ZNF862

Summary

ZNF862 (zinc finger protein 862, HGNC:34519) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q36.1, encoding Zinc finger protein 862 (O60290). May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

Predicted to enable protein dimerization activity and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be located in nucleus.

Source: NCBI Gene 643641 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): hereditary gingival fibromatosis (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 240 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 4
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001099220

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:34519
Approved symbol	ZNF862
Name	zinc finger protein 862
Location	7q36.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000106479
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	620974
Entrez	643641

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 2 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000223210, ENST00000460379, ENST00000466435, ENST00000478024, ENST00000488265, ENST00000489820

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001099220 NM_001099220

CCDS: CCDS47741

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000223210 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000729590	149860383	149862494
ENSE00000729593	149850161	149850338
ENSE00000729594	149847735	149848432
ENSE00001556401	149838375	149838635
ENSE00001892132	149864109	149867479
ENSE00003509964	149846151	149846255
ENSE00003511383	149844625	149844736
ENSE00003519700	149859422	149859526

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 257 present calls, max score 92.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.2097 / max 114.8289, expressed in 1753 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
81910	9.2097	1753

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	92.36	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	91.21	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	91.05	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	90.94	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	88.12	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	87.77	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	87.55	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	87.32	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	87.10	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	87.02	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	86.32	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	86.31	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	86.29	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	86.18	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	86.16	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	86.06	silver quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	86.02	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	85.97	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	85.81	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	85.75	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	85.54	silver quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	85.30	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	85.17	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	85.15	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	85.00	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	84.94	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	84.80	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	84.76	silver quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	84.73	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	84.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	4.24

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

78 targeting ZNF862, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-4476	100.00	68.18	2030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P	100.00	67.68	2126
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-515-5P	99.92	69.82	2343
HSA-MIR-454-3P	99.91	74.01	1925
HSA-MIR-130A-3P	99.90	73.31	1861
HSA-MIR-130B-3P	99.90	73.27	1850
HSA-MIR-301A-3P	99.90	73.15	1839
HSA-MIR-301B-3P	99.90	73.19	1836
HSA-MIR-3666	99.90	73.24	1833
HSA-MIR-4295	99.90	73.11	1838
HSA-MIR-3065-3P	99.87	70.25	1407
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-4530	99.69	66.47	1509
HSA-MIR-3202	99.66	67.70	2737
HSA-MIR-10394-5P	99.65	66.83	1852
HSA-MIR-1205	99.65	66.76	1826
HSA-MIR-3158-5P	99.65	67.51	1763
HSA-MIR-378A-5P	99.65	66.33	1311
HSA-MIR-1260A	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-1260B	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-6716-5P	99.56	68.62	1244

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• A novel gene ZNF862 causes hereditary gingival fibromatosis. (PMID:35142290)
• ZNF862 induces cytostasis and apoptosis via the p21-RB1 and Bcl-xL-Caspase 3 signaling pathways in human gingival fibroblasts. (PMID:38482719)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000091106

Paralogs (1): KRBOX5 (ENSG00000197302)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Zinc finger protein 862 — O60290 (reviewed: O60290)

All UniProt accessions (2): O60290, C9JB70

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Disease relevance. Fibromatosis, gingival, 6 (GINGF6) [MIM:620999] An autosomal dominant form of hereditary gingival fibromatosis, a rare condition characterized by a slow, progressive overgrowth of the gingiva. The excess gingival tissue can cover part of or the entire crown, and can result in diastemas, teeth displacement, or retention of primary or impacted teeth. GINGF6 is characterized by gingival overgrowth beginning in the first decade of life. The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O60290-1	1	yes
O60290-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001092690* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001909	KRAB	Domain
IPR006580	Znf_TTF	Domain
IPR008906	HATC_C_dom	Domain
IPR012337	RNaseH-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036051	KRAB_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF01352, PF05699

UniProt features (9 total): domain 2, zinc finger region 2, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O60290-F1	67.08	0.26

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 133 (showing top): GSE45365_CTRL_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_NK_CELL_UP, CAIRO_HEPATOBLASTOMA_CLASSES_DN, GOMF_PROTEIN_DIMERIZATION_ACTIVITY, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_DN, FIGUEROA_AML_METHYLATION_CLUSTER_6_DN, KRAS.AMP.LUNG_UP.V1_DN, KRAS.LUNG_UP.V1_DN, FOXN3_TARGET_GENES, GUCY1B1_TARGET_GENES, HOXB6_TARGET_GENES, KAT2A_TARGET_GENES, LMTK3_TARGET_GENES, MAFG_TARGET_GENES, NKX2_3_TARGET_GENES, RYBP_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (2): regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), biological_process (GO:0008150)

GO Molecular Function (4): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), molecular_function (GO:0003674), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), cellular_component (GO:0005575)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
transition metal ion binding	1
protein binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

834 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ZNF862	ASCC1	Q8N9N2	523
ZNF862	PGBD2	Q6P3X8	510
ZNF862	ZBED8	Q8IZ13	498
ZNF862	ACOT7	O00154	476
ZNF862	MRPL45	Q9BRJ2	476
ZNF862	PGBD1	Q96JS3	450
ZNF862	GIN1	Q9NXP7	446
ZNF862	C7orf33	Q8WU49	435
ZNF862	FAM216A	Q8WUB2	427
ZNF862	DRC11L	A6NCM1	419
ZNF862	PGBD5	Q8N414	415
ZNF862	A0A087WTJ2	A0A087WTJ2	394
ZNF862	THAP9	Q9H5L6	390
ZNF862	PRDM9	Q9NQV7	387
ZNF862	NAIF1	Q69YI7	385

IntAct

6 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ZNF862	TTC28	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ZNF862	ATXN7L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF862		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
ATN1	ZNF862	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (4): ZNF862 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ZNF862 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ZNF862 (Protein-peptide), CPT1A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KMX0, A4IFA3, A4IGY9, A4Z943, A4Z944, B8QB46, D2EAC2, E1C2V1, O43422, O60290, P10911, P35125, P86452, Q13075, Q2NKX8, Q3UPF5, Q49AG3, Q5FWF4, Q5SVZ6, Q5T890, Q5TKR9, Q6DJS0, Q6EKJ0, Q6R2W3, Q6YI93, Q7Z2W4, Q80WE4, Q86UP8, Q86VD1, Q8BZ21, Q8N8K9, Q8QMP8, Q8TDB6, Q8WML3, Q92794, Q96JM7, Q96JS3, Q99388, Q99NI3, Q9CUX1

Diamond homologs: A6NFI3, A6NM28, A6NNF4, A6QLU5, A8MQ14, A8MUV8, B4DU55, B4DX44, E9Q8G5, O60290, O75290, O75467, O94892, O95780, P0DPD5, P17014, P17031, P17032, P17097, P17098, P21506, P51523, P59923, Q02525, Q03936, Q05481, Q06732, Q08DG8, Q14586, Q14590, Q15928, Q16587, Q2M218, Q2TL60, Q3B7M4, Q3KQV3, Q3SXZ3, Q49AA0, Q4R6C2, Q4R8H9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

240 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	209
Likely benign	18
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
870571	NM_001099220.3(ZNF862):c.2812G>A (p.Ala938Thr)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1558 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:149838472:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
7:149844726:G:GA	donor_gain	1.0000
7:149846142:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846143:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846146:CTCAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:149846148:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:149846149:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846149:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846150:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846150:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846150:GGACC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:149846253:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149846254:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149846256:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149846256:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
7:149846257:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850334:CTTGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850335:TTGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850336:TGGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850338:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850339:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149850340:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:149838462:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
7:149844725:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
7:149844736:GGTA:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:149846150:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:149846150:GGAC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:149846251:CCCAG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
7:149850158:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:149850159:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

7663 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:149860583:T:A	W475R	0.999
7:149860583:T:C	W475R	0.999
7:149860619:T:C	C487R	0.999
7:149860628:T:A	C490S	0.999
7:149860628:T:C	C490R	0.999
7:149860629:G:C	C490S	0.999
7:149860630:C:G	C490W	0.999
7:149860707:T:C	L516S	0.999
7:149860715:C:G	H519D	0.999
7:149860845:C:A	A562D	0.999
7:149860957:C:G	C599W	0.999
7:149860565:T:A	W469R	0.998
7:149860565:T:C	W469R	0.998
7:149860577:T:C	F473L	0.998
7:149860579:C:A	F473L	0.998
7:149860579:C:G	F473L	0.998
7:149860585:G:C	W475C	0.998
7:149860585:G:T	W475C	0.998
7:149860587:T:C	L476S	0.998
7:149860619:T:A	C487S	0.998
7:149860620:G:A	C487Y	0.998
7:149860620:G:C	C487S	0.998
7:149860621:C:G	C487W	0.998
7:149860629:G:A	C490Y	0.998
7:149860668:T:C	L503S	0.998
7:149860696:A:C	K512N	0.998
7:149860696:A:T	K512N	0.998
7:149860715:C:A	H519N	0.998
7:149860717:T:A	H519Q	0.998
7:149860717:T:G	H519Q	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000232646 (7:149855991 A>C), RS1000487506 (7:149849724 G>A,C), RS1000558298 (7:149844960 T>C), RS1000582694 (7:149851075 G>C), RS1000682365 (7:149838771 C>G,T), RS1000796494 (7:149860008 C>T), RS1000847353 (7:149865833 C>A,T), RS1000862184 (7:149861276 G>A), RS1000962512 (7:149856966 C>G), RS1001039730 (7:149851418 G>A,T), RS1001057591 (7:149856753 G>A,T), RS1001299515 (7:149855797 T>C), RS1001564748 (7:149837307 G>A), RS1001585799 (7:149864508 A>G), RS1001699132 (7:149866730 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620974 | disease phenotypes: MIM:620999

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
hereditary gingival fibromatosis	Limited	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (3): long QT syndrome (MONDO:0002442), fibromatosis, gingival, 6 (MONDO:0975841), hereditary gingival fibromatosis (MONDO:0016070)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

4 total (4 of 4 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000169	Gingival fibromatosis
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0011463	Childhood onset

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST012048_10	Triglyceride levels	2.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D008133	Long QT Syndrome	C14.280.067.565; C14.280.123.625; C16.131.240.400.715; C23.550.073.547

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
afuresertib	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	decreases methylation	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

66 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02513940	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Influence of Testosterone Administration on Drug-Induced QT Interval Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes
NCT03834883	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Reducing the Risk of Drug-Induced QT Interval Lengthening in Women
NCT04169100	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Novel Form of Acquired Long QT Syndrome
NCT04675788	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Novel Approaches for Minimizing Drug-Induced QT Interval Lengthening
NCT01648205	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Long-term Efficacy Study of Sodium Channel Blocker in LQT3 Patients
NCT02412709	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Long QT Syndrome Screening in Newborns
NCT04581408	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Mutation-specific Therapy for the Long QT Syndrome
NCT00316459	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Study Evaluating the Effects of Multiple Oral Doses of ERB-041 on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Subjects
NCT01849003	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Study of the Effect of GS-6615 in Subjects With LQT-3
NCT02365532	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Effect of Oral GS-6615 on Dofetilide-Induced QT Prolongation, Safety, and Tolerability in Healthy Adults
NCT02412098	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics of Eleclazine in Adults With Normal and Impaired Hepatic Function
NCT02441829	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics of Eleclazine in Adults With Normal and Impaired Renal Function
NCT05759962	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Phase 1 Study of LQT-1213 in Healthy Adults
NCT05906732	PHASE1/PHASE2	TERMINATED	Study of LQT-1213 on QTc-induced Prolongation in Healthy Adult Subjects (Part1) and on Congenital Long QT in Patients Diagnosed With Type 2 or 3 Long QT Syndrome (Part 2).
NCT00005176	Not specified	COMPLETED	Long QT Syndrome-Population Genetics and Cardiac Studies
NCT00005250	Not specified	COMPLETED	Linkage Study of Long QT Syndrome In An Amish Kindred
NCT00005367	Not specified	COMPLETED	Epidemiology of Long QTand Asian Sudden Death in Sleep
NCT00221832	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Molecular Genetic Screening and Identification of Congenital Arrhythmogenic Diseases
NCT00292032	Not specified	COMPLETED	Registry of Unexplained Cardiac Arrest
NCT00335036	Not specified	TERMINATED	Pediatric Lead Extractability and Survival Evaluation (PLEASE)
NCT00399412	Not specified	COMPLETED	ECG Signal Collection From Long QT Syndrome, Wide QRS Complexes, Heart Failure, and Cardiac Resynchronization Patients
NCT00488254	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Long QT Syndrome in Pregnancy
NCT00588965	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Beta-blocker Therapy on QTc Response in Exercise and Recovery in Normal Subjects
NCT01705925	Not specified	COMPLETED	Multicenter Evaluation of Children and Young Adults With Genotype Positive Long QT Syndrome
NCT01903564	Not specified	COMPLETED	Fetal and Neonatal Magnetophysiology
NCT02082431	Not specified	COMPLETED	Determine the Incidence of Long QT Amongst a Large Cohort of Subjects Diagnosed With Unilateral or Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
NCT02413450	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells to Heritable Cardiac Arrhythmias
NCT02425189	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Canadian National Long QT Syndrome Registry
NCT02439645	Not specified	TERMINATED	A Registry to Determine the Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Torsade De Pointes
NCT02439658	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Genetics of QT Prolongation With Antiarrhythmics
NCT02549664	Not specified	COMPLETED	Exercise in Genetic Cardiovascular Conditions
NCT02581241	Not specified	COMPLETED	Abnormal QT-Response to the Sudden Tachycardia Provoked by Standing in Individuals With Drug-induced Long QT Syndrome
NCT02680080	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Grapefruit on QT Interval in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Congenital Long QT Syndrome
NCT02775513	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Metabolism of Patients With Genetically Caused Cardiac Arrhythmia
NCT02814981	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Hydroxyzine and Risk of Prolongation of QT Interval
NCT02876380	Not specified	COMPLETED	Prospective Identification of Long QT Syndrome in Fetal Life
NCT03182777	Not specified	COMPLETED	Safety of Local Dental Anesthesia in Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies
NCT03544918	Not specified	COMPLETED	Prevalence of Congenital Long QT Syndrome and Acquired QT Prolongation in a Hospital Cohort
NCT03642405	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Drug-induced Repolarization ECG Changes
NCT03678311	Not specified	COMPLETED	Long QT Syndrome and Sleep Apnea