ZER1

gene
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Also known as ZYGHzyg

Summary

ZER1 (zyg-11 related cell cycle regulator, HGNC:30960) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q34.11, encoding Protein zer-1 homolog (Q7Z7L7). Serves as substrate adapter subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex ZYG11B-CUL2-Elongin BC.

This gene encodes a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that may be involved in meiosis. The encoded protein contains three leucine-rich repeat motifs.

Source: NCBI Gene 10444 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 11
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 94 total
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_006336

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:30960
Approved symbolZER1
Namezyg-11 related cell cycle regulator
Location9q34.11
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesZYG, Hzyg
Ensembl geneENSG00000160445
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM617764
Entrez10444

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 34 — 33 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000291900, ENST00000414921, ENST00000427848, ENST00000494461, ENST00000873658, ENST00000873659, ENST00000929001, ENST00000929002, ENST00000929003, ENST00000929004, ENST00000929005, ENST00000929006, ENST00000929009, ENST00000929013, ENST00000929014, ENST00000960716, ENST00000960717, ENST00000960718, ENST00000960719, ENST00000960720, ENST00000960721, ENST00000960722, ENST00000960723, ENST00000960724, ENST00000960725, ENST00000960726, ENST00000960727, ENST00000960728, ENST00000960729, ENST00000960730, ENST00000960731, ENST00000960732, ENST00000960733, ENST00000960734

RefSeq mRNA: 7 — MANE Select: NM_006336 NM_001375954, NM_001375955, NM_001375956, NM_001375957, NM_001375958, NM_001375959, NM_006336

CCDS: CCDS6910

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000291900 — 16 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001052402128751413128751527
ENSE00001052403128751122128751268
ENSE00001052404128750616128750789
ENSE00001052405128739931128740119
ENSE00001052406128742530128742745
ENSE00001052408128752673128752849
ENSE00001052410128735334128735431
ENSE00001052412128740772128740887
ENSE00001052414128753164128753600
ENSE00001052416128741535128741654
ENSE00001052418128733426128733528
ENSE00001052419128741800128741841
ENSE00001179277128729786128731394
ENSE00001347654128771581128771927
ENSE00001373790128755408128755659
ENSE00003638075128753809128753959

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 253 present calls, max score 95.21.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.0891 / max 385.9950, expressed in 1805 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
10270621.31171801
1027053.16941468
1027041.0296595
1027030.5784327

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281095.21gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045194.63gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354094.26gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138893.75gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425293.56gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302793.52gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188293.43gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983593.38gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187693.33gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138393.16gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209893.16gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583392.50gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187092.49gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347392.48gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489092.48gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195092.34gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983492.33gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187492.30gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224592.21gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212992.15gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187391.95gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189891.93gold quality
telencephalonUBERON:000189391.72gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119991.69gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648391.69gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095691.66gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584191.66gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187191.51gold quality
forebrainUBERON:000189091.50gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580591.48gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes8.77
E-GEOD-100618no362.50
E-MTAB-9467no0.66

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

164 targeting ZER1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-8485100.0077.574731
HSA-MIR-4481100.0066.421669
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-6740-5P100.0065.64932
HSA-MIR-4682100.0068.891258
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-6867-5P100.0082.213464
HSA-MIR-29A-3P100.0073.111835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P100.0073.181833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P100.0073.151833
HSA-MIR-451499.9967.101870
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-4745-5P99.9865.951028
HSA-MIR-50799.9770.111915
HSA-MIR-6793-5P99.9765.95758
HSA-MIR-55799.9670.011640
HSA-MIR-651-3P99.9473.485177
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-314399.9371.963104
HSA-MIR-6835-3P99.9370.492904
HSA-MIR-450B-5P99.9271.483175
HSA-MIR-497-5P99.9271.832674

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

  • Molecular basis for recognition of Gly/N-degrons by CRL2(ZYG11B) and CRL2(ZER1). (PMID:34214466)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriozer1ENSDARG00000105123
mus_musculusZer1ENSMUSG00000039686
rattus_norvegicusZer1ENSRNOG00000025832
drosophila_melanogasterCG12084FBGN0043458
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00020762

Paralogs (2): ZYG11B (ENSG00000162378), ZYG11A (ENSG00000203995)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein zer-1 homologQ7Z7L7 (reviewed: Q7Z7L7)

Alternative names: Hzyg, Zyg-11 homolog B-like protein, Zyg11b-like protein

All UniProt accessions (3): Q7Z7L7, X6RC68, X6RD87

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Serves as substrate adapter subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex ZYG11B-CUL2-Elongin BC. Acts to target substrates bearing N-terminal degrons for proteasomal degradation with the first four residues of substrates being the key recognition elements. Involved in the clearance of proteolytic fragments generated by caspase cleavage during apoptosis since N-terminal glycine degrons are strongly enriched at caspase cleavage sites. Also important in the quality control of protein N-myristoylation in which N-terminal glycine degrons are conditionally exposed after a failure of N-myristoylation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with the ELOC-ELOB/Elongin BC complex. Part of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex including ZER1, CUL2 and Elongin BC.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in testis, spermatocytes and spermatids (at protein level). Expressed in spermatocytes, spermatids, prostate, skeletal muscle, ovary, small intestine, heart, brain and pancreas.

Similarity. Belongs to the zyg-11 family.

RefSeq proteins (7): NP_001362883, NP_001362884, NP_001362885, NP_001362886, NP_001362887, NP_001362888, NP_006327* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000225ArmadilloRepeat
IPR011989ARM-likeHomologous_superfamily
IPR016024ARM-type_foldHomologous_superfamily
IPR032675LRR_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR051341Zyg-11_UBL_adapterFamily
IPR055142ZER1-like_CDomain
IPR056845LRR_Zer-1Domain

Pfam: PF22964, PF25013

UniProt features (39 total): helix 16, repeat 8, sequence conflict 4, mutagenesis site 3, turn 3, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7XYTX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.5
7EP3X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.51
7XYSX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.7
7EP5X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.02
7EP4X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.07
7XYUX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.7

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q7Z7L7-F190.920.77

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

PositionPhenotype
9abolishes interaction with eloc.
552complete loss of n-degron binding.
597complete loss of n-degron binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 179 (showing top): TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, AGGAAGC_MIR5163P, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEASOMAL_UBIQUITIN_DEPENDENT_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, TATTATA_MIR374, CACCAGC_MIR138, WANG_ESOPHAGUS_CANCER_VS_NORMAL_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, SHEDDEN_LUNG_CANCER_GOOD_SURVIVAL_A4, HOSHIDA_LIVER_CANCER_LATE_RECURRENCE_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, HELLER_HDAC_TARGETS_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEOLYSIS

GO Biological Process (2): protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins (GO:0006515), positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0032436)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0031462)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
protein catabolic process1
regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process1
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process1
positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process1
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process1
binding1
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

906 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ZER1CUL2Q13617882
ZER1ELOCQ15369613
ZER1LRR1Q96L50606
ZER1ZYG11BQ9C0D3552
ZER1ELOBQ15370529
ZER1UBR4Q5T4S7507
ZER1RBX1P62877499
ZER1PPTC7Q8NI37476
ZER1SNX11Q9Y5W9474
ZER1CFAP45Q9UL16444
ZER1VHLP40337422
ZER1TSPAN2O60636420
ZER1ZBTB44Q8NCP5420
ZER1FPGSQ05932418
ZER1CUL5Q93034411

IntAct

113 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
POLG2POLGpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.950
DNM2DNM1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.740
TEPSINAP4M1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.700
CDCA5RAD21psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
AGRPTK1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
VEGFDADAM9psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
MGME1POLGpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
TAFA4NRP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
GASTZZEF1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
LYG2COL4A2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
SPINK7UBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
WFDC9CTSCpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
AGAHBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
IFNA2IFIT3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
STMN2MTA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
SLAIN1HSPA9psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CLPSL1TNFAIP1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TAFA1ZER1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
HSPB8VWA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MPP2ABLIM1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
LYG2TRAF2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TSSC4SNRNP200psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
PRRC2BZER1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.500
K6ZER1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (124): ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZER1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JM56, A0JPI9, A2BFL2, A5PK13, A6H639, J9SQF3, O13066, P19686, P33402, Q02108, Q0VAA2, Q14BP6, Q15111, Q15813, Q3USB7, Q498T9, Q4R642, Q4V8D9, Q4ZHS0, Q5DU41, Q5FVQ9, Q5RAG3, Q5RBD9, Q5RJH2, Q5ZIJ9, Q5ZIU8, Q62688, Q68F79, Q6DN12, Q6GQN5, Q6NU09, Q6P9F7, Q6WRX3, Q7Z7L7, Q80ZJ6, Q8BG40, Q8CDU4, Q8CIR4, Q8CIV8, Q8HXA6

Diamond homologs: A0JMZ3, A2BFL2, P21541, Q3UFS0, Q5RAG3, Q5TYQ1, Q6WRX3, Q7Z7L7, Q80ZJ6, Q9C0D3, Q2WF59, Q9W0E8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 154 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Late endosomal microautophagy516.5×4e-03
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis86.9×5e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

94 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance69
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2740 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
9:128733420:TCTTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
9:128733421:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
9:128733422:TTACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
9:128733423:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
9:128733424:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
9:128733424:A:AGdonor_loss1.0000
9:128733425:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
9:128733529:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740000:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
9:128740115:GGTTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740116:GTTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740117:TTG:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740117:TTGCT:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
9:128740118:TG:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740118:TGC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
9:128740119:GCTG:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
9:128740120:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740120:CT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
9:128740121:T:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
9:128740124:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740125:A:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740769:AAC:Adonor_loss1.0000
9:128740770:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
9:128740771:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
9:128740771:CC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
9:128740883:AATTC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740884:ATTC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740885:TTC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740886:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
9:128740887:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

5091 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
9:128733520:A:GY717H1.000
9:128735348:A:GL709P1.000
9:128735350:G:CN708K1.000
9:128735350:G:TN708K1.000
9:128735357:A:GL706P1.000
9:128735360:G:TA705D1.000
9:128735364:A:GW704R1.000
9:128735364:A:TW704R1.000
9:128735370:C:GA702P1.000
9:128735371:C:AW701C1.000
9:128735371:C:GW701C1.000
9:128735372:C:GW701S1.000
9:128735373:A:GW701R1.000
9:128735373:A:TW701R1.000
9:128735408:A:GL689P1.000
9:128735417:A:TI686N1.000
9:128735420:G:TP685Q1.000
9:128735430:A:GS682P1.000
9:128735431:C:AR681S1.000
9:128735431:C:GR681S1.000
9:128739931:C:AR681M1.000
9:128739931:C:GR681T1.000
9:128739932:T:CR681G1.000
9:128739934:T:CY680C1.000
9:128739935:A:CY680D1.000
9:128739935:A:GY680H1.000
9:128739935:A:TY680N1.000
9:128739936:A:CN679K1.000
9:128739936:A:TN679K1.000
9:128739940:A:GI678T1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000050324 (9:128741201 CAG>C), RS1000082425 (9:128744346 C>G), RS1000089370 (9:128759794 CA>C,CAA), RS1000200221 (9:128766275 G>C), RS1000240439 (9:128729633 T>G), RS1000280449 (9:128757817 C>T), RS1000396086 (9:128757499 G>A,C,T), RS1000430111 (9:128766565 G>C), RS1000542959 (9:128744796 G>C), RS1000546060 (9:128759529 C>G), RS1000552324 (9:128749577 C>T), RS1000602970 (9:128749874 T>C), RS1000642845 (9:128772241 C>T), RS1000672064 (9:128750954 C>T), RS1000713220 (9:128748319 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617764 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

11 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001959_7Eating disorders (purging via substances)5.000000e-06
GCST002115_14Axial length6.000000e-06
GCST005951_65Body mass index5.000000e-09
GCST008077_28LDL cholesterol levels5.000000e-06
GCST008077_82LDL cholesterol levels1.000000e-06
GCST008078_137LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)4.000000e-08
GCST008078_42LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)7.000000e-07
GCST008079_123LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)3.000000e-10
GCST008079_67LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)1.000000e-08
GCST008086_5LDL cholesterol levels in current drinkers7.000000e-07
GCST008086_82LDL cholesterol levels in current drinkers2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0005318axial length measurement
EFO:0004340body mass index
EFO:0004611low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004329alcohol drinking

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL6066862 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION), CHEMBL6193837 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

22 total (human), top 22 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arseniteincreases expression2
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases expression2
GSK-J4increases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aincreases expression1
trichostatin Aaffects expression1
benzo(e)pyrenedecreases methylation1
aflatoxin B2decreases methylation1
(+)-JQ1 compoundincreases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylenedecreases expression1
Ivermectindecreases expression1
Methapyrilenedecreases methylation1
Methyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1
Seleniumincreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Urethaneincreases expression1
Valproic Acidincreases methylation1
Vitamin Eincreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, increases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

12 unique, capped per target: 12 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5554710BindingPROTAC (AATac) activity at ZYG11B/ZER1/EML4-ALK in human NCI-H3122 cells assessed as protein degradation upto 20 uM incubated for 72 hrs by immunoblot analysisDistinct Amino Acid-Based PROTACs Target Oncogenic Kinases for Degradation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 telomerase immortalized cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_C3LAN/Tert-1 ZER1Telomerase immortalized cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): eating disorder