Section 1: Gene Identifiers
| Database | Identifier | Description |
|---|
| HGNC | HGNC:6973 | Approved symbol: MDM2 |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000135679 | MDM2 proto-oncogene |
| NCBI Entrez Gene | 4193 | MDM2 proto-oncogene |
| OMIM | 164785 | Gene/locus entry |
| PharmGKB Gene | PA30718 | VIP gene status: true |
Genomic Location
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Chromosome | 12 |
| Cytogenetic Band | 12q15 |
| Start Position | 68,808,171 |
| End Position | 68,850,685 |
| Strand | + (forward) |
| Genomic Accession | NC_000012.12 |
| Gene Span | ~42.5 kb |
Gene Nomenclature
| Category | Names |
|---|
| Approved Name | MDM2 proto-oncogene |
| Previous Names | Mouse double minute 2; Mdm2 p53 binding protein homolog; MDM2 proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase |
| Aliases | HDM2, MGC5370, ACTFS, HDMX, LSKB, hdm2 |
| Gene Groups | Ring finger proteins; Zinc fingers RANBP2-type |
| Locus Type | Protein-coding gene |
Section 2: Transcript Identifiers
Ensembl Transcripts
Total transcript count: 40
| Transcript ID | Biotype | Start | End | Notes |
|---|
| ENST00000258149 | protein_coding | 68,808,177 | 68,845,544 | Canonical |
| ENST00000258148 | protein_coding | 68,808,464 | 68,839,867 | |
| ENST00000299252 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000311420 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,808,273 | 68,839,867 | |
| ENST00000348801 | protein_coding | 68,809,226 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000350057 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000360430 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000393410 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000393412 | protein_coding | 68,808,191 | 68,840,216 | |
| ENST00000393413 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000393415 | protein_coding | 68,809,017 | 68,839,282 | |
| ENST00000393416 | protein_coding | 68,809,024 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000393417 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,808,383 | 68,839,856 | |
| ENST00000400501 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 68,843,689 | 68,844,195 | |
| ENST00000471946 | retained_intron | 68,813,602 | 68,820,414 | |
| ENST00000478070 | protein_coding | 68,809,226 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000481186 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,211 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000493419 | retained_intron | 68,808,282 | 68,817,018 | |
| ENST00000496959 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000517852 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000523991 | protein_coding | 68,809,017 | 68,839,314 | |
| ENST00000536089 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000537182 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000539479 | protein_coding | 68,809,002 | 68,840,807 | |
| ENST00000540352 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000540709 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 68,842,441 | 68,844,181 | |
| ENST00000542502 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000543046 | retained_intron | 68,824,203 | 68,824,758 | |
| ENST00000543323 | protein_coding | 68,809,017 | 68,839,314 | |
| ENST00000544125 | protein_coding_CDS_not_defined | 68,843,066 | 68,844,190 | |
| ENST00000544561 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000545204 | protein_coding | 68,809,212 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000546048 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,849 | |
| ENST00000665020 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000666617 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000671567 | nonsense_mediated_decay | 68,809,212 | 68,839,961 | |
| ENST00000890006 | protein_coding | 68,808,177 | 68,840,490 | |
| ENST00000890007 | protein_coding | 68,808,201 | 68,840,271 | |
| ENST00000951805 | protein_coding | 68,808,175 | 68,843,376 | |
| ENST00000951806 | protein_coding | 68,808,405 | 68,840,540 | |
RefSeq Transcripts (Human)
Total: 10 human mRNA transcripts
| RefSeq ID | Status | MANE Select | Chromosome |
|---|
| NM_002392 | REVIEWED | ✓ YES | 12 |
| NM_001145337 | REVIEWED | No | 12 |
| NM_001145339 | REVIEWED | No | 12 |
| NM_001145340 | REVIEWED | No | 12 |
| NM_001278462 | REVIEWED | No | 12 |
| NM_001367990 | REVIEWED | No | 12 |
RefSeq Proteins (Human)
| RefSeq Protein | Status | MANE Select |
|---|
| NP_002383 | REVIEWED | ✓ YES |
| NP_001138809 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001138811 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001138812 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001265391 | REVIEWED | No |
| NP_001354919 | REVIEWED | No |
CCDS IDs
| CCDS ID |
|---|
| CCDS8986 |
| CCDS61189 |
| CCDS91724 |
Canonical Transcript Exons (ENST00000258149)
Total Exon Count: 11
| Exon ID | Start | End | Length (bp) |
|---|
| ENSE00001919656 | 68,808,177 | 68,808,491 | 315 |
| ENSE00003500719 | 68,809,208 | 68,809,292 | 85 |
| ENSE00003469551 | 68,813,554 | 68,813,628 | 75 |
| ENSE00003527919 | 68,816,812 | 68,816,945 | 134 |
| ENSE00003684852 | 68,820,325 | 68,820,374 | 50 |
| ENSE00003683366 | 68,824,363 | 68,824,430 | 68 |
| ENSE00003674928 | 68,824,555 | 68,824,651 | 97 |
| ENSE00003597511 | 68,828,771 | 68,828,931 | 161 |
| ENSE00003645279 | 68,835,829 | 68,835,984 | 156 |
| ENSE00003476000 | 68,836,672 | 68,836,749 | 78 |
| ENSE00002215052 | 68,839,274 | 68,845,544 | 6,271 |
Section 3: Protein Identifiers
UniProt Accessions
| UniProt ID | Status | Protein Name | Length | Mass |
|---|
| Q00987 | Reviewed (Swiss-Prot) | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 | 491 aa | 55,233 Da |
Alternative Names
- Double minute 2 protein
- Oncoprotein Mdm2
- RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase Mdm2
- p53-binding protein Mdm2
Protein Domains and Families (InterPro)
Total: 9 entries
| InterPro ID | Name | Type |
|---|
| IPR001841 | Znf_RING | Domain |
| IPR001876 | Znf_RanBP2 | Domain |
| IPR003121 | SWIB_MDM2_domain | Domain |
| IPR013083 | Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR016495 | p53_neg-reg_MDM_2/4 | Family |
| IPR028340 | Mdm2 | Family |
| IPR036443 | Znf_RanBP2_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR036885 | SWIB_MDM2_dom_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR044080 | MDM2_mRING-HC-C2H2C4 | Domain |
Pfam Domains
| Pfam ID | Description |
|---|
| PF00641 | RING finger domain |
| PF02201 | SWIB/MDM2 domain |
| PF13920 | Zinc finger, RanBP2-type |
Section 4: Structure Identifiers
Experimental Structures (PDB)
Total PDB structure count: 147+
Representative Structures (TOP 50)
| PDB ID | Method | Resolution (Å) | Description |
|---|
| 1YCR | X-RAY | 2.6 | MDM2 bound to p53 transactivation domain |
| 1T4F | X-RAY | 1.9 | MDM2 with optimized p53 peptide |
| 1RV1 | X-RAY | 2.3 | MDM2 with imidazoline inhibitor |
| 1T4E | X-RAY | 2.6 | MDM2 with benzodiazepine inhibitor |
| 1Z1M | NMR | - | Unliganded MDM2 structure |
| 2AXI | X-RAY | 1.4 | HDM2 with beta-hairpin inhibitor |
| 2C6A | NMR | - | C4 zinc-finger domain of HDM2 |
| 2HDP | NMR | - | Hdm2 RING finger domain |
| 2VJE | X-RAY | 2.2 | MDM2-MDMX RING domain heterodimer |
| 3EQS | X-RAY | 1.65 | MDM2 with 12-mer peptide inhibitor |
| 3G03 | X-RAY | 1.8 | MDM2 with high affinity peptide |
| 3IUX | X-RAY | 1.65 | MDM2 with miniature protein inhibitor |
| 4HG7 | X-RAY | 1.6 | MDM2 with Nutlin-3a |
| 4WT2 | X-RAY | 1.42 | MDM2 with AM-7209 inhibitor |
| 5C5A | X-RAY | 1.15 | HDM2 with Nutlin-3a (high resolution) |
| 5OC8 | X-RAY | 1.56 | HDM2 with NVP-HDM201 |
| 5TRF | X-RAY | 2.1 | MDM2 with SAR405838 |
| 5MNJ | X-RAY | 2.16 | MDM2-MDMX-UbcH5B-ubiquitin complex |
| 5ZXF | X-RAY | 1.25 | His6-tagged Mdm2 with nutlin-3a |
| 6SQO | X-RAY | 1.41 | MDM2 RING domain homodimer |
| 6GGN | X-RAY | 2.0 | MDM2 with potent p53-MDM2 inhibitor |
| 6Q9L | X-RAY | 1.13 | HDM2 with compound 9 (ultrahigh res) |
| 6Q9O | X-RAY | 1.21 | HDM2 with compound 10 |
| 7QDQ | X-RAY | 1.26 | HDM2 with Caylin-1 |
| 8PWC | X-RAY | 1.46 | MDM2 with Brigimadlin |
| 8BGU | CRYO-EM | 4.1 | Human MDM2-5S RNP complex |
| 8F10 | X-RAY | 1.28 | MDM2 with all-D Helicon Polypeptide |
Predicted Structures (AlphaFold)
| Model ID | Global pLDDT | Sequence Length | Fraction Very High Confidence |
|---|
| AF-Q00987-F1 | 63.24 | 3,859 | 0.30 (30%) |
Section 5: Cross-Species Orthologs
| Species | Ensembl Gene ID | Gene Symbol | Genome |
|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | ENSMUSG00000020184 | Mdm2 | mus_musculus |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | ENSRNOG00000006304 | Mdm2 | rattus_norvegicus |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | ENSDARG00000033443 | mdm2 | danio_rerio |
| Fruit fly (Drosophila) | No direct ortholog | - | - |
| Worm (C. elegans) | No direct ortholog | - | - |
| Yeast (S. cerevisiae) | No ortholog | - | - |
Entrez Orthologs (Model Organisms)
| Species | Entrez ID |
|---|
| Mouse | 17246 |
| Rat | 314856 |
| Zebrafish | 30637 |
Section 6: Clinical Variants & AI Predictions
ClinVar Variant Summary
Total ClinVar entries: 171
| Classification | Count |
|---|
| Pathogenic | 0 |
| Likely Pathogenic | 1 |
| Uncertain Significance (VUS) | ~85 |
| Likely Benign | ~55 |
| Benign | ~10 |
| Conflicting Classifications | 2 |
| Not Provided | ~18 |
Likely Pathogenic/Pathogenic Variant
| Variant ID | HGVS Notation | Classification |
|---|
| 694663 | NM_002392.6(MDM2):c.1492T>C (p.Ter498Gln) | Likely pathogenic |
TOP 30 Uncertain Significance Variants
| ClinVar ID | HGVS Notation | Review Status |
|---|
| 1000905 | c.583A>G (p.Ile195Val) | Single submitter |
| 1019954 | c.1232A>G (p.Tyr411Cys) | Multiple submitters |
| 1025823 | c.560G>C (p.Arg187Thr) | Single submitter |
| 1046432 | c.350A>G (p.Asn117Ser) | Multiple submitters |
| 1058916 | c.1121A>G (p.Asn374Ser) | Multiple submitters |
| 1368535 | c.1242A>C (p.Gln414His) | Single submitter |
| 1371263 | c.698_700del (p.Gly233del) | Single submitter |
| 1378191 | c.1002T>A (p.Asn334Lys) | Single submitter |
| 1384380 | c.185A>T (p.Tyr62Phe) | Single submitter |
| 1386125 | c.523+5A>G | Multiple submitters |
| 1389831 | c.971A>T (p.His324Leu) | Single submitter |
| 1407040 | c.154G>C (p.Asp52His) | Single submitter |
| 1407903 | c.1039A>G (p.Ile347Val) | Single submitter |
| 1416821 | c.226A>C (p.Lys76Gln) | Single submitter |
| 1431908 | c.365C>T (p.Ser122Leu) | Multiple submitters |
| 1437659 | c.948A>C (p.Glu316Asp) | Single submitter |
| 1437694 | c.1219A>G (p.Ser407Gly) | Single submitter |
| 1448253 | c.1289A>T (p.Glu430Val) | Single submitter |
| 1466586 | c.913T>G (p.Leu305Val) | Single submitter |
| 1471228 | c.886T>G (p.Ser296Ala) | Single submitter |
| 1482898 | c.536A>G (p.Asp179Gly) | Single submitter |
| 1501438 | c.212G>A (p.Arg71Gln) | Single submitter |
| 1504296 | c.818A>C (p.Glu273Ala) | Multiple submitters |
| 1507206 | c.1237A>G (p.Ser413Gly) | Single submitter |
| 1930017 | c.589C>T (p.Leu197Phe) | Single submitter |
| 1934140 | c.1114A>G (p.Ile372Val) | Single submitter |
| 1938361 | c.398G>A (p.Cys133Tyr) | Single submitter |
| 2015499 | c.1030A>G (p.Lys344Glu) | Single submitter |
| 2067239 | c.643A>G (p.Arg215Gly) | Single submitter |
| 2123088 | c.305A>G (p.His102Arg) | Single submitter |
SpliceAI Predictions
Total SpliceAI entries: 2,366
TOP 50 Predicted Splice-Altering Variants
| Variant | Effect | Delta Score |
|---|
| 12:68808436:G:T | donor_gain | 0.99 |
| 12:68808488:GCAGG:G | donor_loss | 0.98 |
| 12:68808489:CAGG:C | donor_loss | 0.98 |
| 12:68808490:AG:A | donor_loss | 0.98 |
| 12:68808492:G:A | donor_loss | 0.98 |
| 12:68808436:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.98 |
| 12:68808488:GCAG:G | donor_gain | 0.96 |
| 12:68808342:G:GG | donor_gain | 0.94 |
| 12:68808373:A:T | donor_gain | 0.93 |
| 12:68808429:A:T | donor_gain | 0.93 |
| 12:68808428:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.91 |
| 12:68808341:A:AG | donor_gain | 0.89 |
| 12:68808489:C:T | donor_gain | 0.86 |
| 12:68808494:A:C | donor_loss | 0.84 |
| 12:68808476:GGATG:G | donor_gain | 0.84 |
| 12:68808477:GATG:G | donor_gain | 0.81 |
| 12:68808477:GATGG:G | donor_gain | 0.84 |
| 12:68808486:GAGCA:G | donor_loss | 0.80 |
| 12:68808399:G:GT | donor_gain | 0.77 |
| 12:68808526:C:A | donor_gain | 0.69 |
| 12:68808478:ATG:A | donor_loss | 0.69 |
| 12:68808479:TGG:T | donor_loss | 0.69 |
| 12:68808480:GG:G | donor_loss | 0.69 |
| 12:68808481:GT:G | donor_loss | 0.69 |
| 12:68808482:TGA:T | donor_loss | 0.69 |
AlphaMissense Predictions
Total AlphaMissense entries: 3,251
TOP 50 Predicted Pathogenic Missense Variants
| Variant | Protein Change | AM Score | Classification |
|---|
| 12:68809215:T:C | C2R | 0.795 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809217:C:G | C2W | 0.805 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809229:G:A | M6I | 0.720 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809229:G:C | M6I | 0.720 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809229:G:T | M6I | 0.720 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809215:T:A | C2S | 0.700 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809216:G:C | C2S | 0.700 | likely_pathogenic |
| 12:68809216:G:A | C2Y | 0.611 | likely_pathogenic |
AlphaMissense Distribution Summary
| Classification | Approximate Count |
|---|
| Likely Pathogenic | ~100-200 |
| Ambiguous | ~300-500 |
| Likely Benign | ~2,500+ |
Section 7: Biological Pathways & Gene Ontology
Reactome Pathways
Total pathway count: 16
| Pathway ID | Name | Disease Pathway |
|---|
| R-HSA-69541 | Stabilization of p53 | No |
| R-HSA-6804756 | Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation | No |
| R-HSA-6804757 | Regulation of TP53 Degradation | No |
| R-HSA-6804760 | Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation | No |
| R-HSA-198323 | AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol | No |
| R-HSA-2559580 | Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence | No |
| R-HSA-2559585 | Oncogene Induced Senescence | No |
| R-HSA-3232118 | SUMOylation of transcription factors | No |
| R-HSA-3232142 | SUMOylation of ubiquitinylation proteins | No |
| R-HSA-399719 | Trafficking of AMPA receptors | No |
| R-HSA-5674400 | Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer | Yes |
| R-HSA-5689880 | Ub-specific processing proteases | No |
| R-HSA-8941858 | Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity | No |
| R-HSA-9725370 | Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants | Yes |
| R-HSA-9766229 | Degradation of CDH1 | No |
| R-HSA-9768919 | NPAS4 regulates expression of target genes | No |
Gene Ontology Annotations
Total GO annotations: 96
Biological Process (58 terms - TOP 20)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| GO:0000209 | protein polyubiquitination |
| GO:0006511 | ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
| GO:0006915 | apoptotic process |
| GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
| GO:0016567 | protein ubiquitination |
| GO:0016925 | protein sumoylation |
| GO:0030330 | DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator |
| GO:0031648 | protein destabilization |
| GO:0032436 | positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
| GO:0043066 | negative regulation of apoptotic process |
| GO:0043161 | proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
| GO:0043518 | negative regulation of DNA damage response by p53 class mediator |
| GO:0045892 | negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
| GO:0045931 | positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
| GO:0046827 | positive regulation of protein export from nucleus |
| GO:0051726 | regulation of cell cycle |
| GO:0051865 | protein autoubiquitination |
| GO:0071456 | cellular response to hypoxia |
| GO:1901797 | negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator |
Molecular Function (18 terms - ALL)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0002039 | p53 binding |
| GO:0004842 | ubiquitin-protein transferase activity |
| GO:0008097 | 5S rRNA binding |
| GO:0008270 | zinc ion binding |
| GO:0016874 | ligase activity |
| GO:0019789 | SUMO transferase activity |
| GO:0019899 | enzyme binding |
| GO:0019904 | protein domain specific binding |
| GO:0031625 | ubiquitin protein ligase binding |
| GO:0033612 | receptor serine/threonine kinase binding |
| GO:0042802 | identical protein binding |
| GO:0042975 | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding |
| GO:0043021 | ribonucleoprotein complex binding |
| GO:0043130 | ubiquitin binding |
| GO:0061630 | ubiquitin protein ligase activity |
| GO:0061663 | NEDD8 ligase activity |
| GO:0097718 | disordered domain specific binding |
Cellular Component (20 terms - ALL)
| GO ID | Term |
|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm |
| GO:0005730 | nucleolus |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| GO:0014069 | postsynaptic density |
| GO:0017053 | transcription repressor complex |
| GO:0030666 | endocytic vesicle membrane |
| GO:0032991 | protein-containing complex |
| GO:0034451 | centriolar satellite |
| GO:0097225 | sperm midpiece |
| GO:0097228 | sperm principal piece |
| GO:0097229 | sperm end piece |
| GO:0098978 | glutamatergic synapse |
Section 8: Protein Interactions & Molecular Networks
STRING Interactions
Total STRING interactions: 6,454
TOP 50 Highest-Confidence Interacting Proteins
| Interactor UniProt | Gene Symbol | Confidence Score |
|---|
| P04637 | TP53 | 999 |
| P42771 | CDKN2A | 999 |
| Q00987 | MDM2 (self) | 999 |
| P25121 | RELT | 997 |
| Q9BT92 | TCHP | 997 |
| P46777 | RPL5 | 996 |
| Q93009 | USP7 | 995 |
| Q09472 | EP300 | 994 |
| Q9Y6R0 | NUMBL | 992 |
| P49757 | NUMB | 990 |
| O15151 | MDM4 | 986 |
| O43524 | FOXO3 | 983 |
| Q01094 | E2F1 | 981 |
| P10275 | AR | 980 |
| P31749 | AKT1 | 980 |
| P61254 | RPL26 | 971 |
| O75832 | PDE10A | 965 |
| Q13315 | ATM | 955 |
| P10415 | BCL2 | 953 |
| Q9NRM7 | UHRF2 | 953 |
| Q9UER7 | DAXX | 953 |
| P23396 | RPS3 | 941 |
| P49407 | ARRB1 | 935 |
| Q16665 | HIF1A | 929 |
| P06400 | RB1 | 925 |
| Q9BVP2 | GNL3 | 924 |
| P24385 | CCND1 | 898 |
| P11174 | ALPI | 896 |
| P32121 | ARRB2 | 890 |
| Q15910 | EZH2 | 885 |
| P11802 | CDK4 | 884 |
| P06748 | NPM1 | 880 |
| Q96DY7 | SUSD4 | 880 |
| O95155 | UBE2E3 | 879 |
| P38936 | CDKN1A (p21) | 873 |
| O15350 | TP73 | 868 |
| P55211 | CASP9 | 864 |
| Q13547 | HDAC1 | 864 |
| P48729 | CSNK1A1 | 847 |
| O96017 | CHEK2 | 838 |
| P60484 | PTEN | 838 |
| P42677 | RPS27 | 821 |
| P35222 | CTNNB1 | 818 |
| Q96PM5 | CXXC4 | 815 |
| Q99728 | BARD1 | 812 |
| P02403 | RPL4 | 811 |
| P07900 | HSP90AA1 | 810 |
| P42574 | CASP3 | 803 |
| P31947 | SFN | 800 |
| P24522 | GAST | 797 |
BioGRID Interactions
Total BioGRID interactions: 2,701
TOP Experimental Interactions by Evidence Type
| Interactor | Experimental System |
|---|
| TP53 | Reconstituted Complex, Two-hybrid, Biochemical Activity, Affinity Capture-Western |
| MDM2 (self) | Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex, Co-localization, Biochemical Activity |
| MDM4 | Reconstituted Complex, Affinity Capture-Western |
| UBE2D1 | Reconstituted Complex |
| UBE2D2 | Reconstituted Complex |
| RCHY1 | Reconstituted Complex |
| PML | Affinity Capture-Western |
| RPL23 | Affinity Capture-Western |
| RPL26 | Affinity Capture-Western |
| RPS6 | Affinity Capture-Western |
| RPS7 | Affinity Capture-Western |
| NCL | Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex |
| ARIH2 | Affinity Capture-Western |
| AATF | Affinity Capture-Western |
| WWOX | Affinity Capture-Western |
| HIF1A | Affinity Capture-Western |
| RELA | Reconstituted Complex, Affinity Capture-Western |
| FOXO1 | Biochemical Activity |
| AR | Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex |
| ARRB1 | Two-hybrid |
| ARRB2 | Two-hybrid |
| SMARCA2 | Reconstituted Complex |
| RAD54B | Affinity Capture-Western |
| UBE2I | Protein-peptide |
| UBE2M | Reconstituted Complex |
Protein Similarity
ESM2 Structural/Embedding Similarity
Total similar proteins: 33
| UniProt ID | Top Similarity | Avg Similarity | Protein |
|---|
| O15151 | 0.9987 | 0.9816 | MDM4 (MDMX) |
| O35618 | 0.9995 | 0.9817 | Mouse Mdm2 |
| P56950 | 0.9997 | 0.9857 | Chimpanzee MDM2 |
| P56951 | 0.9997 | 0.9854 | Gorilla MDM2 |
| Q5FWP4 | 0.9997 | 0.9827 | Orangutan MDM2 |
| Q7YRZ8 | 0.9997 | 0.9857 | Macaque MDM2 |
| Q6P256 | 0.9997 | 0.9823 | Bonobo MDM2 |
| Q5XIN1 | 0.9995 | 0.9829 | Rhesus MDM2 |
| Q80XJ2 | 0.9993 | 0.9879 | Mouse Mdm2 |
| Q80Z37 | 0.9992 | 0.9817 | Mouse Mdm4 |
| Q9NS56 | 0.9992 | 0.9815 | MDM4 isoform |
| P23804 | 0.9989 | 0.9861 | Dog MDM2 |
DIAMOND Sequence Similarity (TOP 15)
| UniProt ID | Top Identity % | Bitscore | Protein |
|---|
| Q5XIN1 | 94.9% | 926 | Rhesus MDM2 |
| O35618 | 94.9% | 923 | Mouse Mdm2 |
| P56950 | 95.1% | 908 | Chimpanzee MDM2 |
| P56951 | 94.5% | 904 | Gorilla MDM2 |
| Q7YRZ8 | 95.1% | 905 | Macaque MDM2 |
| Q00987 | 94.5% | 900 | Human MDM2 (self) |
| O15151 | 90.0% | 872 | Human MDM4 |
| Q2HJ21 | 90.0% | 872 | Bovine MDM2 |
| Q60524 | 82.6% | 734 | Mouse Mdm4 |
| P23804 | 78.2% | 715 | Dog MDM2 |
Section 9: Transcription Factor Regulatory Data
Upstream Regulators (TFs that regulate MDM2)
Total CollecTRI entries: 80
TOP 50 Transcriptional Regulators of MDM2
| TF Gene | Regulation Type | Confidence |
|---|
| TP53 | Activation | High |
| SP1 | Activation | High |
| JUN | Activation | High |
| NFKB | Activation | High |
| ETS2 | Activation | High |
| ELF4 | Activation | High |
| NFATC2 | Activation | High |
| AHR | Activation | High |
| CREB1 | Unknown | High |
| ESR1 | Unknown | High |
| SMAD3 | Unknown | High |
| TP73 | Unknown | High |
| MYCN | Unknown | High |
| HIF1A | Unknown | High |
| NFE2L2 | Unknown | High |
| NKX3-1 | Unknown | High |
| VDR | Unknown | High |
| NR2F2 | Unknown | High |
| HR | Unknown | High |
| PAX1 | Unknown | High |
| IRF8 | Unknown | High |
| E2F1 | Repression | High |
| ETS1 | Repression | High |
| STAT1 | Repression | High |
| TFAP4 | Repression | High |
| FEZF2 | Repression | High |
| NR4A1 | Repression | High |
| AR | Unknown | High |
| BCL11B | Unknown | High |
| FOS | Activation | Low |
| MYC | Activation | Low |
| E2F2 | Repression | - |
| WT1 | Repression | - |
| CDKN2AIP | Repression | - |
| ELL | Repression | - |
| FUS | Repression | - |
| NACC2 | Repression | - |
| NKX6-3 | Repression | - |
| MLLT10 | Repression | - |
| MLLT3 | Repression | - |
| TAF1 | Repression | Low |
| ZKSCAN4 | Repression | - |
| BCL3 | Activation | - |
| BRCA1 | Activation | - |
| FOSL2 | Activation | - |
| JUND | Activation | - |
| NFKB1 | Activation | - |
| NR2F1 | Activation | - |
| SKI | Activation | - |
| SRSF2 | Activation | - |
MDM2 as Regulator (Downstream Targets)
MDM2 regulates:
| Target Gene | Regulation | Evidence |
|---|
| DNMT3A | Activation | CollecTRI |
| PIK3R1 | Unknown | CollecTRI |
SIGNOR Regulatory Network (MDM2 Substrates)
MDM2 ubiquitinates/regulates 27+ proteins:
| Target | Effect | Mechanism |
|---|
| TP53 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| MDM4 | down-regulates | ubiquitination |
| HIF1A | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| RB1 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| CDKN1A | down-regulates (destabilization/repression) | binding |
| TP73 | down-regulates activity | binding |
| RUNX3 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| IGF1R | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| DYRK2 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| KAT5 | down-regulates (destabilization) | polyubiquitination |
| FOXO4 | down-regulates activity | ubiquitination |
| PPARG | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| APEX1 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| IRF1 | down-regulates | ubiquitination |
| SIRT6 | down-regulates | ubiquitination |
| PER2 | down-regulates (destabilization) | polyubiquitination |
| NOTCH1 | up-regulates | ubiquitination |
| NOTCH4 | down-regulates | ubiquitination |
SIGNOR Regulatory Network (MDM2 Regulators)
MDM2 is regulated by 30+ kinases/proteins:
| Regulator | Effect on MDM2 | Mechanism |
|---|
| AKT1/AKT2 | up-regulates (stabilization/activity) | phosphorylation |
| ATM | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation |
| ATR | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation |
| ABL1 | down-regulates | phosphorylation |
| BTK | down-regulates activity | phosphorylation |
| CSNK1D | down-regulates | phosphorylation |
| PIM1 | up-regulates (stabilization) | phosphorylation |
| PLK1 | up-regulates | phosphorylation |
| PAK6 | up-regulates activity | phosphorylation |
| MAPKAPK2 | up-regulates (stabilization) | phosphorylation |
| DAPK3 | up-regulates (stabilization) | phosphorylation |
| USP7 | up-regulates | deubiquitination |
| PPM1D | up-regulates / down-regulates | dephosphorylation |
| PPP1CA/CB/CC | up-regulates (stabilization) | dephosphorylation |
| PPP2CA/CB | up-regulates activity | dephosphorylation |
| MDM4 | up-regulates (stabilization) | binding |
| CDKN2A | down-regulates activity | relocalization |
| TRIM13 | down-regulates (destabilization) | polyubiquitination |
| TRIM28 | up-regulates activity | binding |
| NUMB | down-regulates | binding |
| DAXX | up-regulates | binding |
| ARRB2 | up-regulates (stabilization) | binding |
| FBXO22 | down-regulates (destabilization) | ubiquitination |
| FBXO31 | down-regulates (destabilization) | binding |
| PYHIN1 | down-regulates (destabilization) | binding |
Section 10: Drug & Pharmacology Data
ChEMBL Target Information
Primary Target ID: CHEMBL5023 (Single Protein)
Protein-Protein Interaction Target: CHEMBL1907611 (p53-MDM2)
ChEMBL Target Types for MDM2
| Target ID | Target Type | Description |
|---|
| CHEMBL5023 | SINGLE PROTEIN | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL1907611 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | Tumour suppressor p53/oncoprotein Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL3883306 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | MDM2/MDMX-p53 |
| CHEMBL4106123 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | MDM2-MDMX |
| CHEMBL4523702 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | Protein cereblon/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL4523718 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2/CDK6 |
| CHEMBL4523719 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | BRD4/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL4523720 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | GSPT1/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL5291692 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | von Hippel-Lindau/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 |
| CHEMBL5465251 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | MDM2-HDAC3 |
| CHEMBL5465382 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | MDM2-HDAC1 |
| CHEMBL5465383 | PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION | MDM2-HDAC2 |
| CHEMBL3038493 | PROTEIN COMPLEX | Casein kinase I/MDM2 |
TOP MDM2 Inhibitors by Development Phase
| ChEMBL ID | Drug Name | Type | Phase | Mechanism |
|---|
| CHEMBL572 | NITROFURANTOIN | Small molecule | 4 (Approved) | MDM2 inhibitor |
| CHEMBL2402737 | IDASANUTLIN | Small molecule | 3 | p53-MDM2 inhibitor |
| CHEMBL3125702 | NAVTEMADLIN (AMG-232) | Small molecule | 3 | p53-MDM2 inhibitor |
| CHEMBL4292264 | MILADEMETAN (DS-3032) | Small molecule | 3 | p53-MDM2 inhibitor |
| CHEMBL120563 | THIRAM | Small molecule | 2 | - |
Detailed Drug Information
IDASANUTLIN (RG7388, RO5503781)
- ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2402737
- Highest Development Phase: 3
- Type: Small molecule
- Clinical Trials: 17
Indications Studied:
| Indication | Phase |
|---|
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 3 |
| Neoplasm | Phase 2 |
| Polycythemia Vera | Phase 2 |
| Lymphoma | Phase 1 |
| Glioma | Phase 1 |
| Multiple Myeloma | Phase 1 |
| Breast Cancer | Phase 1 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Phase 1 |
NAVTEMADLIN (AMG-232, KRT-232)
- ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL3125702
- Highest Development Phase: 3
- Type: Small molecule
- Clinical Trials: 20
Indications Studied:
| Indication | Phase |
|---|
| Liposarcoma | Phase 3 |
| Polycythemia Vera | Phase 2 |
| Primary Myelofibrosis | Phase 2 |
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | Phase 2 |
| TP53 Wild-type Solid Tumors | Phase 2 |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 1 |
| Glioblastoma | Phase 1 |
| Melanoma | Phase 1 |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes | Phase 1 |
MILADEMETAN (DS-3032, RAIN-32)
- ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL4292264
- Highest Development Phase: 3
- Type: Small molecule
- Clinical Trials: 10
Indications Studied:
| Indication | Phase |
|---|
| Liposarcoma | Phase 3 |
| Sarcoma | Phase 2 |
| Melanoma | Phase 2 |
| Ovarian Cancer | Phase 2 |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Phase 2 |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 1 |
| Solid Tumors | Phase 1 |
Clinical Trials for IDASANUTLIN (TOP 15)
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status |
|---|
| NCT02545283 | Idasanutlin + Cytarabine vs Placebo in R/R AML | Phase 3 | Terminated |
| NCT02624986 | Idasanutlin + Obinutuzumab in R/R FL and DLBCL | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT02633059 | Idasanutlin + Ixazomib + Dexamethasone in R/R MM | Phase 1/2 | Completed |
| NCT03135262 | Obinutuzumab + Idasanutlin + Venetoclax in R/R FL | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT03158389 | NCT Neuro Master Match - N²M² (NOA-20) | Phase 1/2 | Completed |
| NCT03287245 | Idasanutlin Monotherapy in Polycythemia Vera | Phase 2 | Terminated |
| NCT03555149 | Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic CRC | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT03566485 | Atezolizumab + Cobimetinib/Idasanutlin in ER+ Breast | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT03850535 | Idasanutlin + Cytarabine + Daunorubicin in New AML | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT04029688 | Idasanutlin + Chemo/Venetoclax in Pediatric Leukemias | Phase 1/2 | Terminated |
| NCT01462175 | First-In-Human Study of RO5503781 | Phase 1 | Completed |
| NCT01901172 | DDI and Bioavailability Study of RO5503781 | Phase 1 | Completed |
| NCT02407080 | Single Agent RG7388 in PV and ET | Phase 1 | Completed |
| NCT02670044 | Venetoclax + Cobimetinib/Idasanutlin in R/R AML | Phase 1 | Completed |
| NCT02828930 | ADME Study of [14C]-Idasanutlin | Phase 1 | Completed |
Pharmacogenomics (PharmGKB)
- PharmGKB Gene ID: PA30718
- VIP Gene: Yes
- CPIC Guideline: No
Related Drug Classes:
| Drug/Class | Clinical Annotations | Variant Annotations |
|---|
| Platinum compounds | 300 | 1,138 |
| Nutlin-3 | 0 | 0 |
Section 11: Expression Profiles
Tissue Expression (Bgee)
| Attribute | Value |
|---|
| Gene | ENSG00000135679 / MDM2 |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
| Expression Breadth | Ubiquitous |
| Total Present Calls | 274 |
| Max Expression Score | 98.31 |
Expression Pattern: MDM2 is ubiquitously expressed across virtually all human tissues, with high expression scores indicating robust expression in most tissue types.
Single-Cell Expression Data (Expression Atlas)
| Experiment ID | Description | Species | Cell Count |
|---|
| E-CURD-53 | Gene expression profiling of SARS-CoV-1/2 infected human cell lines | Homo sapiens | 187,349 |
| E-MTAB-7051 | Single-cell RNA-seq of dermal fibroblasts (IFNB stimulation) | Homo sapiens | 681 |
| E-MTAB-7303 | scRNA-seq of iPSC-dopamine neurons - Parkinson's disease | Homo sapiens | 123 |
Section 12: Disease Associations
Mendelian/Monogenic Disease Links
GenCC Disease-Gene Associations
| Disease | Disease ID | Classification | Inheritance | Submitter |
|---|
| Lessel-Kubisch syndrome | OMIM:618681 | Limited | Unknown | Labcorp Genetics |
| Li-Fraumeni syndrome | Orphanet:524 | Supportive | Autosomal dominant | Orphanet |
Orphanet Rare Disease Associations
| Orphanet ID | Disease Name | Type | Gene Count | Phenotypes |
|---|
| 524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome | Disease | 4 | 35 |
| 99970 | Dedifferentiated liposarcoma | Histopathological subtype | 3 | 0 |
| 99971 | Well-differentiated liposarcoma | Histopathological subtype | 3 | 3 |
HPO Phenotype Associations
Total HPO associations: 49
Cancer-Related Phenotypes (TOP 30)
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0002664 | Neoplasm |
| HP:0002665 | Lymphoma |
| HP:0002669 | Osteosarcoma |
| HP:0002859 | Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| HP:0002861 | Melanoma |
| HP:0002863 | Myelodysplasia |
| HP:0002885 | Medulloblastoma |
| HP:0002888 | Ependymoma |
| HP:0002890 | Thyroid carcinoma |
| HP:0002894 | Neoplasm of the pancreas |
| HP:0003002 | Breast carcinoma |
| HP:0003003 | Colon cancer |
| HP:0004808 | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| HP:0006721 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| HP:0006744 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| HP:0007378 | Neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract |
| HP:0009592 | Astrocytoma |
| HP:0009726 | Renal neoplasm |
| HP:0010788 | Testicular neoplasm |
| HP:0012125 | Prostate cancer |
| HP:0012126 | Stomach cancer |
| HP:0012174 | Glioblastoma multiforme |
| HP:0012189 | Hodgkin lymphoma |
| HP:0012288 | Neoplasm of head and neck |
| HP:0012539 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| HP:0030070 | Central primitive neuroectodermal tumor |
| HP:0030392 | Choroid plexus carcinoma |
| HP:0100006 | Neoplasm of the central nervous system |
| HP:0100526 | Neoplasm of the lung |
| HP:0100615 | Ovarian neoplasm |
Other Phenotypes
| HPO ID | Phenotype |
|---|
| HP:0000007 | Autosomal recessive inheritance |
| HP:0000083 | Renal insufficiency |
| HP:0000089 | Renal hypoplasia |
| HP:0000135 | Hypogonadism |
| HP:0000160 | Narrow mouth |
| HP:0000446 | Narrow nasal bridge |
| HP:0000822 | Hypertension |
| HP:0001482 | Subcutaneous nodule |
| HP:0001620 | Abnormally high-pitched voice |
| HP:0001909 | Leukemia |
| HP:0002216 | Premature graying of hair |
| HP:0002225 | Sparse pubic hair |
| HP:0002579 | Gastrointestinal dysmotility |
| HP:0004322 | Short stature |
| HP:0100743 | Neoplasm of the rectum |
| HP:0100768 | Choriocarcinoma |
| HP:0200063 | Colorectal polyposis |
| HP:0012211 | Abnormal renal physiology |
GWAS Associations
Total GWAS associations: 2
| Study ID | Trait | Mapped Gene | Chr | P-value |
|---|
| GCST90002403_354 | Red blood cell count | MDM2 | 12 | 4.0 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| GCST002515_1 | Pneumoconiosis in silica exposure | CPM - CPSF6 | 12 | 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ |
SUMMARY STATISTICS
| Category | Count |
|---|
| Ensembl Transcripts | 40 |
| RefSeq mRNA Transcripts (human) | 10 |
| CCDS IDs | 3 |
| Exons (canonical transcript) | 11 |
| UniProt Entries | 1 (Q00987) |
| InterPro Domains/Families | 9 |
| Pfam Domains | 3 |
| PDB Structures | 147+ |
| Model Organism Orthologs | 3 |
| ClinVar Variants | 171 |
| SpliceAI Predictions | 2,366 |
| AlphaMissense Predictions | 3,251 |
| Gene Ontology Terms | 96 |
| Reactome Pathways | 16 |
| STRING Interactions | 6,454 |
| BioGRID Interactions | 2,701 |
| SIGNOR Regulatory Entries | 127 |
| CollecTRI TF Interactions | 80 |
| ChEMBL Activity Records | 8,349+ |
| Clinical Trials (p53-MDM2) | 47+ |
| HPO Phenotypes | 49 |
| GWAS Associations | 2 |
╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ END OF MDM2 REFERENCE ║
║ ║
║ Data Sources: HGNC, Ensembl, NCBI, UniProt, PDB, AlphaFold, ClinVar, ║
║ SpliceAI, AlphaMissense, Reactome, Gene Ontology, STRING, BioGRID, ║
║ SIGNOR, CollecTRI, ChEMBL, PharmGKB, Bgee, Orphanet, HPO, GWAS Catalog ║
║ ║
║ Generated: 2026-03-29 ║
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