ZWILCH

Summary

ZWILCH (zwilch kinetochore protein, HGNC:25468) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q22.31, encoding Protein zwilch homolog (Q9H900). Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, which prevents cells from prematurely exiting mitosis.

Involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling and protein localization to kinetochore. Located in kinetochore. Part of RZZ complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 55055 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): autism spectrum disorder (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 101 total
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency little evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_017975

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25468
Approved symbol	ZWILCH
Name	zwilch kinetochore protein
Location	15q22.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ10036, KNTC1AP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000174442
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609984
Entrez	55055

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 20 — 14 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000307897, ENST00000446801, ENST00000535141, ENST00000561583, ENST00000562645, ENST00000563698, ENST00000564179, ENST00000564309, ENST00000565627, ENST00000565960, ENST00000567816, ENST00000567926, ENST00000569489, ENST00000613446, ENST00000880580, ENST00000912328, ENST00000912329, ENST00000912330, ENST00000912331, ENST00000912332

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_017975 NM_001287821, NM_001287822, NM_001287823, NM_017975

CCDS: CCDS10219, CCDS73746

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000307897 — 19 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001199128	66508841	66508892
ENSE00001199149	66535933	66536069
ENSE00001199152	66532985	66533013
ENSE00001199164	66528852	66528957
ENSE00001252813	66540098	66540210
ENSE00001252819	66537168	66537263
ENSE00001252843	66532247	66532403
ENSE00001252854	66529494	66529573
ENSE00001252912	66520590	66520660
ENSE00001252954	66546591	66546705
ENSE00002602881	66548351	66550130
ENSE00003473484	66527290	66527383
ENSE00003475478	66523677	66523748
ENSE00003521471	66518879	66519078
ENSE00003530051	66527857	66527912
ENSE00003541387	66515526	66515644
ENSE00003541684	66505326	66505391
ENSE00003598737	66521050	66521205
ENSE00003682393	66513988	66514083

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 241 present calls, max score 98.04.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.7525 / max 288.0773, expressed in 1659 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
147275	8.9494	1610
147274	0.8030	524

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	98.04	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	95.68	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	91.96	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	91.73	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	91.35	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	91.00	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	89.92	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	89.47	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	88.94	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.79	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	88.72	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	88.44	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	88.39	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	87.91	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	87.75	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	86.50	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	86.36	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	86.19	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	86.14	silver quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	85.82	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	84.69	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	83.96	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	83.70	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	83.48	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	83.31	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	83.28	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	83.27	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	83.12	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	83.07	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	82.99	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.80

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

61 targeting ZWILCH, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-3605-5P	99.96	67.12	932
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-381-3P	99.93	71.87	2854
HSA-MIR-300	99.92	71.76	2856
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-3671	99.90	73.04	3897
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-4420	99.82	70.08	1624
HSA-MIR-181B-2-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-181B-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-577	99.78	69.13	2479
HSA-MIR-320A-3P	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320B	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320C	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320D	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-4429	99.77	69.62	2111
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-1825	99.72	68.11	1089

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 1 (little evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Other name: HZwilch. Homologue of Drosophila Zwilch (CG18729). Localizes to the kinetochore during prometaphase and metaphase of HeLa cells. Complexed with human ROD and human ZW10, similar to situation in Drosophila. (PMID:12686595)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	zwilch	ENSDARG00000057100
mus_musculus	Zwilch	ENSMUSG00000032400
rattus_norvegicus	Zwilch	ENSRNOG00000009303
drosophila_melanogaster	Zwilch	FBGN0061476
caenorhabditis_elegans	zwl-1	WBGENE00021460

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein zwilch homolog — Q9H900 (reviewed: Q9H900)

All UniProt accessions (4): Q9H900, H3BPI7, H3BQ07, H3BSG1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, which prevents cells from prematurely exiting mitosis. Required for the assembly of the dynein-dynactin and MAD1-MAD2 complexes onto kinetochores. Its function related to the spindle assembly machinery is proposed to depend on its association in the mitotic RZZ complex.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the RZZ complex composed of KNTC1/ROD, ZW10 and ZWILCH; in the complex interacts directly with KNTC1/ROD.

Subcellular location. Chromosome. Centromere. Kinetochore.

Miscellaneous. ZWILCH gene is deleted in a patient suffering from colorectal cancer with chromosomal instability.

Similarity. Belongs to the ZWILCH family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H900-1	1	yes
Q9H900-2	2

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001274750, NP_001274751, NP_001274752, NP_060445* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR018630	Zwilch	Family

Pfam: PF09817

UniProt features (38 total): helix 15, strand 13, sequence conflict 4, turn 2, chain 1, modified residue 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3IF8	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.55
7QPG	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H900-F1	82.88	0.61

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 88

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-141444	Amplification of signal from unattached kinetochores via a MAD2 inhibitory signal
R-HSA-2467813	Separation of Sister Chromatids
R-HSA-2500257	Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
R-HSA-5663220	RHO GTPases Activate Formins
R-HSA-68877	Mitotic Prometaphase
R-HSA-9648025	EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation

MSigDB gene sets: 262 (showing top): GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, ELVIDGE_HYPOXIA_DN, GOBP_ATTACHMENT_OF_SPINDLE_MICROTUBULES_TO_KINETOCHORE, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_PHASE_TRANSITION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_SEPARATION, GGCNKCCATNK_UNKNOWN, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, OSWALD_HEMATOPOIETIC_STEM_CELL_IN_COLLAGEN_GEL_UP, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION

GO Biological Process (5): mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling (GO:0007094), protein localization to kinetochore (GO:0034501), cell division (GO:0051301), regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore (GO:0051988), mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling (GO:0007093)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): kinetochore (GO:0000776), kinetochore microtubule (GO:0005828), cytosol (GO:0005829), RZZ complex (GO:1990423), chromosome, centromeric region (GO:0000775), chromosome (GO:0005694)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitotic Prometaphase	2
Amplification of signal from the kinetochores	1
Mitotic Anaphase	1
RHO GTPase Effectors	1
M Phase	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
mitotic cell cycle	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition	1
spindle assembly checkpoint signaling	1
mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling	1
protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region	1
protein localization to condensed chromosome	1
cellular process	1
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore	1
regulation of cell cycle process	1
cell cycle checkpoint signaling	1
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	1
mitotic cell cycle process	1
binding	1
condensed chromosome, centromeric region	1
supramolecular complex	1
spindle microtubule	1
cytoplasm	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
kinetochore	1
protein-containing complex	1
chromosomal region	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1538 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ZWILCH	ZW10	O43264	999
ZWILCH	KNTC1	P50748	996
ZWILCH	ZWINT	O95229	900
ZWILCH	RINT1	Q6NUQ1	837
ZWILCH	BUB1B	O60566	810
ZWILCH	BUB3	O43684	766
ZWILCH	BUB1	O43683	755
ZWILCH	CENPE	Q02224	736
ZWILCH	CDC20	Q12834	702
ZWILCH	CENPK	Q9BS16	695
ZWILCH	NDC80	O14777	691
ZWILCH	SPDL1	Q96EA4	683
ZWILCH	CENPF	P49454	680
ZWILCH	NDE1	Q9NXR1	673
ZWILCH	KNL1	Q8NG31	672

IntAct

36 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ZW10	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.720
GYPA	TCAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ZW10	KNTC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.600
Zw10	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
Zw10	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KNTC1	ZWILCH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
KNTC1	ZWILCH	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.540
ANKRD22	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
INSR	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	HLA-C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
H2BC21	SMCHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPR17	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OSTM1	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
EFNA4	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GYPA	HYKK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPR182	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NPTN	RTL8C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BTNL9	GPR89A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAM234A	IFRD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OPRM1	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PACC1	TNPO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC2A9	HIP1R	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CLN5	ADGRL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NAT14	INTS12	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DNAJC25	TUBAL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAXC	HAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FPR1	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (37): ZWILCH (Co-fractionation), ZWILCH (Co-fractionation), ZWILCH (Co-fractionation), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-RNA), ZWILCH (Proximity Label-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS), ZWILCH (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KNM4, A4IJ27, A6ZNC8, F4J1G1, F4K295, O14278, O36392, O36397, O74387, O74521, P04878, P0C137, P0C139, P0C142, P11455, P11823, P22745, P35193, P49408, P52546, P53348, P62324, P62325, P9WEJ7, P9WEK0, Q01226, Q09302, Q09585, Q0WNP7, Q10095, Q2HR85, Q2HR92, Q567C3, Q5BJJ7, Q5RA78, Q63073, Q77MR6, Q92378, Q9AWL7, Q9CWI3

Diamond homologs: A5WWB6, A6QM04, Q0IJ01, Q5RA78, Q6IRM9, Q8R060, Q9H900, Q9VA00

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ZWILCH	“form complex”	“RZZ complex”	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

101 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	73
Likely benign	4
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3108 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
15:66520661:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66521046:TCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:66521047:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:66521205:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66521206:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66521206:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66521207:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66527341:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66527371:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66527372:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66528850:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66528851:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66528955:GTA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66528956:TA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66528958:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66529492:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66529560:A:AG	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66536809:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
15:66537261:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66537262:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66537264:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66537265:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:66546582:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66546587:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:66546588:CAGAT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:66546589:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66546589:AG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:66546590:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66546590:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:66546590:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3932 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
15:66540114:T:A	W531R	0.996
15:66540114:T:C	W531R	0.996
15:66521149:T:A	W231R	0.995
15:66521149:T:C	W231R	0.995
15:66528937:T:C	L352P	0.992
15:66528939:T:A	W353R	0.992
15:66528939:T:C	W353R	0.992
15:66535991:T:C	L467P	0.991
15:66532362:G:A	G424D	0.989
15:66537218:T:C	F510S	0.989
15:66518967:T:A	W137R	0.987
15:66518967:T:C	W137R	0.987
15:66521069:C:A	A204D	0.986
15:66521204:T:C	L249P	0.986
15:66527326:T:A	W286R	0.986
15:66527326:T:C	W286R	0.986
15:66532374:T:C	L428P	0.985
15:66529548:T:C	L377P	0.983
15:66521151:G:C	W231C	0.981
15:66521151:G:T	W231C	0.981
15:66532350:T:C	L420P	0.981
15:66540116:G:C	W531C	0.981
15:66540116:G:T	W531C	0.981
15:66519015:G:C	A153P	0.980
15:66529523:T:C	C369R	0.980
15:66537172:T:C	C495R	0.980
15:66521074:T:G	Y206D	0.979
15:66528931:A:T	E350V	0.978
15:66532265:A:C	S392R	0.977
15:66532267:T:A	S392R	0.977

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000094159 (15:66517448 A>G), RS1000116453 (15:66535034 A>G), RS1000148401 (15:66515817 C>G,T), RS1000190500 (15:66534672 C>T), RS1000289102 (15:66505351 C>A,G,T), RS1000341897 (15:66544435 A>G,T), RS1000347672 (15:66540935 G>A), RS1000408247 (15:66503846 A>C), RS1000459478 (15:66536498 A>G), RS1000478294 (15:66547148 T>A), RS1000482133 (15:66505594 G>A,T), RS1000528341 (15:66517061 A>G), RS1000562048 (15:66543335 G>A), RS1000639716 (15:66536893 T>A), RS1000690004 (15:66538413 G>A,C,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609984 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
autism spectrum disorder	Limited	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (1): autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008129_25	Body mass index	6.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004340	body mass index

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

46 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, decreases expression, increases expression	3
bisphenol A	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance	2
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
afuresertib	decreases expression	1
SP2509	decreases expression	1
ginger extract	affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4-o-tolylazophenyl)amide	decreases expression, decreases reaction	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
incobotulinumtoxinA	decreases expression	1
Dasatinib	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Vehicle Emissions	decreases expression, decreases reaction	1
Azathioprine	decreases expression	1
Caffeine	increases phosphorylation	1
Calcitriol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Coumestrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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NCT04623398	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)
NCT04725383	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Amitriptyline for Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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