Section 1: Gene Identifiers
| Database | Identifier | Description |
|---|
| HGNC | HGNC:391 | Approved symbol: AKT1 |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000142208 | Human gene ID |
| NCBI Entrez Gene | 207 | Gene ID |
| OMIM | 164730 | Gene/locus MIM number |
| PharmGKB Gene | PA24684 | VIP gene (Very Important Pharmacogene) |
Genomic Location
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | 14 |
| Cytogenetic Location | 14q32.33 |
| Start Position (GRCh38) | 104,769,348 |
| End Position (GRCh38) | 104,799,934 |
| Strand | Minus (-) |
| Genomic Accession | NC_000014.9 |
Gene Aliases
AKT, PKB, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-alpha, RAC-PK-alpha, PKB-ALPHA
Gene Classification
Locus Type: Gene with protein product
Locus Group: Protein-coding gene
Gene Groups: Pleckstrin homology domain containing, AKT kinase family
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts
Total Transcript Count: 90
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Notes |
|---|
| ENST00000349310 | protein_coding | 104,769,349 | 104,795,751 | Principal isoform |
| ENST00000402615 | protein_coding | 104,769,352 | 104,794,528 | |
| ENST00000407796 | protein_coding | 104,769,349 | 104,795,748 | |
| ENST00000649815 | protein_coding | 104,769,349 | 104,795,748 | |
| ENST00000553797 | protein_coding | 104,769,396 | 104,795,044 | |
| ENST00000554192 | protein_coding | 104,769,972 | 104,795,748 | |
| ENST00000554581 | protein_coding | 104,769,349 | 104,794,124 | |
| ENST00000554848 | protein_coding | 104,770,341 | 104,794,191 | |
| ENST00000555458 | protein_coding | 104,769,392 | 104,795,748 | |
| ENST00000555528 | protein_coding | 104,769,371 | 104,793,700 | |
| ENST00000544168 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 104,770,155 | 104,777,678 | |
| ENST00000553506 | retained_intron | 104,769,352 | 104,774,680 | |
| ENST00000554585 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 104,770,193 | 104,795,748 | |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | +77 additional transcripts |
Transcript Biotype Summary:
- Protein coding: 72
- Retained intron: 9
- Nonsense mediated decay: 1
- Protein coding CDS not defined: 2
- Other: 6
RefSeq Transcripts (Human, Chromosome 14)
Total Human mRNA Count: 7 reviewed + predicted
| Accession | Type | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NM_001382430 | mRNA | REVIEWED | YES (Canonical) |
| NM_005163 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001014431 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001014432 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001382431 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001382432 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001382433 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
CCDS Identifiers
Exons for Canonical Transcript (ENST00000349310)
Total Exon Count: 15
| Exon ID | Start | End | Strand |
|---|
| ENSE00002508994 | 104,795,484 | 104,795,751 | - |
| ENSE00001184402 | 104,793,127 | 104,793,210 | - |
| ENSE00001394660 | 104,792,598 | 104,792,722 | - |
| ENSE00003642995 | 104,780,088 | 104,780,216 | - |
| ENSE00003473235 | 104,776,659 | 104,776,770 | - |
| ENSE00003566907 | 104,775,652 | 104,775,799 | - |
| ENSE00003628636 | 104,775,076 | 104,775,207 | - |
| ENSE00003557545 | 104,774,938 | 104,775,003 | - |
| ENSE00001614411 | 104,773,912 | 104,773,980 | - |
| ENSE00001296816 | 104,773,455 | 104,773,580 | - |
| ENSE00003724028 | 104,773,251 | 104,773,379 | - |
| ENSE00003619354 | 104,772,878 | 104,773,092 | - |
| ENSE00003561499 | 104,772,365 | 104,772,452 | - |
| ENSE00003684409 | 104,770,745 | 104,770,847 | - |
| ENSE00002485852 | 104,769,349 | 104,770,420 | - |
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions
Total Entries: 8
| Accession | Status | Name |
|---|
| P31749 | Reviewed (Swiss-Prot) - CANONICAL | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| A0A087WY56 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| A0A804HJM6 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| A0AAQ5BHJ3 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| A0AAQ5BHK3 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| B0LPE5 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| G3V2I6 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
| G3V3X1 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | |
Canonical Protein Properties (P31749)
| Property | Value |
|---|
| Length | 480 amino acids |
| Mass | 55,686 Da |
| Alternative Names | Protein kinase B, PKB alpha, Proto-oncogene c-Akt, RAC-PK-alpha |
RefSeq Proteins (Human)
| Accession | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NP_001369359 | REVIEWED | YES |
| NP_005154 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001014431 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001014432 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001369360 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001369361 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001369362 | REVIEWED | No |
Protein Domains and Families (InterPro)
Total Domain/Family Count: 10
| InterPro ID | Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR001849 | PH_domain | Domain |
| IPR000719 | Prot_kinase_dom | Domain |
| IPR000961 | AGC-kinase_C | Domain |
| IPR017892 | Pkinase_C | Domain |
| IPR034676 | Akt1 | Domain |
| IPR039026 | PH_PKB | Domain |
| IPR008271 | Ser/Thr_kinase_AS | Active_site |
| IPR017441 | Protein_kinase_ATP_BS | Binding_site |
| IPR011009 | Kinase-like_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR011993 | PH-like_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
Key Protein Features
| Feature Type | Position | Description |
|---|
| PH domain | 5-108 | Pleckstrin homology domain |
| Kinase domain | 150-408 | Serine/threonine kinase catalytic domain |
| AGC-kinase C | 409-480 | C-terminal regulatory domain |
| Phosphoserine | S124 | Phosphorylation site |
| Phosphothreonine | T308 | Activation loop phosphorylation by PDPK1 |
| Phosphoserine | S473 | Hydrophobic motif phosphorylation by mTORC2 |
| Disulfide bond | C60-C77 | |
| N6-acetyllysine | K14, K20 | Post-translational modification |
| O-GlcNAc | S126, S129, T305, T312 | Glycosylation sites |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures (PDB)
Total PDB Structure Count: 42
| PDB ID | Method | Resolution (Å) | Title |
|---|
| 1UNQ | X-ray | 0.98 | PH domain with Ins(1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate |
| 1UNR | X-ray | 1.25 | PH domain with sulfate |
| 1H10 | X-ray | 1.40 | PH domain with Ins(1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate |
| 7MYX | X-ray | 1.39 | PH domain R86A mutant |
| 4GV1 | X-ray | 1.49 | PKB alpha with AZD5363 inhibitor |
| 1UNP | X-ray | 1.65 | PH domain apo structure |
| 7NH5 | X-ray | 1.90 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 6 |
| 8UW9 | X-ray | 1.90 | AKT1(E17K) with compound 4 |
| 2UVM | X-ray | 1.94 | PH domain with benzene tetrakisphosphate |
| 2UZR | X-ray | 1.94 | E17K cancer mutation PH domain |
| 8UW7 | X-ray | 1.97 | AKT1(WT) with compound 3 |
| 3CQW | X-ray | 2.00 | Kinase with substrate peptide/inhibitor |
| 4EKL | X-ray | 2.00 | Akt1 with GDC0068 |
| 3MVH | X-ray | 2.01 | Akt1-inhibitor complex |
| 7APJ | X-ray | 2.05 | Autoinhibited Akt1 structure |
| 8UVY | X-ray | 2.11 | AKT1(E17K) with compound 3 |
| 6NPZ | X-ray | 2.12 | Kinase domain with bisubstrate |
| 6CCY | X-ray | 2.18 | Selective inhibitor complex |
| 4EJN | X-ray | 2.19 | Autoinhibited form with inhibitor |
| 3CQU | X-ray | 2.20 | Kinase with substrate peptide/inhibitor |
| 8UW2 | X-ray | 2.20 | AKT1(E17K) with compound 3 (zinc-free) |
| 3QKM | X-ray | 2.20 | Spirocyclic sulfonamide inhibitors |
| 6HHG | X-ray | 2.30 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 27 |
| 6HHJ | X-ray | 2.30 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 24b |
| 6S9W | X-ray | 2.30 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 16a |
| 7NH4 | X-ray | 2.30 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 3 |
| 3QKK | X-ray | 2.30 | Spirochromane inhibitors |
| 6BUU | X-ray | 2.40 | Kinase domain with bisubstrate |
| 2UZS | X-ray | 2.46 | E17K cancer mutation |
| 3MV5 | X-ray | 2.47 | Akt1-inhibitor complex |
| 3OW4 | X-ray | 2.60 | Dihydrofuropyrimidine inhibitor |
| 6S9X | X-ray | 2.60 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 15c |
| 3O96 | X-ray | 2.70 | Allosteric inhibitor complex |
| 3OCB | X-ray | 2.70 | Pyrrolopyrimidine inhibitor |
| 5KCV | X-ray | 2.70 | ARQ 092 allosteric inhibitor |
| 6HHH | X-ray | 2.70 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 31 |
| 6HHI | X-ray | 2.70 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor 30b |
| 4EKK | X-ray | 2.80 | Akt1 with AMP-PNP |
| 8ZPU | X-ray | 2.80 | Anti-phosphopeptide antibody |
| 6HHF | X-ray | 2.90 | Covalent-allosteric inhibitor Borussertib |
| 8JOW | X-ray | 1.40 | Antibody with phosphopeptide |
| 3QKL | X-ray | 1.90 | Spirochromane inhibitors |
Predicted Structures (AlphaFold)
| AlphaFold ID | Sequence Length | Global pLDDT | Fraction Very High Confidence |
|---|
| P31749 | 3919 | 83.62 | 0.54 (54%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Species | Ensembl Gene ID | Gene Symbol |
|---|
| Homo sapiens (Human) | ENSG00000142208 | AKT1 |
| Mus musculus (Mouse) | ENSMUSG00000001729 | Akt1 |
| Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | ENSRNOG00000028629 | Akt1 |
| Danio rerio (Zebrafish) | ENSDARG00000099657 | akt1 |
| Danio rerio (Zebrafish) | ENSDARG00000111014 | (paralog) |
Additional Model Organism Entrez IDs
| Species | Entrez ID | Gene Symbol |
|---|
| Mouse | 11651 | Akt1 |
| Rat | 24185 | Akt1 |
| Drosophila | 41957 | Akt |
| Zebrafish | 100126861 | akt1 |
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Variants Summary
Total Variant Count: 943
Pathogenic Variants
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type | Classification | Associated Condition |
|---|
| 13983 | c.49G>A (p.Glu17Lys) | SNV | Pathogenic | Proteus syndrome, Cowden syndrome 6 |
| 40162 | c.73C>T (p.Arg25Cys) | SNV | Pathogenic | |
| 40163 | c.1303A>C (p.Thr435Pro) | SNV | Pathogenic | |
| 800567 | c.49_50delinsAG (p.Glu17Arg) | Indel | Pathogenic | |
Note: The E17K mutation is the most clinically significant, associated with Proteus syndrome and found in various cancers as a somatic driver mutation.
Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) - Sample
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Classification |
|---|
| 1002469 | c.1088T>C (p.Met363Thr) | Uncertain significance |
| 1005578 | c.1097T>C (p.Ile366Thr) | Uncertain significance |
| 1006787 | c.1436C>T (p.Thr479Met) | Uncertain significance |
| 1009277 | c.16A>G (p.Ile6Val) | Uncertain significance |
| 1016933 | c.1277A>C (p.Lys426Thr) | Uncertain significance |
| 1018655 | c.1393C>T (p.Arg465Cys) | Uncertain significance |
| 1022066 | c.1260+1G>C | Uncertain significance |
| 1035242 | c.349G>A (p.Glu117Lys) | Uncertain significance |
| 1035310 | c.749C>T (p.Ala250Val) | Uncertain significance |
| 1037529 | c.719C>G (p.Ser240Cys) | Uncertain significance |
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total Predicted Variants: 3,188
Top 50 Predicted Pathogenic Missense Variants (am_class = likely_pathogenic):
| Variant | Protein Change | AlphaMissense Score | Classification |
|---|
| 14:104770368:G:C | F472L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770368:G:T | F472L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770370:A:G | F472L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770783:A:G | F442S | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770782:G:C | F442L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770782:G:T | F442L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770784:A:G | F442L | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770369:A:C | F472C | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770369:A:G | F472S | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770377:G:C | F469L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770377:G:T | F469L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770379:A:G | F469L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770378:A:C | F469C | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770783:A:C | F442C | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770794:A:C | F438L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770794:A:T | F438L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770796:A:G | F438L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770378:A:G | F469S | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770795:A:G | F438S | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770795:A:C | F438C | 0.997 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770370:A:C | F472V | 0.996 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770370:A:T | F472I | 0.996 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770379:A:C | F469V | 0.995 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770364:A:C | Y474D | 0.992 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770379:A:T | F469I | 0.992 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770791:A:T | D439E | 0.990 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770792:T:A | D439V | 0.989 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770759:G:A | T450I | 0.987 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770799:A:C | Y437D | 0.987 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770367:A:G | S473P | 0.986 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770759:G:T | T450K | 0.986 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770759:G:C | T450R | 0.985 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770793:C:A | D439Y | 0.982 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770793:C:G | D439H | 0.982 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770364:A:T | Y474N | 0.977 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770792:T:C | D439G | 0.976 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770366:G:A | S473F | 0.975 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770756:G:T | P451Q | 0.972 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770768:A:C | I447S | 0.968 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770778:C:G | A444P | 0.963 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770781:T:G | T443P | 0.962 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770363:T:G | Y474S | 0.960 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770793:C:T | D439N | 0.960 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770796:A:T | F438I | 0.960 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770366:G:T | S473Y | 0.959 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770757:G:A | P451S | 0.959 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770757:G:T | P451T | 0.957 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770768:A:G | I447T | 0.956 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770780:G:T | T443K | 0.955 | likely_pathogenic |
| 14:104770768:A:T | I447N | 0.954 | likely_pathogenic |
SpliceAI Predictions
Total Splice-Affecting Variants: 2,770
Top 50 Predicted Splice-Altering Variants:
| Variant | Gene | Effect | Delta Score |
|---|
| 14:104770252:C:T | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.98 |
| 14:104770421:C:CC | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.96 |
| 14:104770253:G:T | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.96 |
| 14:104770252:C:CT | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.95 |
| 14:104770418:CAT:C | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.94 |
| 14:104770420:TC:T | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.92 |
| 14:104770421:C:A | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.92 |
| 14:104770422:T:G | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.92 |
| 14:104770423:G:C | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.91 |
| 14:104770419:AT:A | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.85 |
| 14:104770242:CAAA:C | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.85 |
| 14:104770427:G:C | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.86 |
| 14:104770417:TCAT:T | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.81 |
| 14:104770418:CATC:C | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.81 |
| 14:104770429:GTAGA:G | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.80 |
| 14:104770430:TAGAC:T | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.79 |
| 14:104770431:AGACA:A | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.79 |
| 14:104770432:GACAG:G | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.79 |
| 14:104770242:C:G | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.79 |
| 14:104770245:A:C | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.78 |
| 14:104770419:ATCT:A | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.78 |
| 14:104770424:TGGGT:T | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.76 |
| 14:104770425:GGGTG:G | AKT1 | acceptor_loss | 0.76 |
| 14:104770251:C:CT | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.73 |
| 14:104770420:TCTG:T | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.72 |
| 14:104770245:A:G | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.72 |
| 14:104770240:T:TG | AKT1 | acceptor_gain | 0.71 |
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways
Total Pathway Count: 42
| Pathway ID | Pathway Name | Disease Pathway |
|---|
| R-HSA-1257604 | PIP3 activates AKT signaling | No |
| R-HSA-165159 | MTOR signalling | No |
| R-HSA-198323 | AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol | No |
| R-HSA-198693 | AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus | No |
| R-HSA-199418 | Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network | No |
| R-HSA-111447 | Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria | No |
| R-HSA-203615 | eNOS activation | No |
| R-HSA-211163 | AKT-mediated inactivation of FOXO1A | No |
| R-HSA-354192 | Integrin signaling | No |
| R-HSA-389357 | CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling | No |
| R-HSA-389513 | Co-inhibition by CTLA4 | No |
| R-HSA-392451 | G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma | No |
| R-HSA-1358803 | Downregulation of ERBB2:ERBB3 signaling | No |
| R-HSA-1445148 | Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane | No |
| R-HSA-1474151 | Tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis, recycling, salvage | No |
| R-HSA-3769402 | Deactivation of beta-catenin transactivating complex | No |
| R-HSA-450385 | BRF1 binds and destabilizes mRNA | No |
| R-HSA-450604 | KSRP binds and destabilizes mRNA | No |
| R-HSA-5218920 | VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability | No |
| R-HSA-5628897 | TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes | No |
| R-HSA-5674400 | Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer | Yes |
| R-HSA-6785807 | Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling | No |
| R-HSA-6804757 | Regulation of TP53 Degradation | No |
| R-HSA-6804758 | Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation | No |
| R-HSA-6804759 | Regulation of TP53 Activity through Co-factors | No |
| R-HSA-6811558 | PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling | No |
| R-HSA-69202 | Cyclin E associated events during G1/S transition | No |
| R-HSA-69656 | Cyclin A:Cdk2-associated events at S phase entry | No |
| R-HSA-8849469 | PTK6 Regulates RTKs and Effectors AKT1/DOK1 | No |
| R-HSA-8876198 | RAB GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RABs | No |
| R-HSA-8941332 | RUNX2 regulates genes in cell migration | No |
| R-HSA-8948751 | Regulation of PTEN stability and activity | No |
| R-HSA-9009391 | Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling | No |
| R-HSA-9604323 | Negative regulation of NOTCH4 signaling | No |
| R-HSA-9607240 | FLT3 Signaling | No |
| R-HSA-9614399 | Regulation of localization of FOXO TFs | No |
| R-HSA-9634638 | Estrogen-dependent nuclear events downstream of ESR | No |
| R-HSA-9755511 | KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway | No |
| R-HSA-9755779 | SARS-CoV-2 targets host intracellular signalling | Yes |
| R-HSA-9841251 | Mitochondrial unfolded protein response | No |
| R-HSA-9856530 | Laminar flow shear stress activates PIEZO1/PECAM1/KDR | No |
| R-HSA-9856532 | Mechanical load activates PIEZO1 and integrins | No |
Gene Ontology Annotations
Total GO Term Count: 171
Biological Process (TOP 20 of ~120)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0043491 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction |
| GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation |
| GO:0046777 | protein autophosphorylation |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction |
| GO:0035556 | intracellular signal transduction |
| GO:0008286 | insulin receptor signaling pathway |
| GO:0048009 | insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
| GO:0007173 | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
| GO:0043066 | negative regulation of apoptotic process |
| GO:0042981 | regulation of apoptotic process |
| GO:0006006 | glucose metabolic process |
| GO:0042593 | glucose homeostasis |
| GO:0005978 | glycogen biosynthetic process |
| GO:0045725 | positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process |
| GO:0031929 | TOR signaling |
| GO:0010507 | negative regulation of autophagy |
| GO:0008283 | cell population proliferation |
| GO:0030307 | positive regulation of cell growth |
| GO:0030335 | positive regulation of cell migration |
| GO:0006809 | nitric oxide biosynthetic process |
Molecular Function (TOP 20 of ~25)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0004674 | protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
| GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity |
| GO:0004712 | protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity |
| GO:0106310 | protein serine kinase activity |
| GO:0016301 | kinase activity |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding |
| GO:0005547 | phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding |
| GO:0043325 | phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding |
| GO:0019899 | enzyme binding |
| GO:0019900 | kinase binding |
| GO:0019901 | protein kinase binding |
| GO:0042802 | identical protein binding |
| GO:0042803 | protein homodimerization activity |
| GO:0005516 | calmodulin binding |
| GO:0071889 | 14-3-3 protein binding |
| GO:0030235 | nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity |
| GO:0030291 | protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity |
| GO:0099104 | potassium channel activator activity |
| GO:1904841 | TORC2 complex binding |
Cellular Component (TOP 20 of ~26)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| GO:0016020 | membrane |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion |
| GO:0005758 | mitochondrial intermembrane space |
| GO:0030027 | lamellipodium |
| GO:0005938 | cell cortex |
| GO:0005819 | spindle |
| GO:0015630 | microtubule cytoskeleton |
| GO:0005911 | cell-cell junction |
| GO:0005929 | cilium |
| GO:0036064 | ciliary basal body |
| GO:0031982 | vesicle |
| GO:0032991 | protein-containing complex |
| GO:0033011 | perinuclear theca |
| GO:0098978 | glutamatergic synapse |
| GO:0098794 | postsynapse |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
STRING Protein-Protein Interactions
Total Interaction Count: 14,324
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interacting Proteins:
| Interacting Protein | UniProt | Score | Description |
|---|
| CDC42 | P21181 | 999 | Cell division control protein 42 |
| AKT1 (self) | P31749 | 999 | Homodimerization |
| HSP90AA1 | P07900 | 996 | Heat shock protein 90 alpha |
| HSP90AB1 | P08238 | 996 | Heat shock protein 90 beta |
| PHLPP1 | O60346 | 995 | PH domain leucine-rich repeat phosphatase 1 |
| CYBA | P04839 | 994 | Cytochrome b-245 alpha chain |
| NCF2 | P19878 | 993 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 2 |
| ARRB2 | P32121 | 993 | Beta-arrestin-2 |
| CYBB | P13498 | 992 | Cytochrome b-245 beta chain |
| ERO1A | Q15080 | 992 | ERO1-like protein alpha |
| SERPINA6 | P19957 | 991 | Corticosteroid-binding globulin |
| SMAD3 | P84022 | 990 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 |
| NISCH | Q8IY63 | 986 | Nischarin |
| AREG | P15498 | 985 | Amphiregulin |
| ARHGDIA | P52565 | 982 | Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 |
| PAK1 | Q13153 | 981 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 |
| MDM2 | Q00987 | 980 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| SRC | P12931 | 977 | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src |
| NUP98 | P42768 | 973 | Nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 |
| PTEN | P60484 | 968 | Phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| INSR | P14598 | 993 | Insulin receptor |
| PIK3CA | P42336 | 951 | PI3K catalytic subunit alpha |
| PIK3CG | P48736 | 948 | PI3K catalytic subunit gamma |
| MTOR | P42345 | 955 | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| INS | P01308 | 953 | Insulin |
| IRS1 | P35568 | 942 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| FOXO1 | Q12778 | 941 | Forkhead box protein O1 |
| TP53 | P04637 | 935 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 |
| EGF | P01133 | 934 | Epidermal growth factor |
| BCL2 | P10415 | 934 | Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 |
| IQGAP1 | P46940 | 966 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating 1 |
| GSK3B | P49841 | 964 | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta |
| STAT3 | P40763 | 926 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| CTNNB1 | P35222 | 930 | Catenin beta-1 |
| PDPK1 | O15530 | 927 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 |
| FOXO3 | O43524 | 929 | Forkhead box protein O3 |
| RICTOR | Q6R327 | 926 | Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR |
| TCL1A | P49840 | 830+ | T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A |
| BAD | Q92934 | 934 | BCL2-associated agonist of cell death |
| TSC2 | P49815 | 949 | Tuberin |
| CDKN1A | P38936 | 921 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 |
IntAct Curated Interactions
Total IntAct Interactions: 934
Notable Physical Interactions:
| Interaction | Partner | Type | Confidence |
|---|
| EBI-15704518 | GSK3B | direct interaction | 0.830 |
| EBI-12698333 | TCL1A | physical association | 0.830 |
| EBI-16167771 | PDPK1 | phosphorylation reaction | 0.820 |
| EBI-16098061 | MTOR | phosphorylation reaction | 0.810 |
| EBI-16167795 | PPP2CA | dephosphorylation reaction | 0.760 |
| EBI-15098378 | FOXO3 | physical association | 0.750 |
| EBI-15790008 | THEM4 | physical association | 0.730 |
| EBI-1554707 | SETDB1 | physical association | 0.720 |
| EBI-15749834 | ARRB2 | physical association | 0.700 |
| EBI-21864297 | AKT2 | physical association | 0.640 |
| EBI-21228493 | TTC3 | physical association | 0.640 |
| EBI-15710512 | ALYREF | direct interaction | 0.640 |
| EBI-15898138 | DNMT1 | direct interaction | 0.610 |
| EBI-15728240 | FOXO1 | direct interaction | 0.570 |
| EBI-1214863 | MAP3K5 | phosphorylation reaction | 0.560 |
| EBI-15687774 | STUB1 | physical association | 0.560 |
ESM2 Structural Similarity
Total Similar Proteins: 51
TOP 20 Structurally Similar Proteins (by embedding):
| UniProt ID | Similarity Count | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity |
|---|
| P31748 | 50 | 0.9978 | 0.9663 |
| P31751 | 50 | 0.9998 | 0.9678 |
| P31750 | 50 | 0.9999 | 0.9651 |
| Q9Y243 | 50 | 0.9998 | 0.9684 |
| Q9WUA6 | 50 | 0.9998 | 0.9685 |
| Q60823 | 50 | 0.9998 | 0.9680 |
| Q63484 | 50 | 0.9998 | 0.9685 |
| Q01314 | 50 | 0.9997 | 0.9653 |
| P47196 | 50 | 0.9999 | 0.9648 |
| P47197 | 50 | 0.9995 | 0.9693 |
| P34947 | 50 | 0.9995 | 0.9651 |
| Q7ZX15 | 50 | 0.9994 | 0.9689 |
| Q6IP76 | 50 | 0.9994 | 0.9700 |
| Q16644 | 50 | 0.9990 | 0.9578 |
| Q3SYZ2 | 50 | 0.9990 | 0.9582 |
| Q3UMW7 | 50 | 0.9985 | 0.9625 |
| P12368 | 50 | 0.9964 | 0.9446 |
| P13861 | 50 | 0.9983 | 0.9435 |
| P00515 | 50 | 0.9983 | 0.9424 |
| Q75H77 | 50 | 0.9977 | 0.9666 |
DIAMOND Sequence Homology
Total Homologous Proteins: 281
TOP 20 Sequence Similar Proteins:
| UniProt ID | Top Identity (%) | BitScore |
|---|
| P31748 (AKT2) | 100.00 | 977 |
| P31750 (AKT3) | 100.00 | 979 |
| P32023 | 100.00 | 1071 |
| O08967 | 99.80 | 798 |
| P23443 | 99.70 | 1055 |
| F1M7Y5 | 99.70 | 1222 |
| P00517 | 99.70 | 709 |
| P05129 | 99.40 | 1446 |
| P05383 | 99.40 | 709 |
| P05131 | 99.40 | 708 |
| P17612 | 99.40 | 706 |
| P05772 | 99.40 | 1382 |
| P09216 | 99.10 | 1495 |
| P17252 | 99.30 | 1398 |
| P05696 | 99.30 | 1399 |
| O00141 | 99.30 | 863 |
| P25321 | 99.10 | 705 |
| P16054 | 99.10 | 1498 |
| P10102 | 99.30 | 1399 |
| O75582 | 99.30 | 1525 |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
Note: AKT1 is primarily a kinase, not a transcription factor. However, it regulates gene expression through phosphorylation of transcription factors.
Downstream Targets (Genes Regulated BY AKT1 Phosphorylation)
Total CollecTRI Entries: 85 (5 as TF, 80 as target)
AKT1 Acts as Regulator of:
| Target Gene | Regulation Type | Mechanism |
|---|
| CDKN1B (p27) | Repression | Phosphorylation leads to cytoplasmic retention/degradation |
| SLC2A1 (GLUT1) | Activation | Promotes glucose transporter expression |
| STUB1 | Activation | |
| FSTL1 | Activation | |
| MIA3 | Activation | |
Upstream Regulators (TFs that Regulate AKT1 Gene)
Total: 80 transcription factors
| TF Gene | Regulation | Confidence |
|---|
| CTNNB1 (β-catenin) | Activation | High |
| TCF7L2 | Activation | High |
| AR | Activation | Low |
| RUNX2 | Activation | - |
| ITGAX | Activation | - |
| TP53 | Repression | Low |
| RELA (NF-κB p65) | Repression | Low |
| NFKB1 | Repression | - |
| NFKB | Repression | Low |
| IRF1 | Repression | - |
| CTCF | Repression | - |
| APC | Repression | - |
| ARID4B | Repression | - |
| POU5F1 (Oct4) | Repression | Low |
| CREB1 | Unknown | Low |
| ESR1 | Unknown | Low |
| GLI1 | Unknown | Low |
| RUNX3 | Unknown | Low |
| STAT3 | Unknown | Low |
DNA Binding (JASPAR)
AKT1 is not a DNA-binding transcription factor - it exerts regulatory effects through phosphorylation of downstream effectors including FOXO1, FOXO3, GSK3B, and BAD.
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
ChEMBL Targeting Molecules
Total Molecules Targeting AKT1: 6,498+ (via CHEMBL4282)
Drugs by Development Phase (Phase 2+)
Total Count: 23
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Type | Phase | Notes |
|---|
| CHEMBL2325741 | CAPIVASERTIB | Small molecule | 4 (Approved) | Selective AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL125 | MILTEFOSINE | Small molecule | 4 (Approved) | Alkylphosphocholine |
| CHEMBL1448 | NICLOSAMIDE | Small molecule | 4 (Approved) | Antihelminthic |
| CHEMBL608533 | MIDOSTAURIN | Small molecule | 4 (Approved) | Multi-kinase inhibitor |
| CHEMBL2177390 | IPATASERTIB | Small molecule | 3 | Pan-AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL2219422 | AFURESERTIB | Small molecule | 3 | Pan-AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL603469 | LESTAURTINIB | Small molecule | 3 | Multi-kinase inhibitor |
| CHEMBL223360 | LINIFANIB | Small molecule | 3 | VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL38380 | FASUDIL | Small molecule | 3 | Rho-kinase inhibitor |
| CHEMBL50 | QUERCETIN | Small molecule | 3 | Natural flavonoid |
| CHEMBL372764 | PERIFOSINE | Small molecule | 3 | Alkylphospholipid |
| CHEMBL1079175 | MK-2206 | Small molecule | 2 | Allosteric AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL1234354 | PF-04691502 | Small molecule | 2 | PI3K/mTOR inhibitor |
| CHEMBL3137336 | UPROSERTIB | Small molecule | 2 | AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL521851 | PICTILISIB | Small molecule | 2 | PI3K inhibitor |
| CHEMBL4297188 | MIRANSERTIB | Small molecule | 2 | AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL4871106 | RUPITASERTIB | Small molecule | 2 | AKT inhibitor |
| CHEMBL565612 | SOTRASTAURIN | Small molecule | 2 | PKC inhibitor |
| CHEMBL28509 | EDELFOSINE | Small molecule | 2 | Alkylphospholipid |
| CHEMBL1355299 | SULFAETHIDOLE | Small molecule | 2 | |
| CHEMBL1908343 | KALAFUNGIN | Small molecule | 2 | |
| CHEMBL1980715 | LAUROGUADINE | Small molecule | 2 | |
| CHEMBL6246 | ELLAGIC ACID | Small molecule | 2 | Natural polyphenol |
ChEMBL Target Entries for AKT1
| Target ID | Type | Description |
|---|
| CHEMBL4282 | SINGLE PROTEIN | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| CHEMBL2111353 | PROTEIN FAMILY | Serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT |
| CHEMBL3885629 | PROTEIN FAMILY | AKT1/Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 |
| CHEMBL4106175 | PROTEIN FAMILY | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Rac alpha/beta |
| CHEMBL3038463 | PROTEIN COMPLEX | AKT/p21CIP1 |
| CHEMBL4523748 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | AKT1/PPP1CA |
| CHEMBL5169068 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | VHL/AKT1 |
| CHEMBL5169081 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | CRBN/AKT1 |
PharmGKB Status
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| PharmGKB ID | PA24684 |
| VIP Gene | Yes (Very Important Pharmacogene) |
| Has Variant Annotation | Yes |
| CPIC Guideline | No |
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Bgee Expression Summary
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Expression Breadth | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 273 |
| Total Absent Calls | 18 |
| Total Conditions Tested | 291 |
| Max Expression Score | 98.05 |
| Average Expression Score | 87.37 |
| Gold Quality Calls | 241 |
TOP 30 Tissues by Expression Score
| Rank | Tissue/Cell Type | Expression Score | Quality |
|---|
| 1 | Stromal cell of endometrium | 98.05 | Gold |
| 2 | Ganglionic eminence | 97.94 | Gold |
| 3 | Endometrium epithelium | 97.88 | Gold |
| 4 | Left adrenal gland | 97.72 | Gold |
| 5 | Left adrenal gland cortex | 97.72 | Gold |
| 6 | Right adrenal gland | 97.54 | Gold |
| 7 | Lower esophagus muscularis layer | 97.52 | Gold |
| 8 | Lower esophagus | 97.50 | Gold |
| 9 | Right adrenal gland cortex | 97.44 | Gold |
| 10 | Ventricular zone (brain) | 97.42 | Gold |
| 11 | Cortical plate (brain) | 97.28 | Gold |
| 12 | Right coronary artery | 97.16 | Gold |
| 13 | Gall bladder | 97.10 | Gold |
| 14 | Esophagogastric junction muscularis | 97.06 | Gold |
| 15 | Body of stomach | 97.02 | Gold |
| 16 | Muscle layer of sigmoid colon | 97.00 | Gold |
| 17 | Ascending aorta | 96.99 | Gold |
| 18 | Thoracic aorta | 96.99 | Gold |
| 19 | Popliteal artery | 96.92 | Gold |
| 20 | Tibial artery | 96.91 | Gold |
| 21 | Aorta | 96.88 | Gold |
| 22 | Adrenal cortex | 96.78 | Gold |
| 23 | Adrenal gland | 96.76 | Gold |
| 24 | Descending thoracic aorta | 96.76 | Gold |
| 25 | Upper lobe of left lung | 96.68 | Gold |
| 26 | Apex of heart | 96.67 | Gold |
| 27 | Right lung | 96.58 | Gold |
| 28 | Granulocyte | 96.48 | Gold |
| 29 | Left coronary artery | 96.48 | Gold |
| 30 | Right lobe of thyroid gland | 96.25 | Gold |
Expression Pattern Summary
AKT1 shows ubiquitous expression across virtually all human tissues and cell types, consistent with its fundamental role in cell survival, growth, and metabolism. The highest expression levels are
observed in:
- Reproductive tissues: Endometrium, stromal cells
- Endocrine tissues: Adrenal glands, thyroid
- Cardiovascular system: Aorta, coronary arteries, peripheral arteries
- Nervous system: Brain developmental zones (ganglionic eminence, cortical plate)
- Gastrointestinal tract: Esophagus, stomach, colon
Section 12: Disease Associations
Mendelian/Monogenic Disease Links (GenCC)
| Disease | OMIM/Orphanet ID | Classification | Inheritance | Evidence |
|---|
| Proteus syndrome | OMIM:176920 | Definitive | Autosomal dominant (somatic mosaic) | G2P |
| Proteus syndrome | OMIM:176920 | Strong | Autosomal dominant | Labcorp |
| Cowden syndrome 6 | OMIM:615109 | Limited | Unknown | Labcorp |
| Cowden disease | ORPHANET:201 | Supportive | Autosomal dominant | Orphanet |
Orphanet Disease Associations
| Orphanet ID | Disease Name | Type | Gene Count | Phenotype Count |
|---|
| 744 | Proteus syndrome | Malformation syndrome | 1 | 115 |
| 201 | Cowden syndrome | Clinical subtype | 9 | 57 |
| 2495 | Meningioma | Disease | 12 | 74 |
OMIM Associations
| MIM Number | Type | Description |
|---|
| 164730 | Gene | AKT1 gene |
| 176920 | Phenotype | Proteus syndrome |
| 615109 | Phenotype | Cowden syndrome 6 |
HPO Phenotype Associations
Total Associated Phenotypes: 256
TOP 50 Clinical Phenotypes:
| HPO ID | Phenotype Term |
|---|
| HP:0000006 | Autosomal dominant inheritance |
| HP:0001442 | Typified by somatic mosaicism |
| HP:0001548 | Overgrowth |
| HP:0001528 | Hemihypertrophy |
| HP:0000256 | Macrocephaly |
| HP:0001519 | Disproportionate tall stature |
| HP:0001513 | Obesity |
| HP:0000158 | Macroglossia |
| HP:0001012 | Multiple lipomas |
| HP:0001028 | Hemangioma |
| HP:0001048 | Cavernous hemangioma |
| HP:0001004 | Lymphedema |
| HP:0000962 | Hyperkeratosis |
| GP:0000982 | Palmoplantar keratoderma |
| HP:0001072 | Thickened skin |
| HP:0000324 | Facial asymmetry |
| HP:0001067 | Neurofibroma |
| HP:0001249 | Intellectual disability |
| HP:0001263 | Global developmental delay |
| HP:0001250 | Seizure |
| HP:0000717 | Autism |
| HP:0002282 | Gray matter heterotopia |
| HP:0000238 | Hydrocephalus |
| HP:0001363 | Craniosynostosis |
| HP:0001317 | Abnormal cerebellum morphology |
| HP:0000501 | Glaucoma |
| HP:0000545 | Myopia |
| HP:0000520 | Proptosis |
| HP:0000365 | Hearing impairment |
| HP:0000767 | Pectus excavatum |
| HP:0001555 | Asymmetry of the thorax |
| HP:0000077 | Abnormality of the kidney |
| HP:0000105 | Enlarged kidney |
| HP:0000107 | Renal cyst |
| HP:0000820 | Abnormality of the thyroid gland |
| HP:0000853 | Goiter |
| HP:0000044 | Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
| HP:0000053 | Macroorchidism |
| HP:0000771 | Gynecomastia |
| HP:0001744 | Splenomegaly |
| HP:0002204 | Pulmonary embolism |
| HP:0001645 | Sudden cardiac death |
| HP:0001342 | Cerebral hemorrhage |
| HP:0002017 | Nausea and vomiting |
| HP:0000276 | Long face |
| HP:0000268 | Dolichocephaly |
| HP:0000316 | Hypertelorism |
| HP:0000369 | Low-set ears |
| HP:0000400 | Macrotia |
| HP:0001156 | Brachydactyly |
GWAS Associations
Total GWAS Count: 10
| Study ID | Trait | Mapped Gene | P-value |
|---|
| GCST010241 | Apolipoprotein A1 levels | AKT1 | 5.0e-57 |
| GCST010242 | HDL cholesterol levels | AKT1 | 4.0e-38 |
| GCST006611 | HDL cholesterol | AKT1 | 3.0e-26 |
| GCST003524 | Endometrial cancer | AKT1 | 4.0e-08 |
| GCST003525 | Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma | AKT1 | 4.0e-08 |
| GCST002899 | HDL cholesterol | ZBTB42-VESTAR | 8.0e-09 |
| GCST002223 | HDL cholesterol | ZBTB42-VESTAR | 1.0e-08 |
| GCST004232 | HDL cholesterol levels | ZBTB42-VESTAR | 3.0e-08 |
| GCST011816 | Vitamin C levels | AKT1 | 1.0e-08 |
| GCST90002398 | Neutrophil count | AKT1 | 7.0e-09 |
Cancer Associations
AKT1 mutations are found in multiple cancer types (somatic):
- Breast cancer (E17K hotspot)
- Colorectal cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Endometrial cancer
- Meningioma
- Various solid tumors
The E17K mutation in the PH domain causes constitutive membrane localization and activation, driving oncogenic signaling.
SUMMARY STATISTICS
| Category | Count |
|---|
| Gene Identifiers | 5+ databases |
| Ensembl Transcripts | 90 |
| RefSeq Transcripts (Human) | 7 reviewed |
| UniProt Entries | 8 (1 reviewed canonical) |
| Protein Length | 480 aa |
| InterPro Domains | 10 |
| PDB Structures | 42 |
| Orthologs (Major) | 4 species |
| ClinVar Variants | 943 |
| Pathogenic Variants | 4 |
| AlphaMissense Predictions | 3,188 |
| SpliceAI Predictions | 2,770 |
| Reactome Pathways | 42 |
| GO Terms | 171 |
| STRING Interactions | 14,324 |
| IntAct Interactions | 934 |
| Targeting Drugs (Phase 2+) | 23 |
| Approved Drugs | 4 |
| Expression Tissues | Ubiquitous (273/291 conditions) |
| HPO Phenotypes | 256 |
| GWAS Associations | 10 |
| Mendelian Diseases | 2-3 |
This reference document was generated from biobtree database queries aggregating data from HGNC, Ensembl, NCBI Entrez, UniProt, PDB, AlphaFold, ClinVar, AlphaMissense, SpliceAI, Reactome, Gene
Ontology, STRING, IntAct, ChEMBL, PharmGKB, Bgee, GenCC, Orphanet, HPO, and GWAS Catalog.