Section 1: Gene Identifiers
| Database | Identifier | Description |
|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:959 | Approved symbol: BAX |
| HGNC Name | BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator | |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000087088 | protein_coding |
| NCBI Entrez Gene | 581 | protein-coding |
| OMIM | 600040 | Gene/Locus |
| Status | Approved | Locus type: gene with protein product |
| Locus Group | protein-coding gene | |
| Gene Family | BCL2 family | |
| Aliases | BCL2L4 | |
| Previous Names | BCL2-associated X protein; BCL2 associated X protein | |
Genomic Location
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | 19 |
| Cytogenetic Band | 19q13.33 |
| Start Position | 48,954,815 |
| End Position | 48,961,798 |
| Strand | + (positive) |
| Genome Assembly | GRCh38 (homo_sapiens) |
| Gene Span | 6,984 bp |
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts
Total Transcript Count: 13
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Strand | UTR Info |
|---|
| ENST00000293288 | protein_coding | 48954929 | 48961798 | + | 3'UTR: 48961098-48961798 |
| ENST00000345358 | protein_coding | 48954875 | 48961798 | + | 5'UTR: 48954875-48954928; 3'UTR: 48961637-48961798 |
| ENST00000354470 | protein_coding | 48954929 | 48961637 | + | 3'UTR: 48961637 |
| ENST00000356483 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 48954929 | 48961636 | + | 3'UTR: 48961532-48961636 |
| ENST00000415969 | protein_coding | 48954929 | 48961636 | + | - |
| ENST00000502487 | retained_intron | 48954815 | 48961704 | + | - |
| ENST00000503726 | retained_intron | 48955508 | 48960835 | + | - |
| ENST00000506183 | protein_coding | 48954929 | 48961639 | + | 3'UTR: 48961637-48961639 |
| ENST00000513217 | retained_intron | 48955853 | 48961197 | + | - |
| ENST00000513545 | retained_intron | 48954897 | 48961713 | + | - |
| ENST00000515540 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 48954929 | 48956316 | + | 3'UTR: 48956198-48956316 |
| ENST00000539787 | protein_coding | 48954929 | 48961097 | + | 5'UTR: 48956198 |
| ENST00000880100 | protein_coding | 48954871 | 48961798 | + | 5'UTR: 48954871-48954928; 3'UTR: 48961637-48961798 |
Biotype Summary:
- Protein coding: 7
- Retained intron: 4
- Nonsense mediated decay: 2
RefSeq Transcripts (Human)
| RefSeq ID | Type | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NM_138761 | mRNA | REVIEWED | ✓ YES (Canonical) |
| NM_004324 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_138763 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_138764 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001291428 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001291429 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001291430 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NM_001291431 | mRNA | REVIEWED | No |
| NR_027882 | ncRNA | REVIEWED | No |
RefSeq Proteins (Human)
| RefSeq Protein | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NP_620116 | REVIEWED | ✓ YES |
| NP_004315 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_620118 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_620119 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001278357 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001278358 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001278359 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001278360 | REVIEWED | No |
CCDS IDs
Total: 5
| CCDS ID |
|---|
| CCDS12742 |
| CCDS12743 |
| CCDS12744 |
| CCDS12745 |
| CCDS77327 |
Canonical Transcript Exons (ENST00000293288)
Total Exon Count: 5
| Exon ID | Start | End | Strand | Length |
|---|
| ENSE00003477122 | 48954929 | 48954962 | + | 34 bp |
| ENSE00000853382 | 48955548 | 48955599 | + | 52 bp |
| ENSE00003478529 | 48955687 | 48955833 | + | 147 bp |
| ENSE00003731885 | 48956198 | 48956333 | + | 136 bp |
| ENSE00002027056 | 48960810 | 48961798 | + | 989 bp |
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions
| UniProt ID | Name | Type | Mass | Length |
|---|
| Q07812 | Apoptosis regulator BAX | ✓ Canonical/Reviewed | 21,184 Da | 192 aa |
Alternative Names: Bcl-2-like protein 4
Protein Domains and Families
Total: 7 InterPro entries
| InterPro ID | Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR002475 | Bcl2-like | Family |
| IPR026298 | Bcl-2_fam | Family |
| IPR036834 | Bcl-2-like_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR046371 | Bcl-2_BH1-3 | Domain |
| IPR020717 | Bcl2_BH1_motif_CS | Conserved_site |
| IPR020726 | Bcl2_BH2_motif_CS | Conserved_site |
| IPR020728 | Bcl2_BH3_motif_CS | Conserved_site |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures (PDB)
Total PDB Structure Count: 37
| PDB ID | Method | Resolution | Title |
|---|
| 1F16 | SOLUTION NMR | - | Solution structure of a pro-apoptotic protein BAX |
| 2G5B | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.3 Å | Crystal Structure of anti-Bax monoclonal antibody 6A7 and Bax peptide |
| 2K7W | SOLUTION NMR | - | BAX Activation is Initiated at a Novel Interaction Site |
| 2LR1 | SOLUTION NMR | - | Structural Mechanism for Bax Inhibition by Cytomegalovirus protein vMIA |
| 3PK1 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.49 Å | Crystal structure of Mcl-1 in complex with the BaxBH3 domain |
| 3PL7 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.61 Å | Crystal structure of Bcl-xL in complex with the BaxBH3 domain |
| 4BD2 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.21 Å | Bax domain swapped dimer in complex with BidBH3 |
| 4BD6 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.49 Å | Bax domain swapped dimer in complex with BaxBH3 |
| 4BD7 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.80 Å | Bax domain swapped dimer induced by octylmaltoside |
| 4BD8 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.22 Å | Bax domain swapped dimer induced by BimBH3 with CHAPS |
| 4BDU | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.00 Å | Bax BH3-in-Groove dimer (GFP) |
| 4S0O | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 1.90 Å | Crystal Structure of Autoinhibited Dimer of Pro-apoptotic BAX (I) |
| 4S0P | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.25 Å | Crystal Structure of Autoinhibited Dimer of Pro-apoptotic BAX (II) |
| 4UF2 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.00 Å | Deerpox virus DPV022 in complex with Bax BH3 |
| 4ZIE | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 1.80 Å | Core/latch dimer of Bax in complex with BimBH3 |
| 4ZIF | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.40 Å | Core/latch dimer of Bax in complex with BimBH3mini |
| 4ZIG | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.20 Å | Core/latch dimer of Bax in complex with BidBH3mini |
| 4ZIH | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.50 Å | Core/latch dimer of Bax in complex with BimBH3mini |
| 4ZII | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.19 Å | Core/latch dimer of BaxI66A in complex with BidBH3 |
| 5W5X | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.50 Å | BAXP168G in complex with activating antibody |
| 5W5Z | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.00 Å | BAXP168G in complex with activating antibody (high res) |
| 5W60 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 1.80 Å | BAXP168G monomer cryo-protected with ethylene glycol |
| 5W61 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.30 Å | BAXP168G monomer co-crystallized with glycerol |
| 6EB6 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.02 Å | BAX W139A monomer |
| 6L8V | SOLUTION NMR | - | Membrane-bound Bax helix2-helix5 domain |
| 6L95 | SOLUTION NMR | - | Transmembrane-domain of Bax |
| 6TRR | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.12 Å | Tanapoxvirus mediated inhibition of apoptosis |
| 6XY6 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.91 Å | Sheep-pox virus mediated inhibition of apoptosis |
| 7ADT | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.21 Å | Orf virus Apoptosis inhibitor ORFV125 |
| 8G1T | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.09 Å | Bax core domain BH3-groove dimer - tetrameric P21 |
| 8SPE | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.30 Å | Bax core domain BH3-groove dimer - tetrameric P31 |
| 8SPF | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.20 Å | Bax core domain BH3-groove dimer - hexameric with lysoPC |
| 8SPZ | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.40 Å | Bax core domain BH3-groove dimer - hexameric with phosphatidylserine |
| 8SRX | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.09 Å | BAK-BAX heterodimer with lysoPC |
| 8SRY | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.40 Å | BAK-BAX heterodimer with C12E8 |
| 8SVK | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.25 Å | Bax D71N core domain BH3-groove dimer |
| 9IXU | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY | 3.19 Å | Overall reconstruction of the Bax line |
Method Summary:
- X-ray Diffraction: 30 structures
- Solution NMR: 6 structures
- Electron Microscopy: 1 structure
Predicted Structures (AlphaFold)
| AlphaFold ID | Global pLDDT | Sequence Length | Fraction Very High Confidence |
|---|
| Q07812 | 86.71 | 1488 | 0.61 (61%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Organism | Ensembl Gene ID | Symbol | Biotype |
|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | ENSMUSG00000003873 | Bax | protein_coding |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | ENSRNOG00000020876 | Bax | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000020623 | baxa | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000030881 | baxb | protein_coding |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000089129 | - | protein_coding |
| Worm (C. elegans) | WBGENE00000423 | - | - |
Note: No direct orthologs found in fruit fly (D. melanogaster) or yeast (S. cerevisiae).
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Clinical Variants
Total Variant Count: 53
Classification Breakdown
| Classification | Count |
|---|
| Pathogenic | 3 |
| Likely Pathogenic | 1 |
| Uncertain Significance (VUS) | 39 |
| Likely Benign | 5 |
| Benign | 1 |
| No Classification | 4 |
Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants (TOP 4)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type | Classification |
|---|
| 9512 | NM_138761.4(BAX):c.121del (p.Glu41fs) | Deletion | Pathogenic |
| 9513 | NM_138761.4(BAX):c.199G>A (p.Gly67Arg) | SNV | Pathogenic |
| 9514 | NM_138761.4(BAX):c.115_121del (p.Gly39fs) | Deletion | Pathogenic |
| 4278421 | NM_138761.4(BAX):c.474+50_474+63del | Deletion | Likely pathogenic |
Uncertain Significance Variants (Selected)
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Type |
|---|
| 9511 | c.121dup (p.Glu41fs) | Duplication |
| 2260655 | c.10T>C (p.Ser4Pro) | SNV |
| 2301364 | c.114G>T (p.Met38Ile) | SNV |
| 2350019 | c.43A>G (p.Ser15Gly) | SNV |
| 2351869 | c.7G>T (p.Gly3Trp) | SNV |
| 2543287 | c.196A>G (p.Ile66Val) | SNV |
| 2543620 | c.167C>A (p.Thr56Asn) | SNV |
| 3133020 | c.241G>C (p.Ala81Pro) | SNV |
| 3133021 | c.297G>C (p.Met99Ile) | SNV |
| 3260471 | c.278T>C (p.Phe93Ser) | SNV |
SpliceAI Predictions
Total Predicted Splice Variants: 837+
TOP 50 High-Impact Splice Variants (Score ≥ 0.90)
| Variant ID | Effect | Score |
|---|
| 19:48955118:G:GT | donor_gain | 1.00 |
| 19:48955199:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.99 |
| 19:48954932:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.99 |
| 19:48954943:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.99 |
| 19:48954943:G:T | donor_gain | 0.99 |
| 19:48954959:GGGG:G | donor_gain | 0.98 |
| 19:48954960:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.98 |
| 19:48954960:GGG:G | donor_gain | 0.97 |
| 19:48954917:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.95 |
| 19:48955216:C:T | donor_gain | 0.95 |
| 19:48954972:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.95 |
| 19:48954961:GG:G | donor_gain | 0.95 |
| 19:48963963:GTGAG:G | donor_loss | 0.95 |
| 19:48954958:C:T | donor_gain | 0.94 |
| 19:48954965:GAG:G | donor_loss | 0.93 |
| 19:48955118:G:T | donor_gain | 0.92 |
| 19:48954972:G:T | donor_gain | 0.91 |
| 19:48955191:G:T | donor_gain | 0.91 |
| 19:48955256:C:T | donor_gain | 0.90 |
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total Missense Predictions: 1,250+
TOP 50 Predicted Pathogenic Missense Variants
| Variant | Protein Change | Pathogenicity Score | Classification |
|---|
| 19:48955788:T:C | L63P | 1.000 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955580:G:T | G23W | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955581:G:A | G23E | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955689:T:C | F30S | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955688:T:C | F30L | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955590:T:C | L26S | 0.999 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955580:G:A | G23R | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955580:G:C | G23R | 0.998 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955692:T:A | I31N | 0.997 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955590:T:G | L26W | 0.996 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955689:T:G | F30C | 0.996 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955788:T:G | L63R | 0.995 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955776:T:C | L59P | 0.995 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955569:T:G | I19S | 0.994 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955692:T:C | I31T | 0.992 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955692:T:G | I31S | 0.991 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955581:G:T | G23V | 0.991 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955569:T:A | I19N | 0.990 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955794:G:C | R65P | 0.990 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955688:T:A | F30I | 0.988 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955701:G:C | R34P | 0.988 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955688:T:G | F30V | 0.985 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955593:T:G | L27R | 0.982 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955786:T:G | C62W | 0.982 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955776:T:A | L59Q | 0.980 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955583:G:C | A24P | 0.980 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955591:G:C | L26F | 0.979 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955591:G:T | L26F | 0.979 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955784:T:C | C62R | 0.971 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955776:T:G | L59R | 0.966 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955568:A:T | I19F | 0.963 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955787:C:T | L63F | 0.959 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955577:A:C | T22P | 0.946 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955785:G:A | C62Y | 0.941 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955701:G:T | R34L | 0.932 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955700:C:G | R34G | 0.928 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955587:T:C | L25P | 0.923 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955596:A:C | Q28P | 0.921 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955573:G:A | M20I | 0.915 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955572:T:C | M20T | 0.915 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955572:T:A | M20K | 0.911 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955796:A:C | I66L | 0.910 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955785:G:T | C62F | 0.899 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955592:C:T | L27F | 0.899 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955792:G:C | K64N | 0.898 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955695:A:C | Q32P | 0.890 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955787:C:G | L27V | 0.890 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955589:T:A | L26M | 0.887 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955572:T:G | M20R | 0.884 | likely_pathogenic |
| 19:48955691:A:T | I31F | 0.870 | likely_pathogenic |
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways
Total Pathway Count: 7
| Pathway ID | Pathway Name |
|---|
| R-HSA-111457 | Release of apoptotic factors from the mitochondria |
| R-HSA-114294 | Activation, translocation and oligomerization of BAX |
| R-HSA-5620971 | Pyroptosis |
| R-HSA-6803204 | TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in Cytochrome C Release |
| R-HSA-6804114 | TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G2 Cell Cycle Arrest |
| R-HSA-8878166 | Transcriptional regulation by RUNX2 |
| R-HSA-9603505 | NTRK3 as a dependence receptor |
Gene Ontology Annotations
Total GO Terms: 110
Biological Process (TOP 20)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0006915 | apoptotic process |
| GO:0097190 | apoptotic signaling pathway |
| GO:0097193 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
| GO:0097191 | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
| GO:0097194 | execution phase of apoptosis |
| GO:0043065 | positive regulation of apoptotic process |
| GO:0001836 | release of cytochrome c from mitochondria |
| GO:0090200 | positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria |
| GO:0008630 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage |
| GO:0070059 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to ER stress |
| GO:0072332 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator |
| GO:0043653 | mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process |
| GO:0008637 | apoptotic mitochondrial changes |
| GO:0051881 | regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential |
| GO:0010917 | negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential |
| GO:0051204 | protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane |
| GO:0001783 | B cell apoptotic process |
| GO:0070242 | thymocyte apoptotic process |
| GO:0043525 | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
| GO:0060057 | apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution |
Molecular Function (TOP 10)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0042802 | identical protein binding |
| GO:0042803 | protein homodimerization activity |
| GO:0046982 | protein heterodimerization activity |
| GO:0051434 | BH3 domain binding |
| GO:0008289 | lipid binding |
| GO:0015267 | channel activity |
| GO:0030544 | Hsp70 protein binding |
Cellular Component (TOP 15)
| GO ID | Term Name |
|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion |
| GO:0005741 | mitochondrial outer membrane |
| GO:0005757 | mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex |
| GO:0097136 | Bcl-2 family protein complex |
| GO:0097144 | BAX complex |
| GO:0097145 | BAK complex |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| GO:0005635 | nuclear envelope |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum |
| GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane |
| GO:0016020 | membrane |
| GO:0046930 | pore complex |
| GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
Protein-Protein Interactions (IntAct)
Total Interaction Count: 268+
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interacting Proteins
| Interactor Gene | Interaction Type | Confidence Score |
|---|
| BAX (self) | direct interaction | 0.97 |
| BCL2L1 (BCL-xL) | direct interaction | 0.97 |
| BCL2L1 | physical association | 0.97 |
| BCL2 | physical association | 0.95 |
| BCL2 | colocalization | 0.95 |
| BCL2L11 (BIM) | physical association | 0.94 |
| BCL2L11 | direct interaction | 0.94 |
| MCL1 | physical association | 0.91 |
| MCL1 | direct interaction | 0.91 |
| BCL2L2 (BCL-W) | physical association | 0.82 |
| BID | physical association | 0.82 |
| SNCA (α-synuclein) | physical association | 0.66 |
| MT-RNR2 (Humanin) | physical association | 0.59 |
| BCL2L10 | physical association | 0.56 |
| BCL2L12 | physical association | 0.55 |
| AKT1 | phosphorylation reaction | 0.44 |
| GSK3B | phosphorylation reaction | 0.44 |
| Gimap3 | direct interaction | 0.44 |
| Gimap4 | direct interaction | 0.44 |
| Gimap5 | direct interaction | 0.44 |
| Mfn1 | association | 0.42 |
| Mfn2 | association | 0.42 |
| PRKCE | physical association | 0.40 |
| KCNA3 | physical association | 0.40 |
| RTL10 | physical association | 0.40 |
| TOM40 | physical association | 0.40 |
BioGRID Interactions
Total Interaction Count: 270+
Key interactors identified via multiple methods:
- BCL2 (Reconstituted Complex, Affinity Capture-Western, Two-hybrid)
- BCL2L1 (Co-crystal Structure, Reconstituted Complex, Two-hybrid)
- MCL1 (Co-crystal Structure, Affinity Capture-Western)
- TP53 (Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex)
- BCL2L2 (Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex)
- VDAC1 (Reconstituted Complex, Co-purification)
- BCL2A1 (Two-hybrid)
- BAK1 (Affinity Capture-Western)
SIGNOR Signaling Interactions
Total: 53 signaling relationships
Upstream Regulators of BAX
| Regulator | Effect | Mechanism | Direct |
|---|
| TP53 | up-regulates | transcriptional regulation | Yes |
| TP53 | up-regulates activity | binding | Yes |
| BID | up-regulates | binding | Yes |
| BCL2L11 (BIM) | up-regulates activity | binding | Yes |
| BBC3 (PUMA) | up-regulates | binding/relocalization | Yes |
| MAPK8 (JNK1) | up-regulates | indirect | No |
| MAPK9 (JNK2) | up-regulates | indirect | No |
| MAPK10 (JNK3) | up-regulates | indirect | No |
| GSK3B | up-regulates | phosphorylation | Yes |
| PYCARD | up-regulates | relocalization | Yes |
| USP24 | up-regulates quantity | deubiquitination | Yes |
Inhibitors of BAX
| Regulator | Effect | Mechanism | Direct |
|---|
| BCL2 | down-regulates activity | binding | Yes |
| BCL2L1 (BCL-xL) | down-regulates | binding | Yes |
| BCL2L2 (BCL-W) | down-regulates | binding | Yes |
| MCL1 | down-regulates | binding | Yes |
| AKT1 | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation | Yes |
| PRKCZ | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation | Yes |
| PPM1D | down-regulates activity | dephosphorylation | Yes |
| PARK2 (Parkin) | down-regulates quantity | ubiquitination | Yes |
Downstream Targets of BAX
| Target | Effect | Mechanism |
|---|
| CYCS (Cytochrome c) | up-regulates | relocalization |
| DIABLO (SMAC) | up-regulates | relocalization |
| HTRA2 (Omi) | up-regulates | relocalization |
| VDAC1 | up-regulates activity | binding |
| Apoptosis | up-regulates | indirect |
Protein Similarity
ESM2 Structural/Embedding Similarity
Total Similar Proteins: 29
| UniProt ID | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity |
|---|
| P53563 (BAX - C. elegans) | 1.000 | 0.980 |
| Q1RMX3 | 1.000 | 0.975 |
| Q45T69 | 1.000 | 0.975 |
| Q64373 (BAX - Mouse) | 1.000 | 0.980 |
| O02703 | 0.9999 | 0.981 |
| Q07813 | 0.9999 | 0.981 |
| P70345 | 0.9999 | 0.976 |
| Q63690 (BAX - Rat) | 0.9999 | 0.981 |
| Q07816 (BCL2L1) | 0.9973 | 0.980 |
| P55957 (BID) | 0.9960 | 0.970 |
DIAMOND Sequence Similarity
Total Homologs: 22
| UniProt ID | Top Identity | BitScore |
|---|
| P53563 | 99.6% | 465 |
| Q64373 | 99.6% | 466 |
| Q07817 | 97.9% | 460 |
| O77737 | 97.9% | 459 |
| Q9JJV8 | 97.9% | 478 |
| Q6R755 | 97.9% | 478 |
| O02703 | 97.4% | 378 |
| Q07813 | 99.0% | 382 |
| Q63690 | 99.0% | 382 |
| P10417 | 96.6% | 473 |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
BAX is primarily a target gene regulated by transcription factors, not a transcription factor itself.
Upstream Transcriptional Regulators (CollecTRI)
Total: 73 TF-BAX regulatory relationships
Activators of BAX Transcription
| TF Gene | Confidence | Notes |
|---|
| TP53 | High | Major activator |
| TP63 | High | p63 family |
| TP73 | High | p73 family |
| E2F1 | - | Cell cycle regulator |
| E2F2 | - | Cell cycle regulator |
| FOXO1 | High | Forkhead family |
| HIF1A | High | Hypoxia response |
| NKX3-1 | High | Homeobox |
| SOX4 | High | SRY-box |
| POU4F2 | High | POU domain |
| ABL1 | - | Tyrosine kinase |
| ATM | - | DNA damage response |
| FOXA2 | - | Forkhead |
| ING1 | - | Tumor suppressor |
| ING4 | - | Tumor suppressor |
| MEOX2 | - | Mesenchyme |
| MYCN | - | MYC family |
| MYCT1 | - | |
| NR3C1 | - | Glucocorticoid receptor |
| NR4A3 | - | Nuclear receptor |
| PAX5 | - | Paired box |
| PML | - | Promyelocytic leukemia |
| WWTR1 | - | TAZ |
| YAP1 | - | Hippo pathway |
| ZNF331 | - | Zinc finger |
Repressors of BAX Transcription
| TF Gene | Confidence | Notes |
|---|
| NFKB1 | High | NF-κB pathway |
| NFKB/RELA | High | NF-κB pathway |
| GFI1 | High | Growth factor independent |
| ETS1 | High | ETS family |
| NR4A2 | High | Nuclear receptor |
| POU4F1 | High | POU domain |
| AATF | - | Anti-apoptotic |
| ELL | - | Elongation factor |
| MLLT10 | - | |
| MLLT3 | - | |
| PAX3 | - | Paired box |
| PER1 | - | Circadian |
| PPP1R13L | - | IASPP |
| SMAD2 | - | TGF-β pathway |
| SMAD3 | - | TGF-β pathway |
| SP3 | - | Sp family |
| TAF1 | - | TFIID subunit |
Other Regulators (Unknown/Context-dependent)
| TF Gene | Confidence |
|---|
| SP1 | High |
| STAT1 | High |
| RUNX2 | High |
| USF1 | High |
| CTCF | High |
| EGR1 | High |
| MYC | Low |
| STAT3 | - |
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
ChEMBL Target Information
| ChEMBL Target ID | Title | Type |
|---|
| CHEMBL5318 | Apoptosis regulator BAX | SINGLE PROTEIN |
| CHEMBL3883286 | Bcl-xL/BAX | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION |
| CHEMBL3885513 | Apoptosis regulator BAX/Bcl-2 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION |
| CHEMBL3885514 | Apoptosis regulator BAX/Bcl-2-related protein A1 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION |
| CHEMBL3885515 | Apoptosis regulator BAX/Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION |
Targeting Molecules
Total: 43 compounds targeting BAX (ChEMBL)
| ChEMBL Molecule ID | Name | Type | Development Phase |
|---|
| CHEMBL224318 | 4-phenoxyphenol | Small molecule | 0 (Preclinical) |
| CHEMBL343732 | - | Small molecule | 0 |
| CHEMBL3417395-CHEMBL3417410 | - | Small molecules | 0 |
| CHEMBL4438921 | - | Unknown | 0 |
| CHEMBL4578793 | - | Unknown | 0 |
| Various others | - | Various | 0 |
Note: No approved drugs directly targeting BAX are currently available. Research compounds target the BAX protein itself or BAX-containing protein-protein interactions.
PharmGKB Gene Information
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| PharmGKB ID | PA25269 |
| Symbol | BAX |
| VIP Gene | Yes |
| Has CPIC Guideline | No |
| Chromosome | chr19 |
Known Drug-Gene Interactions
BAX is classified as a Very Important Pharmacogene (VIP), indicating its role in drug response, particularly for:
- Chemotherapy response (apoptosis modulation)
- Cancer treatment outcomes
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Tissue Expression (Bgee)
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Expression Breadth | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 244 |
| Maximum Expression Score | 98.83 |
TOP 30 Tissues by Expression Score
| Tissue | Expression Score | Call Quality |
|---|
| Mucosa of transverse colon | 98.83 | Gold |
| Stromal cell of endometrium | 98.46 | Gold |
| Granulocyte | 98.36 | Gold |
| Monocyte | 97.84 | Gold |
| Gall bladder | 96.79 | Gold |
| Leukocyte | 96.78 | Gold |
| Mononuclear cell | 96.70 | Gold |
| Right lung | 96.44 | Gold |
| Small intestine Peyer's patch | 96.36 | Gold |
| Rectum | 96.33 | Gold |
| Upper lobe of left lung | 96.27 | Gold |
| Spleen | 96.05 | Gold |
| Transverse colon | 96.04 | Gold |
| Ascending aorta | 95.91 | Gold |
| Thoracic aorta | 95.88 | Gold |
| Right adrenal gland cortex | 95.48 | Gold |
| Ectocervix | 95.37 | Gold |
| Right coronary artery | 95.30 | Gold |
| Endocervix | 95.23 | Gold |
| Ventricular zone | 95.13 | Gold |
| Right adrenal gland | 95.02 | Gold |
| Descending thoracic aorta | 94.97 | Gold |
| Brodmann area 10 | 94.94 | Silver |
| Lower esophagus mucosa | 94.85 | Gold |
| Ganglionic eminence | 94.78 | Gold |
| Body of stomach | 94.72 | Gold |
| Left adrenal gland | 94.71 | Gold |
| Cortical plate | 94.71 | Gold |
| Left uterine tube | 94.67 | Gold |
| Right lobe of thyroid gland | 94.66 | Gold |
Cell Type Expression
| Cell Type | Expression Score | Call Quality |
|---|
| Stromal cell of endometrium | 98.46 | Gold |
| Granulocyte | 98.36 | Gold |
| Monocyte | 97.84 | Gold |
| Leukocyte | 96.78 | Gold |
| Mononuclear cell | 96.70 | Gold |
Single-Cell Expression Data
| Dataset ID | Description | Species | Cells |
|---|
| E-CURD-10 | Single-cell transcriptome profiling for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient-derived cells and xenografts | Homo sapiens | 118 |
| E-MTAB-6524 | Transcriptomic profile of human induced pluripotent stem cells at single cell resolution | Homo sapiens | 10,926 |
Section 12: Disease Associations
GenCC Disease-Gene Relationships
| GenCC ID | Disease | Classification | MOI | Submitter |
|---|
| GENCC_000101-HGNC_959-OMIM_613065 | Leukemia, acute lymphocytic, susceptibility to, 1 | Limited | Unknown | Ambry Genetics |
HPO Phenotype Associations
Total: 10 phenotype terms
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0000006 | Autosomal dominant inheritance |
| HP:0001442 | Typified by somatic mosaicism |
| HP:0002891 | Uterine leiomyosarcoma |
| HP:0003003 | Colon cancer |
| HP:0005584 | Renal cell carcinoma |
| HP:0006716 | Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma |
| HP:0006721 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| HP:0006740 | Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder |
| HP:0006753 | Neoplasm of the stomach |
| HP:0010982 | Polygenic inheritance |
GWAS Associations
Total: 9 GWAS associations
| Study ID | Trait | P-value |
|---|
| GCST90002381_427 | Eosinophil count | 3.0e-17 |
| GCST90002382_599 | Eosinophil percentage of white cells | 3.0e-12 |
| GCST90002388_43 | Lymphocyte count | 8.0e-12 |
| GCST004624_101 | Sum eosinophil basophil counts | 1.0e-11 |
| GCST004606_111 | Eosinophil count | 1.0e-10 |
| GCST90002400_617 | Plateletcrit | 7.0e-09 |
| GCST90002407_309 | White blood cell count | 6.0e-09 |
| GCST004623_88 | Neutrophil percentage of granulocytes | 3.0e-09 |
| GCST003831_37 | Asthma | 8.0e-06 |
Cancer Associations
BAX is a critical tumor suppressor gene involved in multiple cancer types:
| Cancer Type | HPO ID | Evidence |
|---|
| Colon cancer | HP:0003003 | Phenotype association |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | HP:0006721 | GenCC, Phenotype |
| Renal cell carcinoma | HP:0005584 | Phenotype association |
| Uterine leiomyosarcoma | HP:0002891 | Phenotype association |
| Transitional cell carcinoma (bladder) | HP:0006740 | Phenotype association |
| Gastric neoplasm | HP:0006753 | Phenotype association |
| HNPCC | HP:0006716 | Phenotype association |
SUMMARY STATISTICS
| Category | Count |
|---|
| Ensembl Transcripts | 13 |
| RefSeq Transcripts (Human) | 9 |
| CCDS IDs | 5 |
| UniProt Entries | 1 (reviewed) |
| InterPro Domains | 7 |
| PDB Structures | 37 |
| AlphaFold Models | 1 |
| Orthologs | 6 |
| ClinVar Variants | 53 |
| SpliceAI Predictions | 837+ |
| AlphaMissense Predictions | 1,250+ |
| Reactome Pathways | 7 |
| GO Terms | 110 |
| IntAct Interactions | 268+ |
| BioGRID Interactions | 270+ |
| SIGNOR Relations | 53 |
| TF Regulators | 73 |
| ChEMBL Compounds | 43 |
| Bgee Tissue Calls | 244 |
| GWAS Associations | 9 |
| HPO Phenotypes | 10 |
Reference compiled from: HGNC, Ensembl, NCBI, UniProt, PDB, AlphaFold, ClinVar, SpliceAI, AlphaMissense, Reactome, Gene Ontology, IntAct, BioGRID, SIGNOR, CollecTRI, ChEMBL, PharmGKB, Bgee, Single
Cell Expression Atlas, GenCC, HPO, and GWAS Catalog databases.
I have compiled a comprehensive cross-database identifier and functional mapping reference for human BAX (BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator).
Key highlights:
- 37 PDB structures available (mostly X-ray crystallography)
- 1,250+ AlphaMissense pathogenic predictions with many high-confidence variants
- 837+ SpliceAI splice-altering predictions
- 268+ protein-protein interactions in IntAct, with highest-confidence interactions with BCL2, BCL2L1, MCL1, and BIM
- 73 transcription factors regulate BAX expression, with TP53 as a major activator and NF-κB as a key repressor
- Ubiquitous expression across tissues (244 tissue calls in Bgee)
- Strong GWAS associations with blood cell counts (eosinophils, lymphocytes, white blood cells)
- Key role in apoptosis, cancer susceptibility, and chemotherapy response