441
VN1R1	CYP27C1	Q4G0S4	437
VN1R1	OR51A4	Q8NGJ6	433
VN1R1	SATL1	Q86VE3	432
VN1R1	OR10A2	Q9H208	431

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
VN1R1	LRRK2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
VN1R1	DAPK1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
VN1R1	MFHAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

BioGRID (4): VN1R1 (Reconstituted Complex), VN1R1 (Reconstituted Complex), VN1R1 (Reconstituted Complex), VN1R1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: Q50KZ9, Q5J3E5, Q5J3F6, Q5J3G9, Q5J3K5, Q5J3K9, Q5J3L4, Q5J3L6, Q5J3L7, Q5J3M3, Q5J3M4, Q5J3M9, Q5J3N1, Q62850, Q646G4, Q646G6, Q646G7, Q646G9, Q646H0, Q67ES3, Q67ET1, Q67ET7, Q7M709, Q7M724, Q7TQA7, Q7TQA8, Q7TQB0, Q7YRP3, Q8MJU6, Q8R2E6, Q8TDU5, Q8VBS7, Q8VIC6, Q8VIC7, Q8VIC9, Q8WN92, Q9BXE9, Q9EP51, Q9EP79, Q9EP93

Diamond homologs: A0A0R4IM31, Q7YRP1, Q7Z5H4, Q7Z5H5, Q8WN92, Q9GZP7, Q5J3F6, Q5J3G9, Q5J3K5, Q5J3K9, Q5J3L6, Q5J3L7, Q5J3M4, Q62850, Q7YRP2, Q7YRP3, Q8NFZ6, Q8R2E6, Q8VIC6, Q8VIC7, Q9BXE9, Q9EP93, Q9EQ45, Q9EQ46, Q9EQ48, Q8VBS7, Q8VIC9, Q5J3N1, Q9EQ47, Q9EQ52, Q9WUF1, Q8TDU5, Q5J3E5, Q5J3L4, Q5J3M3, Q5J3M9, Q9EP51, Q9EP79, Q9EPB8, Q9EQ44

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	47
Likely benign	0
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

404 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:57455798:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9100
19:57457070:AG:A	donor_gain	0.8600
19:57455744:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.8500
19:57455805:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.8500
19:57456124:A:AC	donor_gain	0.8400
19:57456125:C:CC	donor_gain	0.8400
19:57457071:G:C	donor_gain	0.8400
19:57455806:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.8300
19:57456125:CAT:C	donor_gain	0.8000
19:57456124:ACAT:A	donor_gain	0.7900
19:57456125:CATC:C	donor_gain	0.7900
19:57456415:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.7500
19:57456414:CAG:C	acceptor_gain	0.7300
19:57456259:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.6800
19:57456961:TCA:T	donor_gain	0.6800
19:57456962:CAC:C	donor_gain	0.6800
19:57456963:ACA:A	donor_gain	0.6800
19:57456964:CAC:C	donor_gain	0.6800
19:57457132:TGA:T	donor_gain	0.6800
19:57455796:T:TG	acceptor_gain	0.6200
19:57455684:T:TA	donor_gain	0.6100
19:57455797:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.6100
19:57456182:CCTT:C	acceptor_gain	0.6100
19:57455741:TGTCT:T	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455742:GTCTG:G	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455743:TCTG:T	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455744:CT:C	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455745:TG:T	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455746:G:C	acceptor_loss	0.5900
19:57455764:G:GT	acceptor_gain	0.5800

AlphaMissense

2352 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:57455536:G:C	F317L	0.869
19:57455536:G:T	F317L	0.869
19:57455538:A:G	F317L	0.869
19:57456052:G:C	F145L	0.829
19:57456052:G:T	F145L	0.829
19:57456054:A:G	F145L	0.829
19:57456112:A:C	F125L	0.744
19:57456112:A:T	F125L	0.744
19:57456114:A:G	F125L	0.744
19:57455647:G:C	S280R	0.723
19:57455647:G:T	S280R	0.723
19:57455649:T:G	S280R	0.723
19:57455641:A:C	F282L	0.713
19:57455641:A:T	F282L	0.713
19:57455643:A:G	F282L	0.713
19:57456331:G:C	F52L	0.698
19:57456331:G:T	F52L	0.698
19:57456333:A:G	F52L	0.698
19:57456157:A:C	F110L	0.695
19:57456157:A:T	F110L	0.695
19:57456159:A:G	F110L	0.695
19:57455812:A:C	F225L	0.665
19:57455812:A:T	F225L	0.665
19:57455814:A:G	F225L	0.665
19:57456184:T:A	K101N	0.648
19:57456184:T:G	K101N	0.648
19:57455518:A:C	F323L	0.634
19:57455518:A:T	F323L	0.634
19:57455520:A:G	F323L	0.634
19:57455986:A:C	F167L	0.634

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000281910 (19:57456904 T>A), RS1001462314 (19:57459081 AT>A,ATT), RS1001955317 (19:57455265 A>T), RS1002180257 (19:57458814 T>G), RS1002978951 (19:57458807 C>T), RS1004516781 (19:57457267 G>A,T), RS1004652457 (19:57457521 C>T), RS1005319935 (19:57454688 C>G), RS1006120501 (19:57454499 T>A), RS1008502838 (19:57458253 C>G), RS1008835764 (19:57457929 G>A), RS1009114694 (19:57457660 T>C), RS1009208981 (19:57458193 T>A,C), RS1009308835 (19:57457540 A>C,T), RS1009457473 (19:57455016 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605234 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

6 total (human), top 6 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
methyldihydrojasmonate	affects binding	2
quercitrin	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Methotrexate	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.