WWC3

Summary

WWC3 (WWC family member 3, HGNC:29237) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.2, encoding Protein WWC3 (Q9ULE0). Regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway.

This gene encodes a member of the WWC family of proteins, which also includes the WWC1 (KIBRA) gene product and the WWC2 gene product. The protein encoded by this gene includes a C2 domain, which is known to mediate homodimerization in the related WWC1 gene product.

Source: NCBI Gene 55841 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 334 total

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29237
Approved symbol	WWC3
Name	WWC family member 3
Location	Xp22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIAA1280, BM042
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000047644
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	301089
Entrez	55841

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000380861, ENST00000466248

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: None NM_015691

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000380861 — 24 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000390363	10134432	10134596
ENSE00000664833	10079725	10079804
ENSE00000664844	10094132	10094281
ENSE00000664845	10098506	10098579
ENSE00000664915	10127988	10128161
ENSE00000664917	10128557	10128708
ENSE00000664939	10136633	10136725
ENSE00000664940	10138709	10138936
ENSE00000664941	10139413	10139540
ENSE00000854550	10078799	10078875
ENSE00001027378	10067287	10067490
ENSE00001142548	10129956	10130121
ENSE00001142565	10126114	10126306
ENSE00001142574	10125024	10125110
ENSE00001142583	10124265	10124339
ENSE00001142590	10122619	10122739
ENSE00001142605	10116418	10116507
ENSE00001142612	10109778	10110020
ENSE00001308581	10117124	10117689
ENSE00001312599	10090771	10090900
ENSE00001486577	10141435	10144474
ENSE00001486696	10063445	10063554
ENSE00001926060	10015254	10015674
ENSE00003937133	10015677	10015858

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 284 present calls, max score 98.08.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.1917 / max 142.0269, expressed in 1693 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
195471	13.8286	1688
195472	0.3631	134

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	98.08	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	97.72	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	95.73	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	95.66	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	95.16	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	94.37	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	94.14	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.24	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	93.07	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	92.54	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	92.11	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	92.01	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	91.33	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	91.30	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	90.97	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	90.86	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	90.72	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	90.47	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	90.39	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	90.21	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	90.10	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	89.94	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	89.89	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	89.88	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	89.82	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	89.62	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	89.54	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	89.45	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	88.83	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	88.73	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	20.78

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

156 targeting WWC3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-188-3P	100.00	68.76	1240
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-6758-5P	100.00	66.21	1470
HSA-MIR-5196-5P	100.00	67.98	2761
HSA-MIR-6856-5P	100.00	65.47	1298
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-513B-5P	99.99	69.96	2150
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-433-3P	99.98	69.37	1203
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• WWC3 interacted with T cell factor 4 (TCF4). (PMID:29115863)
• WBP2 negatively regulates the Hippo pathway by competitively binding to WWC3 with LATS1 to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression. (PMID:33837178)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	wwc3	ENSDARG00000061654
rattus_norvegicus	Wwc3	ENSRNOG00000024250
drosophila_melanogaster	kibra	FBGN0262127

Paralogs (2): WWC1 (ENSG00000113645), WWC2 (ENSG00000151718)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein WWC3 — Q9ULE0 (reviewed: Q9ULE0)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9ULE0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway. Enhances phosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP1 and negatively regulates cell proliferation and organ growth due to a suppression of the transcriptional activity of YAP1, the major effector of the Hippo pathway.

Subunit / interactions. Forms homodimers and heterodimers with WWC1 and WWC2. Interacts with DLC1 and PRKCZ. Interacts (via WW domains) with LATS1 and LATS2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol.

Similarity. Belongs to the WWC family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9ULE0-1	1	yes
Q9ULE0-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_056506 (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000008	C2_dom	Domain
IPR001202	WW_dom	Domain
IPR035892	C2_domain_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036020	WW_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037771	C2_WWC	Domain
IPR051105	WWC/KIBRA_Hippo_Reg	Family
IPR057747	WWC1_hairpin	Domain

Pfam: PF00397, PF25802

UniProt features (21 total): region of interest 5, coiled-coil region 4, domain 3, sequence variant 3, compositionally biased region 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9ULE0-F1	62.09	0.18

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 137 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8_TCELL_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_HIPPO_SIGNALING, MODULE_313, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_ORGAN_GROWTH, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_PROCESS, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ORGAN_GROWTH, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GOBP_ORGAN_GROWTH, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS, DOUGLAS_BMI1_TARGETS_UP

GO Biological Process (8): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), cell migration (GO:0016477), hippo signaling (GO:0035329), regulation of hippo signaling (GO:0035330), negative regulation of hippo signaling (GO:0035331), negative regulation of organ growth (GO:0046621)

GO Molecular Function (4): kinase binding (GO:0019900), signaling adaptor activity (GO:0035591), molecular adaptor activity (GO:0060090), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
hippo signaling	2
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
cell motility	1
intracellular signal transduction	1
regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
regulation of hippo signaling	1
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
organ growth	1
regulation of organ growth	1
negative regulation of developmental growth	1
negative regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
enzyme binding	1
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	1
molecular_function	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

748 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
WWC3	LATS1	O95835	652
WWC3	FRMD1	Q8N878	589
WWC3	SHROOM2	Q13796	589
WWC3	C2CD3	Q4AC94	493
WWC3	TMSB4Y	O14604	445
WWC3	CLCN4	P51793	433
WWC3	AP1S2	P56377	427
WWC3	EIF2S3	P41091	406
WWC3	PDZD11	Q5EBL8	394
WWC3	PPTC7	Q8NI37	394
WWC3	FRMPD1	Q5SYB0	390
WWC3	PIN4	Q9Y237	390
WWC3	RPS20	P17075	387
WWC3	CNOT12	Q9C0C2	372
WWC3	RPS4Y1	P22090	367

IntAct

12 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PDLIM7	ACTN4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PDLIM7	CRYBG2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTPN14	KRT13	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTPN14	PDLIM7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FTSJ1	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
WWC3	SMNDC1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PINX1	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PHLDA3	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
CDK5RAP3	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TNIK	WWC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (30): WWC3 (Two-hybrid), WWC3 (Two-hybrid), WWC3 (Two-hybrid), PRKCA (Affinity Capture-Western), LATS2 (Affinity Capture-Western), LATS1 (Affinity Capture-Western), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-Western), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-Western), WWC2 (Affinity Capture-Western), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-Western), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), WWC3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), WWC3 (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4IIJ3, B3LWS4, B3P3M8, B4HEJ6, B4K6I9, B4K6T8, B4M5X4, B4PSQ2, D4AEC2, E7FDW2, O35711, P11929, P25054, P68907, P70039, P70478, P97434, Q08AD1, Q12923, Q13009, Q2TLY2, Q5SXA9, Q60610, Q61315, Q64512, Q69ZS0, Q69ZW3, Q6AWC2, Q6DJR2, Q6IRN6, Q6NXJ0, Q6PD31, Q6ZMN7, Q86SQ0, Q86W92, Q8C1B1, Q8C8U0, Q8CIS0, Q8IX03, Q8ND30

Diamond homologs: A0A8C0NGY6, A0A8I3PQN6, A1A5G4, A1CQG2, A1D3C5, A2QQ28, A4IIJ3, B0XQ72, B3LWS4, B3P3M8, B4HEJ6, B4K6I9, B4M5X4, B4NAD3, B4PSQ2, B8N7E5, D6C652, G0S9J5, H2LBU8, O14326, O88382, P39940, P46934, P46935, P46936, P46937, P46938, Q0CCL1, Q19404, Q1L8J7, Q2EJA0, Q2UBP1, Q32NJ6, Q45VV3, Q4L1J4, Q4WTF3, Q54T86, Q5BDP1, Q5F488, Q5RBF2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

334 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	140
Likely benign	24
Benign	9

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4701 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:10062237:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10063551:AATA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10063552:ATA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10063552:ATAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10063553:TA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10063553:TAGTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10063554:AGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10063555:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10063555:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10063556:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10063557:AA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10067279:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067284:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:10067285:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067286:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067286:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067286:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067286:GAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067286:GAACT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10067487:AGCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10067488:GCT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10067488:GCTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10067489:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10067491:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:10067492:TGAGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10067493:G:GG	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10067494:AGTTG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:10078797:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10078798:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:10079803:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7061 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:10090893:T:C	L167P	0.999
X:10134561:T:C	F910L	0.999
X:10134563:C:A	F910L	0.999
X:10134563:C:G	F910L	0.999
X:10136642:A:C	S925R	0.999
X:10136644:T:A	S925R	0.999
X:10136644:T:G	S925R	0.999
X:10136648:A:C	S927R	0.999
X:10136650:C:A	S927R	0.999
X:10136650:C:G	S927R	0.999
X:10067332:A:C	Q21P	0.998
X:10067333:A:C	Q21H	0.998
X:10067333:A:T	Q21H	0.998
X:10067344:T:C	L25S	0.998
X:10067408:G:C	K46N	0.998
X:10067408:G:T	K46N	0.998
X:10079747:T:C	L107P	0.998
X:10079798:T:C	L124P	0.998
X:10117203:A:C	S382R	0.998
X:10117205:C:A	S382R	0.998
X:10117205:C:G	S382R	0.998
X:10136639:C:A	R924S	0.998
X:10136654:A:C	S929R	0.998
X:10136656:T:A	S929R	0.998
X:10136656:T:G	S929R	0.998
X:10136704:A:C	R945S	0.998
X:10136704:A:T	R945S	0.998
X:10138764:T:C	L971P	0.998
X:10138770:T:C	L973P	0.998
X:10067319:T:A	W17R	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000024781 (X:10054869 C>A), RS1000025550 (X:10125329 C>T), RS1000054512 (X:10062070 G>A), RS1000130050 (X:10053473 G>T), RS1000205655 (X:10014666 C>T), RS1000214419 (X:10088842 G>A), RS1000259171 (X:10025162 C>T), RS1000292170 (X:10023395 G>A), RS1000357380 (X:10079400 G>A,C), RS1000372416 (X:10078968 T>G), RS1000399030 (X:10117918 A>G), RS1000453140 (X:10030787 C>G), RS1000459933 (X:10054149 C>G,T), RS1000478157 (X:10089382 A>G), RS1000521155 (X:10096278 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:301089 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315)

Orphanet (1): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001942_23	Prostate cancer	2.000000e-10
GCST003124_29	Mild influenza (H1N1) infection	1.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001488	influenza A (H1N1)

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

43 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	4
Cyclosporine	increases expression	4
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression, affects cotreatment	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression, increases methylation	3
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	increases expression	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
dicrotophos	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
arsenite	decreases reaction, affects binding	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
monomethylarsonous acid	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
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NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
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