Send feedback

ZSWIM2

gene
On this page

Also known as MGC33890ZZZ2MEX

Summary

ZSWIM2 (zinc finger SWIM-type containing 2, HGNC:30990) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q32.1, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZSWIM2 (Q8NEG5). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of Fas-, DR3- and DR4-mediated apoptosis.

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in apoptotic process and protein polyubiquitination. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.

Source: NCBI Gene 151112 — automated summary from GO annotations (Alliance of Genome Resources).

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 5
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 85 total
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 10 tissues, sQTL in 1 (q < 0.05)
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.06 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_182521
  • Notable: 85 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:30990
Approved symbolZSWIM2
Namezinc finger SWIM-type containing 2
Location2q32.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGC33890, ZZZ2, MEX
Ensembl geneENSG00000163012
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
Entrez151112

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

MANE Select: ENST00000295131

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000295131, ENST00000419862, ENST00001138065

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_182521 NM_182521

CCDS: CCDS33348

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000295131 — 9 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001070635186827475186828790
ENSE00001070637186833946186834030
ENSE00001070639186848966186849170
ENSE00001070640186833120186833232
ENSE00001070641186838959186839169
ENSE00001070642186829727186829880
ENSE00001130202186837306186837554
ENSE00001241066186844717186844757
ENSE00003506878186847719186847795

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 61 present calls, max score 88.60.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0196 / max 12.6304, expressed in 5 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, testis, sperm, adenohypophysis.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ZSWIM2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 10 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 1 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

11 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Testissqtl1.3e-13+0.612:186850731:C:T
Testiseqtl7.3e-11+0.192:186852402:T:C
Adipose Visceral Omentumeqtl2.2e-07-0.342:186842713:C:A
Cells Cultured fibroblastseqtl2.2e-07-0.192:186850731:C:T
Adipose Subcutaneouseqtl1.3e-05-0.272:186824351:C:T
Pituitaryeqtl3.0e-04-0.332:186843992:C:T
Brain Nucleus accumbens basal gangliaeqtl3.0e-04-0.442:186840395:A:G
Brain Cortexeqtl5.8e-04-0.782:186870952:A:G
Brain Caudate basal gangliaeqtl1.3e-03-0.392:186825547:C:G
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9eqtl1.3e-02-0.462:186846434:T:G
Brain Putamen basal gangliaeqtl4.1e-02+0.722:187005848:A:G

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
327930.01285
327940.00693

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 222 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047388.60gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099166.55gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453366.49gold quality
testisUBERON:000047365.92gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453465.19gold quality
spermCL:000001965.12silver quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219656.38gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000755.59gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233654.37silver quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894950.79silver quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045148.50gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534348.33gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354046.22gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189845.69gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188245.53gold quality
cardia of stomachUBERON:000116245.46gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187044.50gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225544.37gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195043.85gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451143.37gold quality
forebrainUBERON:000189043.30gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983442.62gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065542.57gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095642.53gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983542.24gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281041.95gold quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137941.41gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137741.37gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161441.33gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000641.12gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181241.10gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187341.03gold quality
brainUBERON:000095541.00gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503040.98gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017340.69gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039940.59gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150740.57gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195140.45gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234940.45gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194940.43gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130440.33gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692040.29gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450240.27gold quality
jejunumUBERON:000211540.18gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198740.11gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176540.07gold quality
cartilage tissueUBERON:000241840.06gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305340.03gold quality
oviduct epitheliumUBERON:000480440.03gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243640.02silver quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499339.95gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202139.94silver quality
deltoidUBERON:000147639.83gold quality
saphenous veinUBERON:000731839.83gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183139.81gold quality
oocyteCL:000002339.80gold quality
urethraUBERON:000005739.80gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208039.79gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195439.77silver quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240739.77gold quality
layer of synovial tissueUBERON:000761639.77gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011539.75gold quality
synovial jointUBERON:000221739.70gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004439.68gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203039.68gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232839.65gold quality
deciduaUBERON:000245039.65gold quality
penisUBERON:000098939.64gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182839.64gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218539.64gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167539.63gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818839.60gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536339.57gold quality
superior surface of tongueUBERON:000737139.56gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116639.55gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036239.53gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098839.51gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187439.50gold quality
thymusUBERON:000237039.50gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189639.48gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722739.47gold quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031739.45gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240039.45gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355439.40gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189739.38gold quality
tongueUBERON:000172339.37gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472039.37gold quality
oral cavityUBERON:000016739.35gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190639.35gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266139.35silver quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269139.35gold quality
tracheaUBERON:000312639.33gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187239.32gold quality
vena cavaUBERON:000408739.31gold quality
pharyngeal mucosaUBERON:000035539.27gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196539.23gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240139.23gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258139.23gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187639.22gold quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247739.18gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes3.92

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enriched

35 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPM
Testistissue8.7
Periaqueductal graytissue4.0
Basal gangliatissue2.1
Hippocampal formationtissue1.6
Septumtissue1.6
Amygdalatissue1.5
Cerebral cortextissue1.4
Hypothalamustissue1.4
Olfactory bulbtissue1.4
Insular cortextissue1.4
Ponstissue1.3
Retrosplenial cortextissue1.3
Entorhinal cortextissue1.2
Somatosensory cortextissue1.2
Occipital cortextissue1.2
Prefrontal cortextissue1.1
Cerebellumtissue1.1
Ventral forebraintissue1.1
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue1.1
Temporal cortextissue1.1
Corpus callosumtissue1.0
Motor cortextissue0.9
Midbraintissue0.8
Medulla oblongatatissue0.8
Thalamustissue0.8
Putamentissue0.7
Pituitary glandtissue0.6
Superior colliculitissue0.6
Substantia nigratissue0.6
Spinal cordtissue0.5
Nucleus accumbenstissue0.2
Locus coeruleustissue0.2
Choroid plexustissue0.1
Hippocampustissue0.1
Postcentral gyrustissue0.1

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 146; highest nTPM — Dorsal hippocampus (1.6), Subiculum (1.4), Ventral hippocampus (1.4), White matter (1.0), Arcuate nucleus (0.6).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ZSWIM2 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 36 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3924100.0072.092394
HSA-MIR-4262100.0073.263931
HSA-MIR-181A-5P99.9972.962995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P99.9972.972996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P99.9972.952996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P99.9973.042997
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-569699.9872.364487
HSA-MIR-60799.9773.625593
HSA-MIR-335-3P99.9373.364958
HSA-MIR-454-3P99.9174.011925
HSA-MIR-367199.9073.043897
HSA-MIR-153-5P99.8973.866317
HSA-MIR-391999.8769.452489
HSA-MIR-579-3P99.8671.663628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P99.8471.653590
HSA-MIR-7856-5P99.7569.992901
HSA-MIR-607399.6070.36793
HSA-MIR-3942-3P99.5769.032854
HSA-MIR-1212399.5271.792990
HSA-MIR-608399.4768.732393
HSA-MIR-608099.4369.43373
HSA-MIR-3140-5P99.3969.041136
HSA-MIR-329-5P99.2768.111597
HSA-MIR-664A-3P99.2271.082696
HSA-MIR-519099.1567.761234
HSA-MIR-446498.9567.73820
HSA-MIR-474898.9567.53810
HSA-MIR-138-2-3P98.9168.331643
HSA-MIR-607498.8969.642187

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 8.18e-08, LOEUF 1.06, missense Z -0.344 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000295131 — one region, missense o/e 1.06.

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriozswim2ENSDARG00000075700
mus_musculusZswim2ENSMUSG00000034552
rattus_norvegicusZswim2ENSRNOG00000032579

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Arabidopsis thalianaF4HZZ482.7%Diamond
Oryza sativa Japonica GroupQ10R9369.1%Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-Q9P7E158.7%Diamond
Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1Q8SV3558.1%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
CALCRLprotein-coding10203
FAM171Bprotein-coding165215
TFPIprotein-coding7035
CALCRL-AS1ncRNA105373786
ITGAVprotein-coding3685

Protein

Protein identifiers

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZSWIM2 — Q8NEG5 (reviewed: Q8NEG5)

Alternative names: MEKK1-related protein X, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase ZSWIM2, ZZ-type zinc finger-containing protein 2, Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 2

All UniProt accessions (2): Q8NEG5, F8WCC6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of Fas-, DR3- and DR4-mediated apoptosis. Functions in conjunction with the UBE2D1, UBE2D3 and UBE2E1 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes.

Subunit / interactions. Dimer. Interacts with UBE2D1.

Tissue specificity. Expression is testis-specific.

Post-translational modifications. Polyubiquitinated. Polyubiquitination is followed by degradation via the proteasome.

Domain organisation. The SWIM-type zinc finger is required for ubiquitination activity.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_872327* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000433Znf_ZZDomain
IPR001841Znf_RINGDomain
IPR007527Znf_SWIMDomain
IPR013083Znf_RING/FYVE/PHDHomologous_superfamily
IPR039903Zswim2Family
IPR043145Znf_ZZ_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00569, PF04434, PF13639

UniProt features (27 total): binding site 8, sequence conflict 7, strand 5, zinc finger region 4, helix 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures by resolution:

PDBTitleMethodResolution (Å)
2DIPSolution structure of the ZZ domain of Zinc finger SWIM domain containing protein 2SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8NEG5-F163.820.36

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Transferases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8)

PositionRole
261Zn(2+)
267Zn(2+)
270Zn(2+)
234Zn(2+)
237Zn(2+)
249Zn(2+)
252Zn(2+)
258Zn(2+)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 0; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

MSigDB gene sets: 57 (showing top): GOBP_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY_VIA_DEATH_DOMAIN_RECEPTORS, GOBP_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY_VIA_DEATH_DOMAIN_RECEPTORS, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_POLYUBIQUITINATION, MYB_Q3, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY_VIA_DEATH_DOMAIN_RECEPTORS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, MYB_Q5_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOMF_ACYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_AMINOACYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (2): protein polyubiquitination (GO:0000209), apoptotic process (GO:0006915)

GO Molecular Function (5): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), ubiquitin-protein transferase activity (GO:0004842), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO top-level categories

10 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
protein ubiquitination1
programmed cell death1
apoptotic signaling pathway1
execution phase of apoptosis1
transition metal ion binding1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 668 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ZSWIM2RNF148Q8N7C7583
ZSWIM2CCDC146Q8IYE0530
ZSWIM2RNF151Q2KHN1529
ZSWIM2TSNAXIP1Q2TAA8497
ZSWIM2RSPH14Q9UHP6481
ZSWIM2OXNAD1Q96HP4467
ZSWIM2ZSWIM7Q19AV6466
ZSWIM2RSPH10BP0C881461
ZSWIM2SCP2D1Q9UJQ7457
ZSWIM2TRIML1Q8N9V2446
ZSWIM2SLC66A1Q6ZP29436
ZSWIM2CFAP161Q6P656430
ZSWIM2LRRC23Q53EV4421
ZSWIM2RNF150Q9ULK6420
ZSWIM2RNF133Q8WVZ7410

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ZSWIM2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

5 partners by confidence:

PartnerInteraction typeMIscoreRecords
SEMG1association0.5302
EZRphysical association0.4001
ECE1physical association0.3701
MAGEA11physical association0.3701
UBE2Uphysical association0.3701

BioGRID (16 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): BCAM (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), LRFN4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), RNASE7 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), SEMG1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), TKTL2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), C16orf72 (Positive Genetic), CSK (Synthetic Lethality), EZR (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), MAGEA11 (Two-hybrid), SET (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), UBE2U (Two-hybrid)

SIGNOR signaling

5 signaling interactions:

AEffectBMechanism
Ub:E2“up-regulates activity”ZSWIM2ubiquitination
UBE2D1“up-regulates activity”ZSWIM2binding
UBE2E1“up-regulates activity”ZSWIM2binding
ZSWIM2up-regulatesApoptosis
UBE2D3“up-regulates activity”ZSWIM2binding

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ZSWIM2: 85 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 5 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

85 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance77
Likely benign4
Benign1

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 32 predictions of 720):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
2:186837317donor_gain1.0000
2:186828792acceptor_gain0.9900
2:186838957–186838958donor_loss0.99005
2:186839170–186839171acceptor_loss0.99006
2:186847717–186847718donor_loss0.99005
2:186847796–186847797acceptor_loss0.99006
2:186848788donor_gain0.9900
2:186848995donor_gain0.9900
2:186849052donor_gain0.9900
2:186828791–186828792acceptor_loss0.98005

AlphaMissense

629 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 4,208 scored), across 171 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
H17380.8780.963
H36780.8760.947
H7880.8380.954
H36480.8290.943
C16470.9670.984
C14770.9580.986
C23470.9550.978
C34470.9550.983
C15070.9530.975
C19470.9460.991
C17670.9440.981
C19770.9360.970
C38270.9330.972
C6470.9310.962
C34770.9290.963
C16870.9280.965
F36670.9200.985
C7670.9070.950
C36270.9050.955
C37070.9040.947

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Not detected

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

5 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST006624_24Systolic blood pressure1e-11
GCST90020026_588Hip index2e-9
GCST90020029_894Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index1e-8
GCST90020025_100Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI3e-8
GCST90020029_893Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index4e-8

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

4 canonical traits:

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006335systolic blood pressure
EFO:0007788BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio
EFO:0008039BMI-adjusted hip circumference
EFO:0007789BMI-adjusted waist circumference

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

6 total (human), top 6 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
semilicoisoflavone Bdecreases phosphorylation1
Arsenicincreases methylation1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Leadaffects methylation1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.