ZNF445

gene
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Also known as ZKSCAN15ZSCAN47

Summary

ZNF445 (zinc finger protein 445, HGNC:21018) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3p21.31, encoding Zinc finger protein 445 (P59923). Transcription regulator required to maintain maternal and paternal gene imprinting, a process by which gene expression is restricted in a parent of origin-specific manner by epigenetic modification of genomic DNA and chromatin, including DNA methylation.

Enables double-stranded methylated DNA binding activity. Involved in epigenetic programing of female pronucleus and negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island methylation. Located in nucleus.

Source: NCBI Gene 353274 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): syndromic disease (Limited, GenCC)
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 149 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_181489

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:21018
Approved symbolZNF445
Namezinc finger protein 445
Location3p21.31
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesZKSCAN15, ZSCAN47
Ensembl geneENSG00000185219
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM619508
Entrez353274

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 9 — 7 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000396077, ENST00000425708, ENST00000460529, ENST00000474600, ENST00000924004, ENST00000924005, ENST00000924006, ENST00000924007, ENST00000924008

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_181489 NM_001369454, NM_181489

CCDS: CCDS2713

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000396077 — 8 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000010784104444951344449623
ENSE000015237764443170544448739
ENSE000016200764447759144477670
ENSE000017014244445824444458364
ENSE000017269264445044744450573
ENSE000035454834445131444451482
ENSE000036385684445086844450962
ENSE000036906904445512144455696

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 133 present calls, max score 88.25.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 5.0611 / max 68.7528, expressed in 1588 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
418555.06111588

Top tissues by expression

133 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
cortical plateUBERON:000534388.25gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402385.27gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305382.79gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113480.61gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225580.33gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039780.08gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047378.56gold quality
endometriumUBERON:000129578.43gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238578.43gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203777.77gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212977.72gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224577.66gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099277.32gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211977.18gold quality
tonsilUBERON:000237277.04gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489077.01gold quality
urinary bladderUBERON:000125576.35gold quality
uterine cervixUBERON:000000276.11gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211876.05gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000675.97gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985375.95gold quality
myometriumUBERON:000129675.89gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119975.88gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113575.85gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138375.84gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425275.48gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233675.46gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138875.32gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045875.28gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017875.08gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes6.67

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

1 targets.

TargetRegulation
AP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

233 targeting ZNF445, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-4476100.0068.182030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P100.0067.682126
HSA-MIR-4673100.0066.641490
HSA-MIR-574-5P100.0066.01989
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-29A-3P100.0073.111835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P100.0073.181833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P100.0073.151833
HSA-MIR-371B-5P99.9975.344759
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-373-5P99.9875.364753
HSA-MIR-616-5P99.9875.584775
HSA-MIR-4645-5P99.9865.811284
HSA-MIR-50799.9770.111915
HSA-MIR-807599.9767.20962
HSA-MIR-1250-3P99.9670.044038
HSA-MIR-55799.9670.011640
HSA-MIR-55999.9572.283609
HSA-MIR-548AB99.9571.313488
HSA-MIR-548A-5P99.9471.273482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P99.9471.233502

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioprdm2aENSDARG00000090721
mus_musculusZfp445ENSMUSG00000047036
rattus_norvegicusZfp445ENSRNOG00000025554
drosophila_melanogasterCG12769FBGN0033252
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00001223
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00017406
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00019960

Paralogs (7): ZNF423 (ENSG00000102935), ZNF211 (ENSG00000121417), ZNF462 (ENSG00000148143), ZBTB39 (ENSG00000166860), ZNF597 (ENSG00000167981), ZNF786 (ENSG00000197362), ZNF521 (ENSG00000198795)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Zinc finger protein 445P59923 (reviewed: P59923)

Alternative names: Zinc finger protein 168, Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 15

All UniProt accessions (2): B7ZKX2, P59923

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcription regulator required to maintain maternal and paternal gene imprinting, a process by which gene expression is restricted in a parent of origin-specific manner by epigenetic modification of genomic DNA and chromatin, including DNA methylation. Acts by controlling DNA methylation during the earliest multicellular stages of development at multiple imprinting control regions (ICRs). Acts together with ZFP57, but seems to be the major factor in human early embryonic imprinting maintenance. In contrast, in mice, ZFP57 plays the predominant role in imprinting maintenance.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Similarity. Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001356383, NP_852466* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001909KRABDomain
IPR003309SCAN_domDomain
IPR013087Znf_C2H2_typeDomain
IPR036051KRAB_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR036236Znf_C2H2_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR038269SCAN_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00096, PF01352, PF02023

UniProt features (33 total): zinc finger region 14, cross-link 12, domain 2, region of interest 2, chain 1, compositionally biased region 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P59923-F157.220.01

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (12): 28, 317, 374, 375, 399, 567, 654, 736, 758, 938, 956, 975

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-212436Generic Transcription Pathway

MSigDB gene sets: 64 (showing top): GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, STARK_HYPPOCAMPUS_22Q11_DELETION_UP, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, WANG_LMO4_TARGETS_DN, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, GOBP_CHROMATIN_REMODELING, MARTINEZ_RB1_AND_TP53_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_EPIGENETIC_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION, TGGAAA_NFAT_Q4_01, GOMF_CHROMATIN_BINDING, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBERT_OLIGODENDROCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION_DN, GOMF_DOUBLE_STRANDED_METHYLATED_DNA_BINDING, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_UP

GO Biological Process (4): regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island methylation (GO:0044027), epigenetic programing of female pronucleus (GO:0044726), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)

GO Molecular Function (6): chromatin binding (GO:0003682), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), double-stranded methylated DNA binding (GO:0010385), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (1): nucleus (GO:0005634)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
RNA Polymerase II Transcription1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
binding2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic1
epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei1
DNA-templated transcription1
regulation of gene expression1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
transition metal ion binding1
double-stranded DNA binding1
nucleic acid binding1
cation binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

734 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ZNF445TRIM28Q13263699
ZNF445SETDB1Q15047657
ZNF445ZDBF2Q9HCK1546
ZNF445SLC38A4Q969I6511
ZNF445TMEM235A6NFC5488
ZNF445CIMIP2BA8MTA8443
ZNF445G5EA03G5EA03434
ZNF445CFAP96A7E2U8432
ZNF445PTPN23Q9H3S7425
ZNF445NAP1L5Q96NT1424
ZNF445MESTQ5EB52411
ZNF445BAZ1BQ9UIG0394
ZNF445KAT8Q9H7Z6383
ZNF445DLK1P15803380
ZNF445IGF2P01344378

IntAct

86 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
ZNF396ZNF24psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.700
ZNF169ZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF324BZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF707ZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CACNG5ZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF483ZNF197psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF71NVLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
SYT12B4GALT5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CCDC6LZTS3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CBX5WIZpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TRIM28ZNF320psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
RPS3ZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TIMM50ZNF724psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF396ZNF24psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF263AHCYL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NDEL1OFD1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
Cbx1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SetZKSCAN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (85): ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNF445 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1YEQ3, A1YEV9, A1YFW6, A1YG26, A1YG48, A1YG60, A2T6W2, A2T712, A2T736, A2T7L7, A6QNZ0, O14978, O15535, O95125, P17022, P17029, P49910, P51815, P59923, Q07231, Q15776, Q16670, Q1LZ87, Q3MJ62, Q3URR7, Q4KLI1, Q4R8H9, Q53GI3, Q5R670, Q5R741, Q5RJ54, Q63HK3, Q642B9, Q6P9G9, Q810A1, Q86W11, Q8BGS3, Q8CF60, Q8NF99, Q92670

Diamond homologs: A1YEP8, A1YEQ3, A1YEV9, A1YFW2, A1YFW6, A1YG26, A1YG48, A1YG60, A1YGJ4, A1YGK6, A2T6E3, A2T6V8, A2T6W2, A2T712, A2T736, A2T7D2, A2T7D7, A2T7F2, A2T7F4, A2T7L7, A2T812, A6QNZ0, A6QPT6, B2KFW1, O14709, O14771, O14978, O15535, O43309, O60304, O95125, P10073, P17022, P17028, P17029, P17040, P28698, P49910, P51815, P59923

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

149 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance127
Likely benign7
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1425 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
3:44449508:CTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:44449509:TCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
3:44449510:CA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:44449511:ACCTG:Adonor_loss1.0000
3:44449619:TCCCA:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449620:CCCA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449620:CCCAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449621:CCA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449621:CCAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449622:CA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449622:CAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449622:CACT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
3:44449623:ACT:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
3:44449624:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44449624:CT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
3:44449625:T:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
3:44449627:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
3:44450442:CTT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:44450443:TTACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
3:44450444:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
3:44450445:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
3:44450445:ACCC:Adonor_loss1.0000
3:44450446:C:CGdonor_loss1.0000
3:44450446:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
3:44449511:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
3:44449512:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
3:44449628:A:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
3:44450441:ACTT:Adonor_loss0.9900
3:44450445:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
3:44450446:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

6867 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
3:44446626:G:CF1015L0.997
3:44446626:G:TF1015L0.997
3:44446628:A:GF1015L0.997
3:44447274:G:CF799L0.997
3:44447274:G:TF799L0.997
3:44447276:A:GF799L0.997
3:44447063:A:GC870R0.996
3:44447124:A:CF849L0.996
3:44447124:A:TF849L0.996
3:44447126:A:GF849L0.996
3:44447601:A:CF690L0.996
3:44447601:A:TF690L0.996
3:44447603:A:GF690L0.996
3:44448105:G:CF522L0.996
3:44448105:G:TF522L0.996
3:44448107:A:GF522L0.996
3:44447013:A:CH886Q0.994
3:44447013:A:TH886Q0.994
3:44447358:G:CF771L0.994
3:44447358:G:TF771L0.994
3:44447360:A:GF771L0.994
3:44447517:A:CF718L0.994
3:44447517:A:TF718L0.994
3:44447519:A:GF718L0.994
3:44448021:G:CF550L0.994
3:44448021:G:TF550L0.994
3:44448023:A:GF550L0.994
3:44446956:G:CF905L0.993
3:44446956:G:TF905L0.993
3:44446958:A:GF905L0.993

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000138890 (3:44439464 T>C), RS1000146830 (3:44475600 G>C,T), RS1000248826 (3:44444126 C>A,T), RS1000297945 (3:44444376 G>A,C), RS1000327244 (3:44457549 A>G), RS1000557488 (3:44463034 T>C), RS1000565326 (3:44432575 C>A), RS1000744207 (3:44437710 A>C), RS1000747768 (3:44436343 T>C), RS1000875844 (3:44461120 T>A,C), RS1001013757 (3:44442069 A>C), RS1001060626 (3:44449342 G>A,C), RS1001113108 (3:44449033 C>G), RS1001197861 (3:44438130 G>A), RS1001242554 (3:44465220 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619508 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
syndromic diseaseLimitedAutosomal recessive

Mondo (1): syndromic disease (MONDO:0002254)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D013577SyndromeC23.550.288.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

16 total (human), top 16 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Aincreases expression, increases methylation2
TAK-243increases sumoylation1
dicrotophosincreases expression1
terbufosdecreases methylation1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl etherincreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Arsenicaffects methylation1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases methylation1
Fonofosdecreases methylation1
Parathiondecreases methylation1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Tretinoindecreases expression1
Antirheumatic Agentsincreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

25 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00027456PHASE2COMPLETEDLeptin to Treat Severe Insulin Resistance - Pilot Study
NCT00213447Not specifiedCOMPLETEDT Cell Response in Hypersensitivity Syndrome
NCT02240888Not specifiedCOMPLETEDVaccination in Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease (VACCIMIL). The Impact of Antirheumatic Treatment on Antibody Response
NCT02526082Not specifiedACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGLong-term Follow-up of the Helsinki Businessmen Study
NCT02637518Not specifiedUNKNOWNComprehensive Validation of Frailty Assessment Tools in Older Adults in Different Clinical and Social Settings
NCT02971072Not specifiedCOMPLETEDNeurophysiology of Weakness and Exercise in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
NCT02974569Not specifiedCOMPLETEDImproving Symptom Self-management in Adolescents & Young Adults With Cancer
NCT03265561Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSpinal Infection Management With Structural Allograft
NCT04190342Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEffects of a Traditional Chinese Exercise Program on Symptom Cluster in Breast Cancer Patients
NCT04874584Not specifiedCOMPLETEDCulturally Tailored Nurse Coaching Study for Cancer Symptom Management
NCT04909489Not specifiedUNKNOWNPDR and SKYD of Dyslipidemia’s Characteristics From the Oxidative Stress Enhancement Caused by Inhibition of Serine Metabolic Pathway
NCT05218122Not specifiedUNKNOWNCharacteristics of LKDS and PBSS of KOA Based on the Enhancement of Inflammatory Response by TGF-β/Smad Pathway Inhibited
NCT05266118Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPatient Reported Symptoms the First Week After Intensive Care Unit Discharge and up to Hospital Discharge
NCT05321966Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Effect of Video Training on Symptom Burden Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Treatment
NCT05818748Not specifiedUNKNOWNEffect Of Virtual Reality Distraction on Symptom Control and Anxiety in Children With Leukemia
NCT05837988Not specifiedUNKNOWNConstruction of Symptom Network in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
NCT06143436Not specifiedUNKNOWNTCM Constitution, Pattern Types, and Disease Factors in Primary Lung Cancer.
NCT06222008Not specifiedUNKNOWNStudy on Symptom Clusters During Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients With Different Chinese Medicine Constitution
NCT06412107Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSomatic Acupressure for Symptom Cluster Management in Breast Cancer Survivors
NCT06847360Not specifiedRECRUITINGHome-based Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) for IBS Pain
NCT07281300Not specifiedRECRUITINGMindfulness-Oriented Respiratory Distress Symptom Intervention for Lung Cancer
NCT07315672Not specifiedRECRUITINGAcupressure for Cough in Lung Cancer Survivors
NCT07479654Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGAI-Enabled Frailty Risk Prediction in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
NCT07495358Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGDevelopment and Usability Evaluation of a Knowledge Graph-Based Symptom Management System for Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
NCT07576114Not specifiedRECRUITINGComparison of Gluteal Muscle Activation and Core Strengthening in Dead Butt Syndrome Syndrome
  • Associated diseases: syndromic disease
  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): syndromic disease