ZGRF1

Summary

ZGRF1 (zinc finger GRF-type containing 1, HGNC:25654) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q25, encoding 5’-3’ DNA helicase ZGRF1 (Q86YA3). 5’-3’ DNA helicase which is recruited to sites of DNA damage and promotes repair of replication-blocking DNA lesions through stimulation of homologous recombination (HR).

The encoded protein contains GRF zinc finger (zf-GRF) and transmembrane domains. GRF zinc fingers are found in a number of DNA-binding proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 55345 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 305 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018392

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25654
Approved symbol	ZGRF1
Name	zinc finger GRF-type containing 1
Location	4q25
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11331
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000138658
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	55345

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 9 protein_coding, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 retained_intron

ENST00000264370, ENST00000309071, ENST00000445203, ENST00000473015, ENST00000502805, ENST00000503172, ENST00000505019, ENST00000506675, ENST00000512075, ENST00000514770, ENST00000612287, ENST00000925930, ENST00000925931, ENST00000925932, ENST00000925933, ENST00000925934

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_018392 NM_001350397, NM_018392

CCDS: CCDS3700

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000505019 — 28 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001081365	112562371	112562485
ENSE00001204701	112606008	112606091
ENSE00001325774	112560733	112560995
ENSE00001380072	112603524	112603697
ENSE00001724813	112539339	112539689
ENSE00002035425	112589724	112589874
ENSE00003517792	112583978	112584174
ENSE00003518149	112587280	112587929
ENSE00003520121	112563131	112563274
ENSE00003521632	112547285	112547408
ENSE00003522575	112620002	112620190
ENSE00003528262	112633156	112633242
ENSE00003552898	112617440	112619690
ENSE00003572627	112554705	112554782
ENSE00003574344	112612524	112612588
ENSE00003588602	112623817	112623876
ENSE00003589797	112540821	112540955
ENSE00003614880	112553835	112553982
ENSE00003619087	112548253	112548380
ENSE00003624003	112558150	112558309
ENSE00003631664	112541092	112541268
ENSE00003640570	112539863	112540124
ENSE00003647426	112609379	112609429
ENSE00003650375	112631930	112632010
ENSE00003670892	112585541	112585725
ENSE00003682378	112581663	112581802
ENSE00003683265	112586445	112586583
ENSE00003909986	112636851	112636909

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 224 present calls, max score 87.95.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 3.7271 / max 165.9154, expressed in 1115 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
53654	3.1521	996
53656	0.3868	207
53655	0.1882	82

Top tissues by expression

246 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.95	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	85.22	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	82.77	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.75	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	79.41	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	79.11	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	78.44	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	77.97	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	77.72	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	77.59	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	76.19	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	76.18	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	76.18	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	75.14	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	75.05	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	75.00	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	74.91	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	74.85	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	74.20	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	74.12	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	74.03	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	73.98	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	73.94	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	73.93	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	73.86	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	73.83	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	73.78	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	73.26	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	73.20	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	72.78	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	6.55

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

14 targeting ZGRF1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-6516-3P	99.65	68.57	1238
HSA-MIR-1290	99.59	69.90	2079
HSA-MIR-21-5P	99.46	70.54	1035
HSA-MIR-4666A-5P	99.41	69.72	1887
HSA-MIR-590-5P	99.25	70.76	930
HSA-MIR-4680-3P	98.64	68.60	2093
HSA-MIR-10226	98.25	66.50	811
HSA-MIR-2681-3P	98.18	65.28	577
HSA-MIR-1279	97.83	67.50	1898
HSA-MIR-96-3P	97.47	68.03	839
HSA-MIR-627-5P	95.51	66.80	509

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Two novel loci IDH1 and ZGRF1 are associated with adiposity. [meta-analysis] (PMID:26599207)
• The ZGRF1 Helicase Promotes Recombinational Repair of Replication-Blocking DNA Damage in Human Cells. (PMID:32640219)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

5’-3’ DNA helicase ZGRF1 — Q86YA3 (reviewed: Q86YA3)

Alternative names: GRF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1

All UniProt accessions (5): D6RB47, D6REN9, D6REQ7, Q86YA3, G3XAL8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. 5’-3’ DNA helicase which is recruited to sites of DNA damage and promotes repair of replication-blocking DNA lesions through stimulation of homologous recombination (HR). Promotes HR by directly stimulating RAD51-mediated strand exchange activity. Not required to load RAD51 at sites of DNA damage but promotes recombinational repair after RAD51 recruitment. Also promotes HR by positively regulating EXO1-mediated DNA end resection of double-strand breaks. Required for recruitment of replication protein RPA2 to DNA damage sites. Promotes the initiation of the G2/M checkpoint but not its maintenance. Catalyzes Holliday junction branch migration and dissociation of D-loops and DNA flaps.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with DNA repair protein RAD51; the interaction promotes RAD51 strand exchange activity. Also interacts with DNA repair proteins EXO1 and BRCA1; the interactions are increased following DNA damage induction.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Isoforms (7)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q86YA3-1	1	yes
Q86YA3-2	2
Q86YA3-3	3
Q86YA3-4	4
Q86YA3-5	5
Q86YA3-6	6
Q86YA3-7	7

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001337326, NP_060862* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR010666	Znf_GRF	Domain
IPR018838	ZGRF1-like_N	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR041677	DNA2/NAM7_AAA_11	Domain
IPR041679	DNA2/NAM7-like_C	Domain
IPR047187	SF1_C_Upf1	Domain
IPR052800	DNA_Repair_Helicase_ZGRF1	Family

Pfam: PF06839, PF10382, PF13086, PF13087

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)

UniProt features (37 total): splice variant 13, sequence variant 6, sequence conflict 4, binding site 4, modified residue 3, region of interest 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, zinc finger region 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q86YA3-F1	50.08	0.18

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 1349; 1351; 1374; 1382

Post-translational modifications (3): 336, 793, 864

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
1660	loss of helicase activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 110 (showing top): chr4q25, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, MODULE_255, MODULE_317, GOBP_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE, PYEON_CANCER_HEAD_AND_NECK_VS_CERVICAL_UP, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, CREB_Q3, FISCHER_DREAM_TARGETS, NOUZOVA_TRETINOIN_AND_H4_ACETYLATION, GOBP_RECOMBINATIONAL_REPAIR, NUYTTEN_EZH2_TARGETS_DN, YGCGYRCGC_UNKNOWN, MODULE_69, GOCC_SITE_OF_DOUBLE_STRAND_BREAK

GO Biological Process (4): recombinational repair (GO:0000725), double-strand break repair (GO:0006302), DNA repair (GO:0006281), DNA damage response (GO:0006974)

GO Molecular Function (9): ATP binding (GO:0005524), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), 5’-3’ DNA helicase activity (GO:0043139), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), helicase activity (GO:0004386), protein binding (GO:0005515), isomerase activity (GO:0016853), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), site of double-strand break (GO:0035861)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
DNA repair	2
catalytic activity	2
DNA recombination	1
DNA metabolic process	1
DNA damage response	1
cellular response to stress	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
transition metal ion binding	1
DNA helicase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
nucleic acid conformation isomerase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid	1
ATP-dependent activity	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
site of DNA damage	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1580 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ZGRF1	SLC71A3P	Q5VZR4	542
ZGRF1	ZNF280D	Q6N043	447
ZGRF1	CCDC184	Q52MB2	441
ZGRF1	FAM228A	Q86W67	431
ZGRF1	RPUSD3	Q6P087	427
ZGRF1	CHCHD5	Q9BSY4	417
ZGRF1	PURG	Q9UJV8	400
ZGRF1	ZC3H6	P61129	384
ZGRF1	CCDC15	Q0P6D6	374
ZGRF1	SERP2	Q8N6R1	367
ZGRF1	RIMKLA	Q8IXN7	366
ZGRF1	DTWD1	Q8N5C7	365
ZGRF1	FANCM	Q8IYD8	365
ZGRF1	TRMT13	Q9NUP7	364
ZGRF1	A6NDT3	A6NDT3	359

IntAct

26 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ZGRF1	BRCA1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.580
ZGRF1	BRCA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.580
ZGRF1	BRCA1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.580
ZGRF1	EXO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ZGRF1	RAD51	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.470
RAD51	ZGRF1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.470
MMRN1	ZGRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ZGRF1	PDIA3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ZGRF1	FLNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ZGRF1	POLD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ZGRF1	POL32	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ZGRF1	FANCM	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CDKN2A	ZGRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CFTR	ZGRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
Ppp2r1a	CCHCR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KIF11	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VPS18	DNAJB5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NEK4	E2F8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSPA4	HSPA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PIP	RBM47	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PTGES3	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (34): ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZGRF1 (Two-hybrid), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Proximity Label-MS), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZGRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A140LI88, A4D1E1, D3Z987, D3ZUC6, E5FYH0, E5FYH1, E9Q3S4, F6ULY3, F7DF15, G3S077, G7H7V7, G7NY55, O35923, O54952, O88491, O95405, P38398, P48754, P51587, P97929, Q0VBV7, Q0VGT4, Q2M3C7, Q3V089, Q56UN5, Q5DTT3, Q5F2C3, Q5VWN6, Q61493, Q68DQ2, Q6J6I8, Q6J6I9, Q6J6J0, Q6NSW3, Q6ZP01, Q7TSY8, Q7Z570, Q80U44, Q864S8, Q864U1

Diamond homologs: A0A1L8HU22, A0KEN2, A0L2N2, A1AV29, A1BAN2, A1JHR7, A1RE25, A2C0H4, A3CYP7, A3QJA8, A4J4X3, A4STD1, A4TSD4, A5D0T6, A5UDC3, A5UI87, A5UUN1, A5VG06, A6UFF8, A6WUE9, A7FCT7, A8HA27, A8LNK8, A9BDY5, A9KW47, A9R677, A9WDC2, B0TER7, B0TN04, B0UUX0, B1JQX0, B1WTF7, B1YKA0, B2JYN6, B3Q620, B7K1T1, B7N9V3, B8CVD1, B8EDQ9, B8G9X1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 29 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
protein folding	5	21.5×	8e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

305 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	254
Likely benign	17
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4628 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:112540120:CAAAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112540818:AAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112540819:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112540820:C:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112540952:CTAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112540955:TCTGG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:112540956:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:112540956:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112547260:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
4:112553829:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112553830:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112553831:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112553832:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112553833:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112553834:CCTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:112562483:CCA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112562484:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112562484:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112562486:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:112563122:AATAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563123:ATACT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563124:TACTC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563125:ACTCA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563126:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563127:TC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563128:CACTG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563129:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:112563129:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:112563130:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
4:112563130:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

13972 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:112539890:A:G	W2049R	0.998
4:112539890:A:T	W2049R	0.998
4:112554749:T:A	R1718S	0.998
4:112554749:T:G	R1718S	0.998
4:112547298:C:G	R1862P	0.997
4:112558165:T:A	D1702V	0.997
4:112558166:C:G	D1702H	0.997
4:112558171:G:T	A1700D	0.997
4:112558287:A:C	S1661R	0.997
4:112558287:A:T	S1661R	0.997
4:112558289:T:G	S1661R	0.997
4:112563266:A:G	W1483R	0.997
4:112563266:A:T	W1483R	0.997
4:112539987:G:C	F2016L	0.996
4:112539987:G:T	F2016L	0.996
4:112539989:A:G	F2016L	0.996
4:112540047:A:C	F1996L	0.996
4:112540047:A:T	F1996L	0.996
4:112540049:A:G	F1996L	0.996
4:112548291:A:C	S1812R	0.996
4:112548291:A:T	S1812R	0.996
4:112548293:T:G	S1812R	0.996
4:112548298:T:A	E1810V	0.996
4:112554750:C:G	R1718T	0.996
4:112558156:A:G	L1705P	0.996
4:112558165:T:G	D1702A	0.996
4:112558176:A:C	N1698K	0.996
4:112558176:A:T	N1698K	0.996
4:112540052:C:G	A1995P	0.995
4:112547364:A:G	L1840P	0.995

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000044420 (4:112559344 G>T), RS1000055225 (4:112582649 G>A), RS1000055279 (4:112576626 T>A,C), RS1000060598 (4:112609635 G>A), RS1000110981 (4:112597226 A>G), RS1000180823 (4:112573839 T>C), RS1000214452 (4:112622316 C>T), RS1000216299 (4:112567087 G>T), RS1000242687 (4:112616314 G>A,C), RS1000245552 (4:112622731 CT>C), RS10002557 (4:112617124 A>G), RS1000269817 (4:112552420 T>C), RS1000290854 (4:112548735 G>C), RS1000370136 (4:112629829 G>A,C,T), RS1000377879 (4:112622411 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes: MIM:602081

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258), childhood apraxia of speech (MONDO:0011184)

Orphanet (2): Isolated childhood apraxia of speech (Orphanet:209908), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Autism (Orphanet:106)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002418_1	Free thyroxine concentration	5.000000e-06
GCST005951_145	Body mass index	4.000000e-08
GCST010701_20	Cortical surface area (MOSTest)	1.000000e-242
GCST010702_74	Subcortical volume (MOSTest)	2.000000e-11
GCST010703_129	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	3.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

38 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases expression	3
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
maleic acid	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1
Calcitriol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Latex	increases expression	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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NCT04623398	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)
NCT04725383	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Amitriptyline for Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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