ZP4

Summary

ZP4 (zona pellucida glycoprotein 4, HGNC:15770) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q43, encoding Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 (Q12836). Component of the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes which mediates sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy.

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved ZP domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies. Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1. However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4.

Source: NCBI Gene 57829 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): schizophrenia (No Known Disease Relationship, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 102 total
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.17 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_021186
• Notable: 102 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15770
Approved symbol	ZP4
Name	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4
Location	1q43
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ZPB, ZPB2, ZP1B
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000116996
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613514
Entrez	57829

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

MANE Select: ENST00000366570

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000366570, ENST00000611898

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_021186 NM_021186

CCDS: CCDS1615

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000366570 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000793657	237890055	237890176
ENSE00000793658	237889867	237889969
ENSE00000793659	237888358	237888510
ENSE00000793660	237887374	237887561
ENSE00000793661	237886771	237886868
ENSE00000793662	237885756	237885886
ENSE00000793663	237885391	237885580
ENSE00000793664	237885165	237885315
ENSE00000805426	237882742	237882846
ENSE00000805427	237884769	237884847
ENSE00001442058	237882404	237882549
ENSE00003733451	237890461	237890922

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 18 present calls, max score 98.96.

Highest expression (Bgee): oocyte, secondary oocyte, pancreatic ductal cell, tibialis anterior, cartilage tissue.

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 242 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	98.96	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	97.90	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	83.09	silver quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	80.23	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	76.05	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	74.01	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	62.23	silver quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	54.88	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	54.23	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	53.93	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	53.52	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	53.24	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	52.43	silver quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	50.48	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	48.44	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	47.03	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	45.40	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	43.55	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	43.53	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	43.37	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	41.85	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	41.33	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	41.10	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	40.98	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	40.69	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	40.59	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	40.57	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	40.45	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	40.43	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	40.33	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	40.29	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	40.27	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	40.18	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	40.14	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	40.03	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	39.98	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	39.95	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	39.83	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	39.81	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	39.80	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	39.79	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	39.77	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	39.75	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	39.70	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	39.68	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	39.68	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	39.65	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	39.65	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	39.64	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	39.64	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	39.64	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	39.63	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	39.60	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	39.57	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	39.57	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	39.56	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	39.55	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	39.53	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	39.51	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	39.50	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	39.48	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	39.47	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	39.46	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	39.45	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	39.40	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	39.38	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	39.37	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	39.37	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	39.37	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	39.35	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	39.35	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	39.35	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	39.33	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	39.32	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	39.31	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	39.27	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	39.23	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	39.23	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	39.23	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	39.22	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	39.18	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	39.18	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	39.15	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	39.11	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	39.05	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	39.00	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	38.98	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	38.93	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	38.81	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	38.75	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	38.75	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	38.74	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	38.72	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	38.66	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	38.55	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	38.52	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	38.32	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	38.12	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	37.40	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	37.39	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-36552	yes	163.58
E-ANND-3	yes	3.78

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

7 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Ovary	tissue	3.6	high
Midbrain	tissue	0.2
Tonsil	tissue	0.2	not detected
Pons	tissue	0.1
Placenta	tissue	0.1	not detected
Thymus	tissue	0.1
Hippocampal formation	tissue	0.1

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 3; highest nTPM — Dorsal motor vagal complex (0.1), Nucleus tractus solitarii (0.1), Subiculum (0.1).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 7.33e-21, LOEUF 1.17, missense Z -1.19 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000366570 — one region, missense o/e 1.18.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 10)

• ZPB induces acrosomal exocytosis through a Gi independent pathway. (PMID:15805145)
• Binding sites for recombinant zona pellucida B (ZPB) glycoprotein are located both at the N- and C-terminus of proacrosin (PMID:15950651)
• Exposure of sperm to ZP proteins promoted acrosomal exocytosis and changed motility patterns. (PMID:16407501)
• induces acrosome reactions which are protein kinase-C, protein tyrosine kinase, T-type Ca2+ channels, and extracellular Ca2+ dependent (PMID:18667750)
• a significant decrease in acrosomal exocytosis mediated by both recombinant human ZP3 (p<0.005) and ZP4 (p<0.005) was observed in presence of the immune sera (PMID:19004505)
• Human ZP4 is not sufficient to support human sperm binding to the zona pellucida in transgenic mice; other zona proteins may be needed for human gamete recognition. (PMID:21173071)
• ZO4 is highly expressed in ovarian tissue in PCOS patients with regular cycle and without hyperandrogenism; in some patients with PCOS and infertility, ZP4 mutation can be found. (PMID:25740067)
• ZP4 gene SNPs rs547984, rs540782, rs693421, rs2499601 are not associated with open-angle glaucoma among ethnic Hans from Sichuan. (PMID:30298508)
• Zona Pellucida Proteins, Fibrils, and Matrix. (PMID:32569527)
• Mutations in ZP4 are associated with abnormal zona pellucida and female infertility. (PMID:33461974)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
		ENSDARG00000113246
rattus_norvegicus	Zp4	ENSRNOG00000027506

Paralogs (4): ZP2 (ENSG00000103310), QRICH2 (ENSG00000129646), ZP1 (ENSG00000149506), C16orf96 (ENSG00000205832)

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Mus musculus	O08524	94.2%	Diamond
Macaca radiata	O77726	94.2%	Diamond
Canis lupus familiaris	P47983	83.0%	Diamond
Felis catus	P47984	83.0%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	P42099	78.0%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q9BH10	78.0%	Diamond
Oryctolagus cuniculus	Q00193	69.6%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
MIR4428	ncRNA	100616141
RYR2	protein-coding	6262
MT1HL1	protein-coding	645745

Protein

Protein identifiers

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 — Q12836 (reviewed: Q12836)

Alternative names: Zona pellucida glycoprotein 4, Zona pellucida protein B

All UniProt accessions (1): Q12836

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes which mediates sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy. The zona pellucida is composed of 3 to 4 glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. ZP4 may act as a sperm receptor.

Subcellular location. Zona pellucida Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in oocytes.

Post-translational modifications. Proteolytically cleaved before the transmembrane segment to yield the secreted ectodomain incorporated in the zona pellucida.

Domain organisation. The ZP domain is involved in the polymerization of the ZP proteins to form the zona pellucida.

Similarity. Belongs to the ZP domain family. ZPB subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_067009* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000519	P_trefoil_dom	Domain
IPR001507	ZP_dom	Domain
IPR017957	P_trefoil_CS	Conserved_site
IPR017977	ZP_dom_CS	Conserved_site
IPR042235	ZP-C_dom	Homologous_superfamily
IPR044913	P_trefoil_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR048290	ZP_chr	Domain
IPR051148	Zona_Pellucida_Domain_gp	Family
IPR054554	ZP1/4_Ig-like	Domain
IPR055355	ZP-C	Domain
IPR055356	ZP-N	Domain

Pfam: PF00088, PF00100, PF22821, PF23344

UniProt features (19 total): glycosylation site 7, chain 2, sequence variant 2, topological domain 2, domain 2, signal peptide 1, disulfide bond 1, propeptide 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q12836-F1	74.90	0.24

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1)

Type	Positions
Disulfide bond	367–442

Glycosylation sites (7)

Type	Positions
N-linked (glcnac…) asparagine	202, 219, 267, 470, 474, 69
O-linked (galnac…) threonine	302

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 3; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

3 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-2534343	Interaction With Cumulus Cells And The Zona Pellucida	curated
R-HSA-1187000	Fertilization	—
R-HSA-1474165	Reproduction	—

MSigDB gene sets: 77 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_SINGLE_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_REPRODUCTIVE_PROCESS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_REPRODUCTIVE_PROCESS, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_EXOCYTOSIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOMF_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT, GOBP_SPERM_EGG_RECOGNITION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION

GO Biological Process (8): positive regulation of humoral immune response (GO:0002922), binding of sperm to zona pellucida (GO:0007339), positive regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042102), prevention of polyspermy (GO:0060468), acrosomal vesicle exocytosis (GO:0060478), positive regulation of acrosome reaction (GO:2000344), negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida (GO:2000360), single fertilization (GO:0007338)

GO Molecular Function (4): acrosin binding (GO:0032190), structural constituent of egg coat (GO:0035804), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): extracellular region (GO:0005576), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), egg coat (GO:0035805)

Reactome top-level categories

2 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Fertilization	1
Reproduction	1

GO top-level categories

28 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
acrosome reaction	2
regulation of humoral immune response	1
humoral immune response	1
positive regulation of immune response	1
sperm-egg recognition	1
T cell proliferation	1
regulation of T cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	1
positive regulation of T cell activation	1
egg activation	1
negative regulation of fertilization	1
calcium-ion regulated exocytosis	1
regulation of acrosome reaction	1
positive regulation of reproductive process	1
binding of sperm to zona pellucida	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
negative regulation of reproductive process	1
regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida	1
fertilization	1
enzyme binding	1
extracellular matrix structural constituent	1
egg coat	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
specialized extracellular matrix	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 8 of 15 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

8 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
acrosomal vesicle exocytosis	BP	mutant phenotype
negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida	BP	direct assay
positive regulation of T cell proliferation	BP	direct assay
positive regulation of acrosome reaction	BP	direct assay
positive regulation of humoral immune response	BP	direct assay
egg coat	CC	direct assay
acrosin binding	MF	physical interaction
identical protein binding	MF	physical interaction

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 740 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ZP4	ZP3	P21754	981
ZP4	GDF9	O60383	775
ZP4	FIGLA	Q6QHK4	721
ZP4	ZP2	Q05996	698
ZP4	CACNA1G	O43497	648
ZP4	BMP15	O95972	641
ZP4	ASTL	Q6HA08	606
ZP4	P4HA2	O15460	591
ZP4	IZUMO1	Q8IYV9	577
ZP4	NOBOX	O60393	577
ZP4	MMUT	P22033	556
ZP4	DAZL	Q92904	499
ZP4	ZAR1	Q86SH2	497
ZP4	NLRP5	P59047	491
ZP4	CACNA1C	Q13936	490

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ZP4 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

9 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
GSTM3	physical association	0.520	2
ACR	direct interaction	0.440	3
ALDOA	physical association	0.400	1
ENO1	physical association	0.400	1
GAPDHS	physical association	0.400	1
GPX4	physical association	0.400	1
ODF2	physical association	0.400	1
PKM	physical association	0.400	1
TPI1	physical association	0.400	1

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ZP4: 102 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 8 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

102 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	83
Likely benign	13
Benign	4

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 28 predictions of 898):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
1:237882847–237882848	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
1:237885581–237885582	acceptor_loss	1.0000	3
1:237885592	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:237886769–237886770	donor_loss	1.0000	5
1:237888511–237888512	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
1:237888518	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:237890053–237890054	donor_loss	1.0000	5
1:237890185	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:237882847	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:237882850	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

524 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 3,512 scored), across 159 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
F422	8	0.940	0.994
F417	8	0.910	0.989
F424	8	0.902	0.980
D393	8	0.898	0.958
C367	7	0.959	0.983
C442	7	0.957	0.981
W381	7	0.917	0.987
C285	7	0.915	0.946
F235	7	0.913	0.961
C388	7	0.909	0.969
C189	7	0.897	0.942
C242	7	0.867	0.906
C128	7	0.853	0.948
C164	7	0.852	0.907
W368	7	0.850	0.978
C169	7	0.849	0.931
C179	7	0.845	0.889
C154	7	0.837	0.905
C34	7	0.822	0.912
F279	7	0.822	0.912

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Not detected

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613514 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
schizophrenia	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (1): schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090)

GWAS associations

8 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010002_8	Refractive error	7e-10
GCST005436_1	C-peptide levels in type I diabetes	4e-8
GCST000041_1	Hypertension	8e-7
GCST000767_4	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology (AST)	2e-6
GCST009391_855	Metabolite levels	3e-6
GCST005435_1	Stimulated C-peptide levels in type I diabetes	4e-6
GCST009391_1241	Metabolite levels	4e-6
GCST009391_705	Metabolite levels	6e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

4 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005187	C-peptide measurement
EFO:0010404	triacylglycerol 48:1 measurement
EFO:0010356	lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 measurement
EFO:0010401	triacylglycerol 46:1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

8 total (human), top 8 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 600 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	Phase 4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	Phase 4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00044187	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044655	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
NCT00114595	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
NCT00130923	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Long-acting Versus Oral Risperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder
NCT00137020	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
NCT00145847	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Schizophrenia
NCT00148564	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Energy Homeostasis Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics
NCT00156715	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	Phase 4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	Phase 4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety
NCT00177580	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improving Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder by Supplementing Medications With Pravastatin
NCT00182442	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Cognition, Functioning and Quality of Life
NCT00182494	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Diabetes Prevention Program in Schizophrenia [DPPS]
NCT00183625	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Supported Employment and Skills Training in Conjunction With Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia Patients
NCT00186771	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
NCT00190749	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Olanzapine and a Comparator in Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00191555	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Switching Stabilized Schizophrenic Patients From Conventional to Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment
NCT00194025	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Valproate in Late Life Schizophrenia
NCT00199940	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Safety And Efficacy Study Of Ziprasidone In Pediatric Psychotic Illness
NCT00202306	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Indicated Prevention of Psychotic Disorders With Low-dose Lithium
NCT00203788	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improving Work Outcome in People With Recent-onset Schizophrenia
NCT00204061	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Early Pharmacological and Psychological Intervention for Late Prodromal States of Psychosis
NCT00205660	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Changes in Adiposity, Metabolic Measures From Atypicals to Aripiprazole
NCT00206102	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Cataractogenic Potential of Seroquel and Risperdal in the Treatment of Participants With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00208143	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Seroquel Therapy for Substance Use Disorders Comorbid With Schizophrenia
NCT00208169	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Abilify Therapy for Reducing Comorbid Substance Abuse
NCT00214578	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Seroquel on Glucose Metabolism
NCT00215579	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Determining the Effects of Risperdal Consta in Patients With Psychotic Disorders and Incomplete Adherence
NCT00216528	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Symptomatic Remission in Schizophrenia With Long Acting Risperidone Microspheres
NCT00216632	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Treatment Success in Changing From Olanzapine to Long-acting Injectable Risperidone (RISPERDAL® CONSTA™)