Section 1: Gene Identifiers
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:644 |
| Approved Symbol | AR |
| Approved Name | androgen receptor |
| Locus Type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Ensembl Gene ID | ENSG00000169083 |
| NCBI Entrez Gene ID | 367 |
| OMIM Gene/Locus ID | 313700 |
| Gene Group | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C |
Aliases: AIS, NR3C4, SMAX1, HUMARA
Previous Symbols: DHTR, SBMA
Previous Names: dihydrotestosterone receptor, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Genomic Location
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | X |
| Cytogenetic Band | Xq12 |
| Start Position | 67,543,353 |
| End Position | 67,730,619 |
| Strand | + (forward) |
| Genome Build | GRCh38/hg38 |
| Biotype | protein_coding |
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts (Total: 10)
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Strand |
|---|
| ENST00000374690 | protein_coding | 67,544,021 | 67,730,619 | + |
| ENST00000396043 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 67,544,021 | 67,724,288 | + |
| ENST00000396044 | protein_coding | 67,545,144 | 67,723,936 | + |
| ENST00000504326 | protein_coding | 67,544,820 | 67,696,075 | + |
| ENST00000513847 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 67,544,820 | 67,689,763 | + |
| ENST00000514029 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 67,544,820 | 67,696,075 | + |
| ENST00000612452 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 67,544,021 | 67,730,619 | + |
| ENST00000613054 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 67,544,820 | 67,696,075 | + |
| ENST00000853518 | protein_coding | 67,543,353 | 67,724,392 | + |
| ENST00000853519 | protein_coding | 67,544,134 | 67,724,340 | + |
RefSeq Transcripts
| RefSeq ID | Type | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NM_000044 | mRNA | REVIEWED | ✓ Yes (Canonical) |
CCDS IDs (Total: 3)
| CCDS ID |
|---|
| CCDS14387 |
| CCDS87754 |
| CCDS87755 |
Canonical Transcript Exons (ENST00000374690)
Total Exon Count: 8
| Exon ID | Start | End | Strand |
|---|
| ENSE00003901971 | 67,544,021 | 67,546,762 | + |
| ENSE00003606052 | 67,643,256 | 67,643,407 | + |
| ENSE00003625235 | 67,686,010 | 67,686,126 | + |
| ENSE00001165476 | 67,711,402 | 67,711,689 | + |
| ENSE00001282597 | 67,717,478 | 67,717,622 | + |
| ENSE00001165458 | 67,721,833 | 67,721,963 | + |
| ENSE00001316881 | 67,722,827 | 67,722,984 | + |
| ENSE00001930911 | 67,723,686 | 67,730,619 | + |
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions (Total: 6)
| UniProt ID | Status | Notes |
|---|
| P10275 | ✓ Reviewed (Swiss-Prot) | Canonical entry |
| A0A087WUX9 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | Isoform |
| A0A087X1B6 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | Isoform |
| A0A7I2PS51 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | Isoform |
| E9PEG3 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | Isoform |
| F5GZG9 | Unreviewed (TrEMBL) | Isoform |
Canonical Protein (P10275) Properties
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Protein Name | Androgen receptor |
| Alternative Names | Dihydrotestosterone receptor; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 |
| Length | 920 amino acids |
| Molecular Mass | 99,188 Da |
Protein Domains and Families (Total: 6)
| InterPro ID | Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR000536 | Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd | Domain |
| IPR001103 | Andrgn_rcpt | Family |
| IPR001628 | Znf_hrmn_rcpt | Domain |
| IPR013088 | Znf_NHR/GATA | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR035500 | NHR-like_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR050200 | Nuclear_hormone_rcpt_NR3 | Family |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures
Total PDB Structures: 94
| PDB ID | Method | Resolution (Å) | Title |
|---|
| 8E1A | X-ray | 1.20 | Novel AR inhibitors |
| 7ZTZ | X-ray | 1.40 | AR-LBD (Y764C) with DHT |
| 4OHA | X-ray | 1.42 | T877A-AR-LBD with coactivator |
| 5V8Q | X-ray | 1.44 | SARM Part III |
| 2AX6 | X-ray | 1.50 | T877A mutant with hydroxyflutamide |
| 3L3X | X-ray | 1.55 | DHT-bound AR with SRC3 motif |
| 8FH0 | X-ray | 1.59 | H875Y/F877L/T878A mutant |
| 8FH2 | X-ray | 1.59 | L702H/H875Y mutant |
| 2AM9 | X-ray | 1.64 | AR-LBD with testosterone |
| 2AX9 | X-ray | 1.65 | AR-LBD with R-3 |
| 2PNU | X-ray | 1.65 | AR-LBD with EM-5744 |
| 3B66 | X-ray | 1.65 | SARM S-21 |
| 1T65 | X-ray | 1.66 | AR-LBD with DHT and GRIP1 |
| 7ZU1 | X-ray | 1.68 | AR-LBD (V758A) with DHT |
| 8FH1 | X-ray | 1.69 | F877L/T878A mutant |
| 3RLL | X-ray | 1.70 | T877A with SARM |
| 3V49 | X-ray | 1.70 | AR-LBD with SARM inhibitor |
| 7ZU2 | X-ray | 1.74 | AR-LBD (Q799E) with DHT |
| 2AMB | X-ray | 1.75 | AR-LBD with tetrahydrogestrinone |
| 2PIT | X-ray | 1.76 | AR-LBD with small molecule |
| (and 74 more structures...) | | | |
AlphaFold Predicted Structure
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| AlphaFold ID | AF-P10275-F1 |
| Global pLDDT Score | 58.85 |
| Sequence Length | 6958 (full model) |
| Fraction Very High Confidence | 0.29 (29%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Organism | Gene ID | Symbol | Biotype |
|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | ENSMUSG00000046532 | Ar | protein_coding |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | ENSRNOG00000005639 | Ar | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000067976 | ar | protein_coding |
| Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | FBGN0035849 | ERR | protein_coding |
| Worm (C. elegans) | No data available | | |
| Yeast (S. cerevisiae) | No data available | | |
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Clinical Variant Summary
Total Variants in ClinVar: 1,053+
| Classification | Count |
|---|
| Pathogenic | 100+ |
| Likely Pathogenic | 100+ |
| Uncertain Significance (VUS) | ~700 |
| Benign/Likely Benign | ~150 |
| Conflicting | ~50 |
TOP 50 Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type | Classification |
|---|
| 1076800 | c.1063G>T (p.Glu355Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1298367 | c.175C>T (p.Gln59Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 265460 | c.2257C>T (p.Arg753Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 279682 | c.1822C>T (p.Arg608Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 279684 | c.1847G>A (p.Arg616His) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 279686 | c.2301del (p.Asp768fs) | Deletion | Pathogenic |
| 279687 | c.2566C>T (p.Arg856Cys) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 279688 | c.2567G>T (p.Arg856Leu) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 279690 | c.2668G>A (p.Val890Met) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1068775 | c.2225G>T (p.Trp742Leu) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1077100 | c.2170C>T (p.Pro724Ser) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1196591 | c.1762G>C (p.Ala588Pro) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1065434 | c.2237T>C (p.Met746Thr) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1338497 | c.2197G>A (p.Asp733Asn) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1333387 | c.2710G>T (p.Val904Leu) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1368614 | c.1443C>A (p.Tyr481Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic |
| 1298359 | c.2255G>A (p.Trp752Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1342730 | c.2494C>T (p.Arg832Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1344505 | c.2407dup (p.Gln803fs) | Duplication | Pathogenic |
| 1685531 | c.208C>T (p.Gln70Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1685535 | c.1195T>C (p.Trp399Arg) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1685537 | c.1208C>T (p.Ala403Val) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1685540 | c.2184C>G (p.Asn728Lys) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 235415 | c.1804T>G (p.Cys602Gly) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 1177442 | c.2255G>C (p.Trp752Ser) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1298366 | c.1742A>C (p.Lys581Thr) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1338633 | c.2668G>T (p.Val890Leu) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1480317 | c.2318A>G (p.Glu773Gly) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1506100 | c.2126G>T (p.Gly709Val) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1687577 | c.1768+1G>A | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 1805862 | c.1749C>G (p.Phe583Leu) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 2000750 | c.2174-2A>G | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 2431800 | c.2221T>C (p.Ser741Pro) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 381643 | c.1720G>C (p.Ala574Pro) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 390372 | c.2258G>T (p.Arg753Leu) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 391803 | c.2137C>A (p.Leu713Ile) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 421614 | c.2740C>A (p.Pro914Thr) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 427107 | c.1888C>T (p.Arg630Trp) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 429930 | c.2723T>A (p.Leu908His) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 458359 | c.1805G>A (p.Cys602Tyr) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 458360 | c.1850T>C (p.Leu617Pro) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 458361 | c.2103G>T (p.Leu701Phe) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 464791 | c.1736G>C (p.Ser579Thr) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 464800 | c.2696T>C (p.Ile899Thr) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 492788 | c.2104C>T (p.Leu702Phe) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 533378 | c.2053G>A (p.Val685Ile) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 915284 | c.2342T>A (p.Met781Lys) | SNV | Likely pathogenic |
| 2635610 | c.1531A>T (p.Arg511Ter) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 2921352 | c.1339_1342dup (p.Gly448fs) | Duplication | Pathogenic |
| 3061398 | c.2743del (p.Ile915fs) | Deletion | Pathogenic |
AI-Based Variant Effect Predictions
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total Predicted Variants: 5,978
| Classification | Description |
|---|
| Likely Pathogenic | Pathogenicity score > 0.564 |
| Ambiguous | 0.340 - 0.564 |
| Likely Benign | < 0.340 |
TOP 50 Predicted Pathogenic Missense Variants (by score):
| Variant | Position | AM Score | Class |
|---|
| G6W | X:67545162:G:T | 0.927 | likely_pathogenic |
| G6R | X:67545162:G:A | 0.923 | likely_pathogenic |
| E2V | X:67545151:A:T | 0.890 | likely_pathogenic |
| E2K | X:67545150:G:A | 0.888 | likely_pathogenic |
| G8R | X:67545168:G:A | 0.863 | likely_pathogenic |
| G8E | X:67545169:G:A | 0.770 | likely_pathogenic |
| G8V | X:67545169:G:T | 0.780 | likely_pathogenic |
| E2G | X:67545151:A:G | 0.749 | likely_pathogenic |
| R9S | X:67545173:G:C | 0.748 | likely_pathogenic |
| R9M | X:67545172:G:T | 0.742 | likely_pathogenic |
| G6V | X:67545163:G:T | 0.714 | likely_pathogenic |
| K17M | X:67545196:A:T | 0.700 | likely_pathogenic |
| L5S | X:67545160:T:C | 0.696 | likely_pathogenic |
| E2A | X:67545151:A:C | 0.647 | likely_pathogenic |
| R9W | X:67545171:A:T | 0.640 | likely_pathogenic |
| R9T | X:67545172:G:C | 0.620 | likely_pathogenic |
| R13W | X:67545183:C:T | 0.608 | likely_pathogenic |
| V10D | X:67545175:T:A | 0.606 | likely_pathogenic |
| V3L | X:67545153:G:C | 0.604 | likely_pathogenic |
| E2Q | X:67545150:G:C | 0.601 | likely_pathogenic |
| G6A | X:67545169:G:C | 0.599 | ambiguous |
| R13P | X:67545184:G:C | 0.583 | likely_pathogenic |
| V3M | X:67545153:G:A | 0.572 | likely_pathogenic |
| K17E | X:67545195:A:G | 0.571 | likely_pathogenic |
| Y11D | X:67545177:T:G | 0.823 | likely_pathogenic |
| G8V | X:67545169:G:T | 0.780 | likely_pathogenic |
| K17N | X:67545197:G:C | 0.779 | likely_pathogenic |
| (and more...) | | | |
SpliceAI Predictions
No splice-altering variant predictions available in database
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways (Total: 6)
| Pathway ID | Pathway Name |
|---|
| R-HSA-3371497 | HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand |
| R-HSA-383280 | Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway |
| R-HSA-4090294 | SUMOylation of intracellular receptors |
| R-HSA-5625886 | Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 |
| R-HSA-5689880 | Ub-specific processing proteases |
| R-HSA-8940973 | RUNX2 regulates osteoblast differentiation |
Gene Ontology Annotations (Total: 100+)
Molecular Function (TOP 20)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0003707 | nuclear steroid receptor activity |
| GO:0004879 | nuclear receptor activity |
| GO:0005497 | androgen binding |
| GO:0005496 | steroid binding |
| GO:0003700 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity |
| GO:0000981 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific |
| GO:0001228 | DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific |
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding |
| GO:0003682 | chromatin binding |
| GO:0043565 | sequence-specific DNA binding |
| GO:0034056 | estrogen response element binding |
| GO:0008270 | zinc ion binding |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding |
| GO:0008013 | beta-catenin binding |
| GO:0019899 | enzyme binding |
| GO:0001223 | transcription coactivator binding |
| GO:0051117 | ATPase binding |
| GO:0061629 | RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding TF binding |
| GO:0070974 | POU domain binding |
| GO:0140693 | molecular condensate scaffold activity |
Biological Process (TOP 20)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0030521 | androgen receptor signaling pathway |
| GO:0030518 | nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway |
| GO:0008584 | male gonad development |
| GO:0007283 | spermatogenesis |
| GO:0048808 | male genitalia morphogenesis |
| GO:0060736 | prostate gland growth |
| GO:0060514 | prostate induction |
| GO:0045944 | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| GO:0045893 | positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
| GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
| GO:0033574 | response to testosterone |
| GO:0071394 | cellular response to testosterone stimulus |
| GO:0019102 | male somatic sex determination |
| GO:0033327 | Leydig cell differentiation |
| GO:0072520 | seminiferous tubule development |
| GO:0060749 | mammary gland alveolus development |
| GO:0060742 | epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development |
| GO:0001701 | in utero embryonic development |
| GO:0043410 | positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
Cellular Component (TOP 20)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm |
| GO:0000785 | chromatin |
| GO:0016607 | nuclear speck |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| GO:0032991 | protein-containing complex |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
Protein-Protein Interactions
Total STRING Interactions: 5,158
Total IntAct Interactions: 514+
Total BioGRID Interactions: 1,718
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interactors (STRING)
| UniProt ID | Gene | Score |
|---|
| P07900 | HSP90AA1 | 990 |
| P08238 | HSP90AB1 | 990 |
| P10275 | AR (self) | 990 |
| P55317 | FOXA1 | 987 |
| O60341 | KDM1A | 982 |
| Q00987 | MDM2 | 980 |
| P03372 | ESR1 | 979 |
| P35222 | CTNNB1 | 968 |
| Q13772 | NCOA4 | 964 |
| P12931 | SRC | 944 |
| Q15910 | EZH2 | 942 |
| P07288 | KLK3 (PSA) | 935 |
| O60885 | BRD4 | 929 |
| Q99801 | NKX3-1 | 917 |
| Q15596 | NCOA2 | 906 |
| Q9NQU5 | PIAS4 | 903 |
| P34932 | HSPA4 | 889 |
| Q15788 | NCOA1 | 888 |
| O15393 | TMPRSS2 | 886 |
| P50549 | NFYA | 884 |
| P84022 | SMAD3 | 879 |
| O75376 | NCOR1 | 869 |
| Q9Y261 | FOXA2 | 857 |
| P60484 | PTEN | 853 |
| O43294 | TGFB1I1 | 851 |
| Q12778 | FOXO1 | 844 |
| Q9BY66 | KDM4C | 840 |
| P04637 | TP53 | 839 |
| Q13547 | HDAC1 | 836 |
| P24385 | CCND1 | 831 |
| P20151 | NR4A1 | 823 |
| Q92826 | SMARCD3 | 822 |
| Q9Y6Q9 | NCOA3 | 822 |
| P31213 | GPRC6A | 816 |
| Q92793 | CREBBP | 816 |
| Q9UBS8 | RNF14 | 810 |
| Q13485 | SMAD4 | 809 |
| P05093 | CYP17A1 | 794 |
| P08069 | IGF1R | 793 |
| O43791 | SPOP | 788 |
| P11511 | CYP19A1 | 785 |
| Q96PM5 | ARID5B | 780 |
| P01148 | GNRH1 | 779 |
| P49841 | GSK3B | 779 |
| O75369 | FLNB | 779 |
| Q14315 | FLNC | 777 |
| P38398 | BRCA1 | 773 |
| P04626 | ERBB2 | 772 |
| Q02880 | TOP2B | 771 |
| P00354 | GAPDH | 766 |
Protein Similarity (ESM2 Embedding-Based)
Total Similar Proteins: 79
| UniProt ID | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity |
|---|
| A7X8B3 | 1.0000 | 0.9950 |
| A7X8B5 | 1.0000 | 0.9949 |
| A7X8B7 | 1.0000 | 0.9951 |
| O97952 | 1.0000 | 0.9950 |
| O97960 | 1.0000 | 0.9950 |
| P06401 (PR) | 1.0000 | 0.9949 |
| Q6QT55 | 1.0000 | 0.9950 |
| Q9QZB6 | 1.0000 | 0.9919 |
| P51179 | 1.0000 | 0.9920 |
| O97775 | 0.9999 | 0.9948 |
| P15207 | 0.9998 | 0.9952 |
| P19091 | 0.9998 | 0.9949 |
| P06186 | 0.9997 | 0.9949 |
| Q00175 (GR) | 0.9996 | 0.9948 |
| Q9GKL7 | 0.9996 | 0.9950 |
| Q15464 (SHB) | 0.9994 | 0.9872 |
| Q63449 (Ar rat) | 0.9996 | 0.9942 |
| O43435 (NR3C4) | 0.9912 | 0.9865 |
| (and more...) | | |
Protein Sequence Similarity (Diamond BLAST)
Total Homologous Proteins: 85
| UniProt ID | Identity (%) | BitScore |
|---|
| Q4JM28 | 99.6 | 1812 |
| Q9N0W8 | 99.6 | 1811 |
| Q3YC04 | 99.2 | 1795 |
| P08235 (MR) | 98.7 | 1781 |
| A7X8B3 | 99.5 | 1707 |
| A7X8B5 | 99.5 | 1705 |
| A7X8B7 | 99.1 | 1701 |
| P06401 (PR) | 98.6 | 1692 |
| A7X8C4 | 98.3 | 1685 |
| P15207 | 96.6 | 1677 |
| P19091 | 96.6 | 1682 |
| P22199 | 96.1 | 1666 |
| O97952 | 99.8 | 1665 |
| O97960 | 99.2 | 1655 |
| O97775 | 98.7 | 1642 |
| Q63449 (Ar rat) | 94.4 | 1619 |
| Q00175 (GR) | 95.0 | 1607 |
| (and more...) | | |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
AR is a transcription factor - Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C
DNA Binding Profiles (JASPAR)
| JASPAR ID | Name | Collection | Class | Family |
|---|
| MA0007.2 | AR | CORE | Nuclear receptors with C4 zinc fingers | Steroid hormone receptors (NR3) |
Downstream Targets (Genes Regulated BY AR)
From SIGNOR Database (114+ regulatory relationships)
| Target Gene | Effect | Mechanism | Direct |
|---|
| KLK3 (PSA) | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| TMPRSS2 | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| NKX3-1 | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| UBE2C | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| SERPINB5 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| SCN9A | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| ARG2 | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| ARG1 | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| NAT1 | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| CLK3 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| BTG1 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| BTG2 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| CDKN1A | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| NRAS | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| WEE1 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| CTNNB1 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| UCN | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| CRH | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| AKR1C3 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| CYP7B1 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | No |
| ZBTB46 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | Yes |
Upstream Regulators of AR
| Regulator | Effect | Mechanism | Score |
|---|
| NCOA2 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.90 |
| HSP90AA1 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.76 |
| HSP90AB1 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.70 |
| FKBP4 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.72 |
| FOXA1 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | 0.77 |
| SRC | Up-regulates activity | Phosphorylation | 0.76 |
| ZMIZ1 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.71 |
| EZH2 | Up-regulates activity | Binding | 0.54 |
| HOXB13 | Down-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | 0.49 |
| KDM4B | Up-regulates | Transcriptional regulation | 0.33 |
| AKT1 | Down-regulates activity | Phosphorylation | 0.59 |
| PKN1 | Up-regulates | Phosphorylation | 0.59 |
| CDK1 | Up-regulates | Phosphorylation | 0.53 |
| MAPK1 | Down-regulates | Phosphorylation | 0.51 |
| PIM1 | Up-regulates activity | Phosphorylation | 0.38 |
| PTEN | Up-regulates activity | Dephosphorylation | 0.58 |
| TNK2 | Up-regulates activity | Phosphorylation | 0.55 |
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
ChEMBL Target Information
| ChEMBL ID | Target Type | Description |
|---|
| CHEMBL1871 | SINGLE PROTEIN | Androgen receptor |
| CHEMBL4296118 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN | AR/BIRC2 interaction |
| CHEMBL4523653 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN | AR/PELP1 interaction |
| CHEMBL4523684 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN | Cereblon/AR interaction |
| CHEMBL4523730 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN | VHL/AR interaction |
| CHEMBL5169084 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN | Cereblon/CUL4A/AR |
Approved Drugs Targeting AR (Phase 4, Total: 74)
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Type | Mechanism |
|---|
| CHEMBL1082407 | ENZALUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL3183409 | APALUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL4297185 | DAROLUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL409 | BICALUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL806 | FLUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL1274 | NILUTAMIDE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL271227 | ABIRATERONE ACETATE | Small molecule | CYP17A1 inhibitor (indirect) |
| CHEMBL3590187 | CLASCOTERONE | Small molecule | Topical AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL386630 | TESTOSTERONE | Small molecule | AR agonist |
| CHEMBL1170 | TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE | Small molecule | AR agonist |
| CHEMBL1445 | FLUOXYMESTERONE | Small molecule | AR agonist |
| CHEMBL1200436 | OXANDROLONE | Small molecule | AR agonist |
| CHEMBL1393 | SPIRONOLACTONE | Small molecule | AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL103 | PROGESTERONE | Small molecule | Steroid |
| CHEMBL135 | ESTRADIOL | Small molecule | ER agonist/AR modulator |
| CHEMBL691 | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | Small molecule | ER agonist |
| CHEMBL1200430 | ESTRADIOL ACETATE | Small molecule | ER agonist |
| CHEMBL1511 | ESTRADIOL VALERATE | Small molecule | ER agonist |
| CHEMBL384467 | DEXAMETHASONE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL131 | PREDNISOLONE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL632 | BETAMETHASONE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL1370 | BUDESONIDE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL1473 | FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL1161 | MOMETASONE FUROATE | Small molecule | GR agonist |
| CHEMBL717 | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | Small molecule | Progestin |
| CHEMBL1389 | LEVONORGESTREL | Small molecule | Progestin |
| CHEMBL1509 | DROSPIRENONE | Small molecule | Progestin/AR antagonist |
| CHEMBL2355051 | CLOMIPHENE | Small molecule | SERM |
| CHEMBL1276308 | MIFEPRISTONE | Small molecule | PR/GR antagonist |
| CHEMBL260538 | ULIPRISTAL ACETATE | Small molecule | PR modulator |
Pharmacogenomics (PharmGKB)
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| PharmGKB ID | PA57 |
| VIP Gene | Yes (Very Important Pharmacogene) |
| CPIC Guidelines | None currently available |
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Bgee Expression Summary
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Expression Pattern | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 250 |
| Maximum Expression Score | 97.53 |
Tissue Expression (TOP 30 by Expression Score)
| Tissue | Score | Call Quality | Rank |
|---|
| Seminal vesicle | 97.53 | Gold | 1,150 |
| Urethra | 96.69 | Gold | 1,540 |
| Nipple | 96.13 | Gold | 1,800 |
| Mammalian vulva | 94.97 | Gold | 2,350 |
| Corpus epididymis | 94.70 | Gold | 2,470 |
| Penis | 93.15 | Gold | 3,200 |
| Caput epididymis | 92.58 | Gold | 3,460 |
| Cauda epididymis | 90.91 | Gold | 4,240 |
| Mammary duct | 90.78 | Gold | 4,300 |
| Liver | 89.24 | Gold | 5,020 |
| Rectus abdominis (muscle) | 89.22 | Gold | 5,030 |
| Buccal mucosa | 89.09 | Gold | 5,080 |
| Saphenous vein | 88.92 | Gold | 5,160 |
| Right lobe of liver | 87.87 | Gold | 5,650 |
| Hip skin | 87.47 | Gold | 5,840 |
| Synovial joint | 87.40 | Gold | 5,870 |
| Mammary gland epithelium | 86.96 | Gold | 6,080 |
| Mammary gland | 86.73 | Gold | 6,190 |
| Calcaneal tendon | 86.66 | Gold | 6,220 |
| Left ventricle myocardium | 85.78 | Gold | 6,630 |
| Endocervix | 85.48 | Gold | 6,770 |
| Heart right ventricle | 85.47 | Gold | 6,770 |
| Prostate gland | 85.46 | Gold | 6,780 |
| Tendon | 84.65 | Gold | 7,150 |
| Fallopian tube | 84.36 | Gold | 7,290 |
| Ectocervix | 83.88 | Gold | 7,520 |
| Vagina | 83.84 | Gold | 7,530 |
| Vena cava | 83.75 | Gold | 7,580 |
| Biceps brachii | 83.67 | Gold | 7,610 |
| Upper leg skin | 83.48 | Gold | 7,700 |
Single-Cell Expression Data (SCXA)
Total Datasets: 3
| Experiment ID | Description | Species | Cell Count |
|---|
| E-MTAB-10855 | Mammary gland lactation single-cell | Homo sapiens | 74,404 |
| E-MTAB-10885 | Human milk vs breast tissue scRNA-seq | Homo sapiens | 28,628 |
| E-MTAB-9841 | Mammary epithelial cells scRNA-seq | Homo sapiens | 92,071 |
Section 12: Disease Associations
Mendelian/Monogenic Diseases (Orphanet)
| Orphanet ID | Disease Name | Type | Gene Count | Phenotype Count |
|---|
| ORPHA:481 | Kennedy disease (SBMA) | Disease | 1 | 13 |
| ORPHA:90797 | Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome | Disease | 1 | 26 |
| ORPHA:99429 | Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome | Disease | 1 | 25 |
| ORPHA:95706 | Non-syndromic posterior hypospadias | Morphological anomaly | 2 | 16 |
GenCC Gene-Disease Validity (Total: 11 curated associations)
| Disease | Classification | Inheritance | Submitter |
|---|
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Definitive | X-linked | Ambry Genetics |
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Definitive | X-linked | G2P |
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Strong | X-linked | Labcorp |
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Strong | X-linked | LMM |
| Kennedy disease | Definitive | X-linked | G2P |
| Kennedy disease | Strong | X-linked | Ambry Genetics |
| Kennedy disease | Strong | X-linked | Labcorp |
| Kennedy disease | Supportive | X-linked | Orphanet |
| Partial androgen insensitivity | Strong | X-linked | Genomics England |
| Partial androgen insensitivity | Supportive | X-linked | Orphanet |
| Complete androgen insensitivity | Supportive | X-linked | Orphanet |
Phenotype Associations (HPO) - Total: 93
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0000027 | Azoospermia |
| HP:0000028 | Cryptorchidism |
| HP:0000029 | Testicular atrophy |
| HP:0000037 | Male pseudohermaphroditism |
| HP:0000047 | Hypospadias |
| HP:0000054 | Micropenis |
| HP:0000062 | Ambiguous genitalia |
| HP:0000135 | Hypogonadism |
| HP:0000771 | Gynecomastia |
| HP:0000786 | Primary amenorrhea |
| HP:0000789 | Infertility |
| HP:0003251 | Male infertility |
| HP:0008226 | Androgen insufficiency |
| HP:0008689 | Bilateral cryptorchidism |
| HP:0008730 | Female external genitalia in 46,XY |
| HP:0001252 | Hypotonia |
| HP:0001260 | Dysarthria |
| HP:0001265 | Hyporeflexia |
| HP:0001283 | Bulbar palsy |
| HP:0001288 | Gait disturbance |
| HP:0001337 | Tremor |
| HP:0002380 | Fasciculations |
| HP:0003202 | Skeletal muscle atrophy |
| HP:0003236 | Elevated CK |
| HP:0003690 | Limb muscle weakness |
| HP:0008981 | Calf muscle hypertrophy |
| HP:0009830 | Peripheral neuropathy |
| HP:0002215 | Sparse axillary hair |
| HP:0002225 | Sparse pubic hair |
| HP:0002550 | Absent facial hair |
| HP:0010788 | Testicular neoplasm |
| HP:0012125 | Prostate cancer |
| HP:0030088 | Increased serum testosterone |
| HP:0008232 | Elevated FSH |
| HP:0011969 | Elevated LH |
| HP:0025134 | Increased serum estradiol |
| HP:0001417 | X-linked inheritance |
| HP:0001419 | X-linked recessive inheritance |
| HP:0003581 | Adult onset |
| HP:0003577 | Congenital onset |
| HP:0003677 | Slowly progressive |
| HP:0100639 | Erectile dysfunction |
| (and 51 more phenotypes...) | |
Complex Trait Associations (GWAS)
No direct GWAS associations found in database for HGNC:644
SUMMARY STATISTICS
| Category | Count |
|---|
| Total Transcripts | 10 |
| Total UniProt Entries | 6 |
| Total PDB Structures | 94 |
| Total InterPro Domains | 6 |
| Total Orthologs | 4 |
| Total ClinVar Variants | 1,053+ |
| Total AlphaMissense Predictions | 5,978 |
| Total GO Annotations | 100+ |
| Total Reactome Pathways | 6 |
| Total STRING Interactions | 5,158 |
| Total IntAct Interactions | 514+ |
| Total SIGNOR Regulatory Entries | 114+ |
| Total Approved Drugs (ChEMBL Phase 4) | 74 |
| Total HPO Phenotypes | 93 |
| Total Orphanet Diseases | 4 |
| Total GenCC Curated Associations | 11 |
---Reference compiled from BioBTree aggregated databases including: HGNC, Ensembl, NCBI Entrez, OMIM, UniProt, PDB, AlphaFold, InterPro, ClinVar, AlphaMissense, GO, Reactome, STRING, IntAct,
BioGRID, SIGNOR, JASPAR, ChEMBL, PharmGKB, Bgee, SCXA, HPO, Orphanet, and GenCC.